Objective:To evaluate the bio-mechanics of the cracked molars. Methods: A three dimensional finite element(3D-FEM) model of an upper first molar was constructed by Ansys 8.0 software. The model's cuspal inclination was shaped according to the mean value of the cuspal inclination in the cracked maxillary first molars and the intact ones respectively. The influence of cuspal inclination on the stress distribution was evaluated under different loads:Load of 600 N vertically applied to the occlusal surface of the model, or load of 200 N applied from three directions (vertically, at a 45?angle, horizontally). Results:For the model with the cuspal inclination of the cracked maxillary first molars, its maximum tensile stress, compressive stress and Von Mises stress were higher than those of the control models. The tensile stress and Von Mises stress increased with the increase of force direction and became to the highest under horizontal loads. The tensile stress was mainly distributed at the mediolingual cusp, centre groove and the palatal side of the cervical region. Conclusions: Under equivalent loads, the molar with bigger cuspal inclination suffers more unfavorable stress, which will magnify the occurrence of cracked tooth syndrome (CTS), and horizontal bite force may be a critical factor.

Objective To evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria cultured on a Poloxamer 407(P407) thermosensi-tive in-situ gel .Methods The modified Kirby Bauer(K-B) disc diffusion method was adopted to determine the drug susceptibility of 9 kinds of bacterium isolated on the P407 and the Mueller Hinton(MH)agar culture medium, at the same time the diffusion rates of different antibacterial drugs on the P407 and the MH agar culture medium were compared;the sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylam-ide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE) was adopted to analyze the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) expression of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on these two kinds of culture medium .Results In the antimicrobial susceptibility tests, the inhibition zones on the P407 gel were found to be generally smaller than those on the MH agar.The difference in the diffusion rates of the antibacterial drugs on these two kinds of culture medium had no statistically significant difference (P> 0.05);the OMPs expression of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was similar to its growth expression on the P407 culture medium ,but different from its expression on the MH agar .Con-clusion P407 as an excipient of bacteria culture medium can be used in the screening test of the biofilm antimicrobial susceptibility .

Objective This study was designed to analyze the proteome differences between cancer tissue and surrounding-cancer tissue using Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis (2-DE) in patients with HBV relative HCC.Methods Immobile phase pH gradients (IPGs) for isoelectric focusing of proteins were used as the first dimension,and SDS-polyacrglamide gel electrophoresis(PAGE) as the second dimension. The gels were stained by silver, scanned by ImageScanner, analyzed with ImageMast software.Results Average spots expressed in cancer tissue,cirrhosis tissue and chronic hepatitis tissue were significantly different(P

Objective To estimate effects of Qingpeng ointment on skin barrier function,and to explore their potential mechanisms.Methods A total of 12 female volunteers with xerosis on the extensor surfaces of legs were enrolled into this study.All the volunteers were topically treated with Qingpeng ointment on the right leg (Qingpeng side) and its vehicle on the left leg (vehicle side) twice daily for 7 consecutive days.Skin barrier function-associated indexes including transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and the water content of the stratum corneum were measured before the treatment,after 3-and 7-day treatment separately.Thirty-six BALB/c female mice were randomly and equally divided into 6 groups:a blank control group receiving no induction or treatment,a model group induced by 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) on the back for 5 consecutive weeks,3 Qingpeng groups and a vehicle group induced by DNFB on the back for 5 consecutive weeks followed by topical treatment with different concentrations (50％,75％,100％) of Qingpeng ointment or its vehicle twice a day for 2 consecutive weeks.At the end of treatment,skin appearance of mice was observed with naked eyes,skinfold thickness and TEWL were measured.Then,all the mice were sacrificed,and skin tissue specimens were resected from the back of mice followed by histopathologic examination and immunohistochemical staining for the detection of filaggrin (FLG),involucrin (IVL) and kallikrein 7 (KLK7) expressions in the epidermis.Results After start of treatment,both the Qingpeng side and vehicle side showed significantly decreased TEWL on day 3 (t =2.651,2.996,respectively,both P＜ 0.05) and 7 (t =3.615,3.586,respectively,both P＜ 0.05),but increased water content of the stratum corneum on day 3 (t=9.029,5.830,respectively,both P＜ 0.001) and 7 (t =13.842,11.299,respectively,both P ＜ 0.001) compared with those before the treatment.However,no significant differences were observed in TEWL or the water content of the stratum corneum between the Qingpeng side and vehicle side at any of the time points (all P ＞ 0.05).In addition,there were no marked differences in mouse skin appearance,skinfold thickness or histopathologic manifestations between the vehicle group and model group,while the manifestations of dermatitis were attenuated to different extents in the three Qingpeng groups compared with the model group.Both TEWL and KLK7 expression levels were significantly decreased in the vehicle group and three Qingpeng groups compared with the model group (all P ＜ 0.05),but similar between the vehicle and Qingpeng groups (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The vehicle of Qingpeng ointment can improve skin barrier function.

