1.Is Oxytocin Application for Autism Spectrum Disorder Evidence-Based?.
Seung Yup LEE ; Ah Rah LEE ; Ram HWANGBO ; Juhee HAN ; Minha HONG ; Geon Ho BAHN
Experimental Neurobiology 2015;24(4):312-324
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by persistent deficits within two core symptom domains: social communication and restricted, repetitive behaviors. Although numerous studies have reported psychopharmacological treatment outcomes for the core symptom domains of ASD, there are not enough studies on fundamental treatments based on the etiological pathology of ASD. Studies on candidate medications related to the pathogenesis of ASD, such as naltrexone and secretin, were conducted, but the results were inconclusive. Oxytocin has been identified as having an important role in maternal behavior and attachment, and it has been recognized as a key factor in the social developmental deficit seen in ASD. Genetic studies have also identified associations between ASD and the oxytocin pathway. As ASD has its onset in infancy, parents are willing to try even experimental or unapproved treatments in an effort to avoid missing the critical period for diagnosis and treatment, which can place their child in an irreversible state. While therapeutic application of oxytocin for ASD is in its early stages, we have concluded that oxytocin would be a promising therapeutic substance via a thorough literature review focusing on the following: the relationship between oxytocin and sociality; single nucleotide polymorphisms as a biological marker of ASD; and validity verification of oxytocin treatment in humans. We also reviewed materials related to the mechanism of oxytocin action that may support its potential application in treating ASD.
Autistic Disorder*
;
Child
;
Autism Spectrum Disorder*
;
Critical Period (Psychology)
;
Diagnosis
;
Humans
;
Maternal Behavior
;
Naltrexone
;
Oxytocin*
;
Parents
;
Pathology
;
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
;
Secretin
;
Social Change
;
Biomarkers
2.A Case of Early Gastric Cancer with Synchronous Multiple Bone Metastases.
Chung Hoon YU ; Yong Hwan KWON ; Yup HWANGBO ; Jun Young CHOI ; Sun Young AHN ; Hyun Seok LEE ; Sun Zoo KIM ; Seong Woo JEON
The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research 2013;13(4):258-262
The prognosis of an early gastric cancer (EGC) is generally excellent, with a 5-year survival rate of 90% in most reports; however, there have been few reports of EGC with distant metastases. Recently we encountered a rare case of EGC with synchronous multiple bone metastases. A 43-year-old woman visited a local clinic due to back pain. Lumbar spine metastases were suspected by MRI. She was transferred to our hospital and underwent bone marrow biopsy which revealed an adenocarinoma. After endoscopic evaluation for primary cancer work-up, we found a suspicious EGC lesion. The results of endoscopic biopsy was signet ring cell carcinoma. Our pathologist additionally reviewed the bone marrow biopsy slides and found signet ring cells in it. PET CT showed disseminated multiple bone metastases but, there wasn't any other malignant lesion. Here we report a rare case of EGC with synchronous multiple bone metastases.
Adult
;
Back Pain
;
Biopsy
;
Bone Marrow
;
Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell
;
Female
;
Humans
;
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
;
Neoplasm Metastasis*
;
Prognosis
;
Spine
;
Stomach Neoplasms*
;
Survival Rate
3.A Case of Early Gastric Cancer with Synchronous Multiple Bone Metastases.
Chung Hoon YU ; Yong Hwan KWON ; Yup HWANGBO ; Jun Young CHOI ; Sun Young AHN ; Hyun Seok LEE ; Sun Zoo KIM ; Seong Woo JEON
The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research 2013;13(4):258-262
The prognosis of an early gastric cancer (EGC) is generally excellent, with a 5-year survival rate of 90% in most reports; however, there have been few reports of EGC with distant metastases. Recently we encountered a rare case of EGC with synchronous multiple bone metastases. A 43-year-old woman visited a local clinic due to back pain. Lumbar spine metastases were suspected by MRI. She was transferred to our hospital and underwent bone marrow biopsy which revealed an adenocarinoma. After endoscopic evaluation for primary cancer work-up, we found a suspicious EGC lesion. The results of endoscopic biopsy was signet ring cell carcinoma. Our pathologist additionally reviewed the bone marrow biopsy slides and found signet ring cells in it. PET CT showed disseminated multiple bone metastases but, there wasn't any other malignant lesion. Here we report a rare case of EGC with synchronous multiple bone metastases.
Adult
;
Back Pain
;
Biopsy
;
Bone Marrow
;
Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell
;
Female
;
Humans
;
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
;
Neoplasm Metastasis*
;
Prognosis
;
Spine
;
Stomach Neoplasms*
;
Survival Rate
4.A Case of Multicentric Castleman's Disease Presenting with Follicular Bronchiolitis.
Yup HWANGBO ; Seung Ick CHA ; Yong Hoon LEE ; So Yeon LEE ; Hyewon SEO ; Serim OH ; Minjung KIM ; Sun Ha CHOI ; Tae In PARK ; Kyung Min SHIN
Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases 2013;74(1):23-27
Multicentric Castleman's disease (CD) is a rare atypical lymphoproliferative disorder, which is characterized by various systemic manifestations. Some patients with multicentric CD may have concomitant lung parenchymal lesions, for which lymphoid interstitial pneumonia (LIP) is known to be the most common pathologic finding. Follicular bronchiolitis and LIP are considered to be on the same spectrum of the disease. We describe a case of multicentric CD with pulmonary involvement, which was pathologically proven as follicular bronchiolitis.
Bronchiolitis
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Giant Lymph Node Hyperplasia
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Humans
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Lip
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Lung
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Lung Diseases, Interstitial
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Lymphoproliferative Disorders
5.Preliminary Report of Validity for the Infant Comprehensive Evaluation for Neurodevelopmental Delay, a Newly Developed Inventory for Children Aged 12 to 71 Months
Minha HONG ; Kyung-Sook LEE ; Jin-Ah PARK ; Ji-Yeon KANG ; Yong Woo SHIN ; Young Il CHO ; Duk-Soo MOON ; Seongwoo CHO ; Ram HWANGBO ; Seung Yup LEE ; Geon Ho BAHN
Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 2022;33(1):16-23
Objectives:
Early detection of developmental issues in infants and necessary intervention are important. To identify the comorbid conditions, a comprehensive evaluation is required. The study’s objectives were to 1) generate scale items by identifying and eliciting concepts relevant to young children (12–71 months) with developmental delays, 2) develop a comprehensive screening tool for developmental delay and comorbid conditions, and 3) assess the tool’s validity and cut-off.
Methods:
Multidisciplinary experts devised the “Infant Comprehensive Evaluation for Neurodevelopmental Delay (ICEND),” an assessment method that comes in two versions depending on the age of the child: 12–36 months and 37–71 months, through monthly seminars and focused group interviews. The ICEND is composed of three parts: risk factors, resilience factors, and clinical scales. In parts 1 and 2, there were 41 caretakers responded to the questionnaires. Part 3 involved clinicians evaluating ten subscales using 98 and 114 questionnaires for younger and older versions, respectively. The Child Behavior Checklist, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, Infant-Toddler Social Emotional Assessment, and Korean Developmental Screening Test for Infants and Children were employed to analyze concurrent validity with the ICEND. The analyses were performed on both typical and high-risk infants to identify concurrent validity, reliability, and cut-off scores.
Results:
A total of 296 people participated in the study, with 57 of them being high-risk (19.2%). The Cronbach’s alpha was positive (0.533–0.928). In the majority of domains, the ICEND demonstrated a fair discriminatory ability, with a sensitivity of 0.5–0.7 and specificity 0.7–0.9.
Conclusion
The ICEND is reliable and valid, indicating its potential as an auxiliary tool for assessing neurodevelopmental delay and comorbid conditions in children aged 12–36 months and 37–71 months.
6.The clinical and microbial characteristics of healthcare-associated pneumonia.
Won Kyung YOON ; Min KIM ; Yi Young KIM ; Yun Ji LEE ; Yup HWANGBO ; Keum Ju CHOI ; Jun Hyun HWANG ; Seung Wook JUNG ; Seung Soo YOO ; Shin Yup LEE ; Seung Ick CHA ; Jae Yong PARK ; Tae Hoon JUNG ; Chang Ho KIM
Korean Journal of Medicine 2010;78(6):709-716
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) occurs outside hospitals, but its characteristics are similar to those of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP). We evaluated the clinical and microbial characteristics of HCAP in Korea. METHODS: Of 130 subjects with suspected pneumonia, 49 were classified as HCAP and 81 as HAP. We retrospectively examined the clinical presentations, outcomes, pathogens, and drug resistance rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosae in both groups. RESULTS: The clinical presentations, including the symptoms and laboratory findings, at the time of hospitalization were comparable in both groups. The hospital mortalities of HCAP (28.6%) and HAP (34.6%) did not differ significantly; the length of the hospital stay was similar for all of the survivors (14 vs. 17 days, respectively). Of the identified pathogens, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was significantly less common in HCAP than in HAP (two vs. 18 cases, respectively, p<0.01), whereas Klebsiella pneumoniae was more common in HCAP (five vs. zero cases, respectively, p<0.01). The frequency of other Gram-negative rods was similar in both groups. The rate of resistance to antibiotics in P. aeruginosae in both groups was substantial, with the highest resistant rate to ciprofloxacin (50% and 61.5% in HCAP and HAP, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Although the clinical features and outcomes of HCAP were comparable to those of HAP in the study population, the frequency of methicillin-resistant S. aureus was significantly lower in HCAP compared to HAP.