Objective This study aimed to assess the adherence to guideline-recommended therapies according to risk stratification in the management of acute coronary syndrome(ACS). Methods We analyzed 1,001 consecutive patients admitted with ACS. Patients were stratified using the GRACE risk score into low- and high-predicted risk of mortality at 6 months. We evaluated the use of hospital angiography,revascularization,and guideline-recommended medications between high and low-risk patients. Results High-risk compared to low-risk patients were less likely to underwent coronary angiography and/or revascularization during the hospitalization. The use of hospital-initiated pharmacotherapies was also lower in high-risk patients(P<0.05). Advanced age, increased creatinine level and higher GRACE score were independent predictors for failure to administer evidence-based therapies. Conclusion Patients with ACS at high risk of mortality were paradoxically less likely to undergo revascularization or receive medications according to guidelines. Better adherence to evidence-based therapies in high-risk patients may improve clinical outcome and quality of health care.

Objective To investigate the impact of initial dialysis dose on residual renal function of peritoneal dialysis patients. Methods Clinical data of 178 consecutive patients on initial peritoneal dialysis received follow-up for 3 months in our department were analyzed retrospectively. According to urinary volume after peritoneal dialysis, patients were divided into three groups: lower urine group (LU, n=97), decreased urine group (DU, n=19), and normal urine group (NU, n=62). Their dialysate volume, dialysate glucose content, uhrafiltration, weekly renal urea clearance normalized to total body water (Kt/V), body weight, edema degree and daily urinary volume were recorded and association among these parameters were examined. Results There were no significant differences in age, gender, serum albumin and total Kt/V among three groups. One month after dialysis, body weight and edema degree in DU group were significantly higher than those in LU and NU groups (all P<0.05); the dialysate volume, dialysate glucose content, ultrafiltration and renal Kt/V in DU group were significantly higher than those in LU group (all P<0.05), but were not significantly different from NU group. Three months after dialysis, in DU group, dialysate volume, ultrafiltration and urinary volume decreased significantly (P<0.05) as compared with LU and NU groups, but body weight and edema degree were still higher, and Kt/V decreased significantly as well. Conclusions The residual renal function (urinary volume and Kt/V value) of initial patients will be deteriorated by over ultrafihration in early stage of peritoneal dialysis. Excess uhrafiltration should be avoided for the initial peritoneal dialysis patients.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chushizhiyang ointment for the treatment of mild atopic dermatitis in infants.Methods A multicenter,randomized,open,active-controlled clinical trial was conducted.A total of 204 infants with atopic dermatitis were enrolled and randomly divided into 2 groups to be topically treated with Chushizhiyang ointment (test group,n =103) and hydrocortisone butyrate cream (control group,n =101),respectively,for 2 weeks.The improvement of eczema area and severity index (EASI) scores and quality of life was evaluated at 7 days and 14 days after the treatment,so was the incidence of adverse events and adverse reactions.Results Ninety-eight infants in the test group and 101 in the control group were included in the full analysis set,which revealed that the disease severity significantly decreased after the treatment in both groups.The EASI scores at the baseline and on days 7 and 14 were 2.47 ± 4.04,0.92 ± 1.25 and 0.39 ± 1.04 respectively in the test group,as well as 2.13 ± 2.01,0.85 ± 1.58 and 0.45 ± 1.65 respectively in the control group.Furthermore,the test group and control group both showed that EASI scores on days 7 and 14 significantly decreased compared with those at the baseline (the test group:T =-1 666,-1 793,respectively,both P ＜ 0.001;the control group:T =-1 951,-1 941,respectively,both P ＜ 0.001).No significant differences in EASI scores at the baseline or on days 7 and 14 were observed between the test group and control group (all P ＞ 0.05).The response rates in the test group and control group were 47.96％ (47/98) and 55.44％ (56/101) respectively on day 7,as well as 79.59％ (78/98) and 84.16％ (85/101) respectively on day 14,and there were also no significant differences between the two groups (both P ＞ 0.05).The adverse reactions mainly manifested as erythema,itching and scaling in the test group,as well as hypopigmentation,telangiectasia,scaling and hyperpigmentation in the control group.No significant difference in the incidence of adverse events was found between the test group (2.9％,3/103) and control group (6.9％,7/101).Conclusion Chushizhiyang ointment shows definite efficacy for mild atopic dermatitis in infants with good safety and tolerability,and can be a teatment option for mild atopic dermatitis in infants.