Anti-Bacterial Agents
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Ciprofloxacin
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Drug Resistance
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Hospital Mortality
;
Hospitalization
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Humans
;
Klebsiella pneumoniae
;
Korea
;
Length of Stay
;
Methicillin Resistance
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Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
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Pneumonia
;
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
;
Retrospective Studies
;
Survivors
7.Comparisons of Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes in COPD Patients Hospitalized with Community-acquired Pneumonia and Acute Exacerbation.
Seung Wook JEONG ; Jae Hee LEE ; Keum Ju CHOI ; Yup HWANGBO ; Yi Young KIM ; Yun Ji LEE ; Won Kyung YOON ; Min KIM ; Sung Ick CHA ; Jae Yong PARK ; Tae Hoon JUNG ; Chang Ho KIM
Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases 2010;69(1):31-38
BACKGROUND: Data comparing the clinical characteristics and outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP-COPD) and acute exacerbation (AE-COPD) are very limited. METHODS: Eighty episodes of hospitalization in 65 CAP-COPD patients, and 111 episodes of hospitalization in 82 AE-COPD patients were included in this study. The baseline characteristics, clinical presentations, potential bacterial pathogens and clinical outcomes in these patients were retrospectively reviewed and compared. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between the two groups in parameters related to COPD and co-morbidities, except a higher rate of male among CAP-COPD patients. Clinical presentations by symptoms and laboratory findings on admission were significantly more severe in CAP-COPD patients, who showed higher rates of fever and crepitation, but less wheezing than AE-COPD patients. S. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosae were the most common bacterial pathogens in both groups. With no difference in the overall hospital mortality between both groups, the mean length of hospital stay was significantly longer in the CAP-COPD patients than in AE-COPD patients (15.3 vs. 9.8 days, respectively, p<0.01). Additional analysis on CAP-COPD patients showed that systemic steroid use did not influence the length of hospital stay. CONCLUSION: Although there was no significant difference in bacterial pathogens and overall hospital mortality between the two groups, CAP-COPD patients had more severe clinical symptoms and laboratory findings at presentation, and longer hospital stay than AE-COPD patients.
Disease Progression
;
Fever
;
Hospital Mortality
;
Hospitalization
;
Humans
;
Length of Stay
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Male
;
Pneumonia
;
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
;
Respiratory Sounds
;
Retrospective Studies
8.Comparisons of Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes in COPD Patients Hospitalized with Community-acquired Pneumonia and Acute Exacerbation.
Seung Wook JEONG ; Jae Hee LEE ; Keum Ju CHOI ; Yup HWANGBO ; Yi Young KIM ; Yun Ji LEE ; Won Kyung YOON ; Min KIM ; Sung Ick CHA ; Jae Yong PARK ; Tae Hoon JUNG ; Chang Ho KIM
Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases 2010;69(1):31-38
BACKGROUND: Data comparing the clinical characteristics and outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP-COPD) and acute exacerbation (AE-COPD) are very limited. METHODS: Eighty episodes of hospitalization in 65 CAP-COPD patients, and 111 episodes of hospitalization in 82 AE-COPD patients were included in this study. The baseline characteristics, clinical presentations, potential bacterial pathogens and clinical outcomes in these patients were retrospectively reviewed and compared. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between the two groups in parameters related to COPD and co-morbidities, except a higher rate of male among CAP-COPD patients. Clinical presentations by symptoms and laboratory findings on admission were significantly more severe in CAP-COPD patients, who showed higher rates of fever and crepitation, but less wheezing than AE-COPD patients. S. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosae were the most common bacterial pathogens in both groups. With no difference in the overall hospital mortality between both groups, the mean length of hospital stay was significantly longer in the CAP-COPD patients than in AE-COPD patients (15.3 vs. 9.8 days, respectively, p<0.01). Additional analysis on CAP-COPD patients showed that systemic steroid use did not influence the length of hospital stay. CONCLUSION: Although there was no significant difference in bacterial pathogens and overall hospital mortality between the two groups, CAP-COPD patients had more severe clinical symptoms and laboratory findings at presentation, and longer hospital stay than AE-COPD patients.
Disease Progression
;
Fever
;
Hospital Mortality
;
Hospitalization
;
Humans
;
Length of Stay
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Male
;
Pneumonia
;
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
;
Respiratory Sounds
;
Retrospective Studies
9.Prescription Trends of Psychotropics in Children and Adolescents with Autism Based on Nationwide Health Insurance Data.
Minha HONG ; Seung Yup LEE ; Juhee HAN ; Jin Cheol PARK ; Yeon Jung LEE ; Ram HWANGBO ; Hyejung CHANG ; Seong Woo CHO ; Soo Young BHANG ; Bongseog KIM ; Jun Won HWANG ; Geon Ho BAHN
Journal of Korean Medical Science 2017;32(10):1687-1693
Children with autism are often medicated to manage emotional and behavioral symptoms; yet, data on such pharmacotherapy is insufficient. In this study, we investigated the Korean National Health Insurance Claims Database (NHICD) information related to autism incidence and psychotropic medication use. From the 2010–2012 NHICD, we selected a total of 31,919,732 subjects under 19 years old. To examine the diagnostic incidence, we selected patients who had at least one medical claim containing an 10th revision of International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) code for pervasive developmental disorder, F84, not diagnosed in the previous 360 days. Psychotropics were categorized into seven classes. Then, we analyzed the data to determine the mean annual diagnostic incidence and psychotropic prescription trends. Diagnostic incidence was 17,606 for the 3 years, with a mean annual incidence per 10,000 population of 5.52. Among them, 5,348 patients were prescribed psychotropics. Atypical antipsychotics were the most commonly used, followed by antidepressants. An older age, male sex, and the availability of medical aid were associated with a higher rate of prescription than observed for a younger age, female sex, and the availability of health insurance. Psychotropic drugs were used for less than one-third of patients newly diagnosed with autism, and prescription differed by sex and age. Increased diagnostic incidence is associated with an increased prescription of psychotropic drugs. Therefore, medication-related safety data and policies for psychotropic drugs in autism should be prepared.
Adolescent*
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Antidepressive Agents
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Antipsychotic Agents
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Autistic Disorder*
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Behavioral Symptoms
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Central Nervous System Stimulants
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Child*
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Drug Therapy
;
Drug Utilization
;
Female
;
Humans
;
Incidence
;
Insurance, Health*
;
International Classification of Diseases
;
Male
;
National Health Programs
;
Prescriptions*
;
Psychotropic Drugs
10.Sensitivity of Whole-Blood Interferon-Gamma Release Assay According to the Severity and the Location of Disease in Patients with Active Tuberculosis.
Yi Young KIM ; Jaehee LEE ; Yoon Jee LEE ; So Yeon LEE ; Yong Hun LEE ; Keum Ju CHOI ; Yup HWANGBO ; Seung Ick CHA ; Jae Yong PARK ; Tae Hoon JUNG ; Jun Sik PARK ; Chang Ho KIM
Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases 2011;70(2):125-131
BACKGROUND: The clinical manifestation of M. tuberculosis infection ranges from asymptomatic latent infection, to focal forms with minimal symptoms and low bacterial burdens, and finally to advanced tuberculosis (TB) with severe symptoms and high bacillary loads. We investigated the diagnostic sensitivity of the whole-blood interferon-gamma release assay according to the wide spectrum of clinical phenotypes. METHODS: In patients diagnosed with active TB that underwent QuantiFERON(R) (QFT) testing, the QFT results were compared with patients known to be infected with pulmonary tuberculosis (P-TB) and extra-pulmonary TB (EP-TB). In addition, the results of the QFT test were further analyzed according to the radiographic extent of disease in patients with P-TB and the location of disease in patients with EP-TB. RESULTS: There were no statistical differences in the overall distribution of QFT results between 177 patients with P-TB and 84 patients with EP-TB; the positive results of QFT test in patients with P-TB and EP-TB were 70.1% and 64.3%, respectively. Among patients with P-TB, patients with mild extents of disease showed higher frequency of positive results of QFT test than that of patients with severe form (75.2% vs. 57.1%, respectively; p=0.043) mainly due to an increase of indeterminate results in severe P-TB. Patients with TB pleurisy showed lower sensitivity by the QFT test than those with tuberculous lymphadenitis (48.8% vs. 78.8%, respectively; p=0.019). CONCLUSION: Although QFT test showed similar results between overall patients with P-TB and EP-TB, individual sensitivity was different according to the radiographic extent of disease in P-TB and the location of disease in EP-TB.
Humans
;
Interferon-gamma
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Interferon-gamma Release Tests
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Pleurisy
;
Tuberculosis
;
Tuberculosis, Lymph Node
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Tuberculosis, Pulmonary