Objective To apply the optical coherence tomography(OCT) to detect the characteristics of coronary artery plaque and to investigate its correlation with levels of serum matrix metalloproteinase 7(MMP 7),MMP9 and MMP12.Methods The patients undergoing coronary arterial angiography for diagnosing coronary arterial lesions in the cardiology department of our hospital from October 2014 to March 2016 were collected and included into the research subjects.The subjects were divided into the stable plaque group and unstable plaque group based on the results of OCT scanning.The neovascularization characteristics such as the fibrous cap thickness of plaque,angle of lipid pool,macrophage infiltration and plaque cracks were detected by using OCT.ELISA was used to measure serum MMP7,MMP9 and MMP12 levels.Results (1) The fibrous cap thickness in the stable plaque group was more than that in the unstable plaque group(P＜0.01);the lipid pool angle,microphage infiltration,intima erosion and plaque cracks in the unstable plaque group were more than those in the stable plaque group(P＜0.05).(2) The MMP7 and MMP9 levels in the unstable plaque group were higher than those in the stable plaque group and control group(P＜0.05).(3) The fibrous cap thickness had significantly negative correlation with serum MMP9 level(r=-0.336,P=0.034);the MMP7 and MMP9 levels in the microphage infiltration group were higher than those in the non-microphage infiltration group(P＜0.05);the MMP9 level in the intima erosion group was higher than that in the non-intima erosion group(P＜0.01).Conclusion OCT can detect and find unstable plaque and the serum levels of MMP7 and MMP9 are significantly elevated in the patients with unstable plaque,which can be used as an important basis for predicting unstable plaque and guiding the treatment decisions.

[Abstract ] Objective Cardiac shock wave therapy (CSWT) can promote arteriogenesis in ischemic myocardia , but the mo-lecular mechanism remains unclear .The study aimed to explore the effect of CSWT on arteriogenesis in human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells ( HCMEC ) and the role of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Calcium-activated potassium channels (KCa) in the sig-nal conduction pathway of CSWT arteriogenesis . Methods HC-MEC cells cultured in vitro were randomly divided into control group , CSWT group , CSWT +T ( FAK inhibitor PF-573228 ) group and CSWT+F( SCa inhibitor iberiotoxin ) group.Each group received one CSWT(0.09 mJ/mm2, 200Times) 48 h after added stimulant.24 hours'conventional culture later , tests were made on the levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase ( eNOS ) and vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF) mRNA as well as the changes of related protein expression . Results ①QPCR test showed that eNOS , VEGF mRNA expressions increased in CSWT group compared with control group (4.61 ±0.19 vs 3.99 ±0.17, P<0.05), while compared with CSWT group, eNOS, VEGF mRNA expressions in CSWT +T group were decreased (0.62 ±0.10 vs 0.40 ±0.02, P<0.05), eNOS, VEGF mRNA expressions in CSWT +F group were also decreased (0.53 ±0.02 vs 0.64 ±0.02, P<0.05), all the differ-ences were of statistical significance .②Western blot showed that eNOS , VEGF protein expressions increased in CSWT group compared with control group(0.63 ±0.02 vs 0.43 ±0.02, P<0.05), while compared with CSWT group , eNOS, VEGF protein expressions in CSWT+T group were decreased (0.36 ±0.01 vs 0.29 ±0.02, P<0.05), eNOS, VEGF protein expressions in CSWT +F group were also decreased (0.37 ±0.02 vs 0.30 ±0.02, P<0.05), all the differences were of statistical significance . Conclusion CSWT can improve eNOS , VEGF mRNA and protein expressions in HCMEC cells and FAK and KCa may participate in the signal conduction pathway of CSWT arteriogenesis .

OBJECTIVE To investigate the develop mental toxicity of muscone to embryos. METHODS With zebrafish embryos as a model,The 3 h post fertilization (hpf)embryos were exposed to muscone at 5,10,20,40,80 and 160 μmol·L -1 culture solutions for 96 h and inspected daily with mi-croscopy for larval morphology.The drug solution was replaced every 24 h.Spontaneous move ments were checked at 24 hpf.Heart rate at 48 hpf,hatching rate,e mbryo deformity rate and mortality rate were evaluated.The expression of sepn1 was determined with real-ti me quantitative PCR technique at 96 hpf.RESULTS The 24 hpf spontaneous move ments showed no significant difference.At 48 hpf, spine curvature,pericardial ede ma,yolk sac ede ma,and abnormal swi mming were observed.In addition, the 48 hpf heart beats(10 s)was decreased fro m 26.5 ±1 .0 to 18.0 ±1 .9(P <0.01 ).At 48 hpf , hatching rate of 5 ~40 μmol·L -1 decreased(P <0.05),while of 160 μmol·L -1 increased (P <0.05) co mpared with muscone 0 μmol·L -1 .Muscone had little effect on hatching rate at other ti me points;Mal-formation rate and mortality rate at higher concentrations were up to 100%.The sepn1 gene expression at 96 hpf in the exposure groups decreased co mpared with that of control group(P <0.01 ).CONCLU-SION Muscone had toxic effects on the develop ment of zebrafish embryos,including spine curvature, abnormal swi mming,and pericardial ede ma.These effects may be related to the inhibition of sepn1 gene expression by muscone.