AIM: To investigate the application value of pre-treatment tear inflammatory factor levels in predicting therapeutic efficacy for dry eye patients.METHODS:Prospective controlled observational study. A total of 120 patients with dry eye(240 eyes)admitted to our hospital from November 2022 to March 2024 were included. Before dry eye treatment, the levels of inflammatory factors, including interlukin-4(IL-4), IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-15, IL-18, IL-1β, interferon-γ(IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), granulocyte-colony stimulating factor(G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor(GM-CSF), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1)in the tear fluid were detected by ELISA. According to the treatment protocol in the Chinese Expert Consensus on the Treatment of Dry Eye(2020), the patients were given treatments, and the related factors affecting the treatment outcomes of dry eye patients were analyzed.RESULTS:After continuous treatment for 4 wk, all the patients completed follow-up, and they were divided into the markedly effective group(60 patients, 120 eyes)and the ineffective group(60 patients, 120 eyes)based on their therapeutic effects. The markedly effective group had significantly lower pre-treatment levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, IL-1β, and TNF-α than the poor efficacy group(all P<0.05). IL-6(OR=0.994), IL-18(OR=0.998), IL-1β(OR=0.933), and TNF-α(OR=0.998)were independently associated with treatment efficacy(all P<0.05). The nomogram model yielded a C-index of 0.971(95% CI: 0.950-0.993), with calibration curves closely aligned to the ideal curve. The model demonstrated significant predictive value for early therapeutic efficacy(sensitivity=96.67%, specificity=71.67%, cutoff=208, AUC=0.866, 95% CI=0.794-0.952, P<0.001).CONCLUSION:The nomogram model constructed based on the levels of inflammatory factors in dry eye patients before treatment can well predict the treatment effect of patients.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of a multidisciplinary weight management intervention, so as to provide a reference for the formulation of overweight and obesity intervention measures. Methods: From April to September 2025, overweight and obese residents aged 18-60 years who participated in a weight loss competition at the Health Management Center of Beilun People's Hospital in Ningbo City were selected as study subjects. They were divided into a control group and an intervention group. The control group received conventional weight management, while the intervention group received the multidisciplinary integrated weight management in addition to the conventional weight management, for a total intervention period of 8 weeks. Weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and blood pressure were collected before and after the intervention through physical examinations and laboratory tests. The generalized estimating equations (GEE) method was employed to analyze the differences in indicators between the two groups before and after the intervention. Results: The control group comprised 241 participants, including 161 females (66.80%), with a mean age of (35.66±7.80) years. The intervention group consisted of 127 participants, including 86 females (67.72%), with a mean age of (36.80±7.05) years. No statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups at baseline in terms of age, gender, weight, BMI, or waist-to-hip ratio (all P>0.05). Results from the GEE analysis indicated significant interactions between group and time for weight, BMI, waist circumference, and hip circumference (all P<0.05) with greater reductions in these parameters observed in the intervention group compared to the control group before and after the intervention. Similarly, significant interactions between group and time were observed for FBG, TG, TC, and LDL-C (all P<0.05), with the intervention group demonstrating larger decreases in these markers compared to the control group. However, no statistically significant interactions between group and time were observed for waist-to-hip ratio, HDL-C, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure (all P>0.05). Following the intervention, a weight loss exceeding 10% was achieved by 13 participants (5.39%) in the control group and 62 participants (48.82%) in the intervention group. The proportion of individuals with a weight loss exceeding 10% was significantly higher in the intervention group compared to the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Compared to conventional weight management, multidisciplinary integrated weight management demonstrated greater efficacy in improving weight-related indicators and blood glucose, blood lipids, and enhancing weight loss outcomes among overweight and obese residents.

INTRODUCTION: Visual impairment and obesity remain the major public health issues among school-age students in rural areas of China. Obesity is an underlying risk of vision problems. This study aimed to assess the association between visual impairment and body mass index (BMI) among school-age students in rural northwest China. METHODS: This study included 39,385 students from the 4 th to 9 th grade in rural northwest China. From 2018 to 2020, students underwent an assessment of visual acuity (VA) and completed a questionnaire on family demographics, and height and weight measurements. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to analyse the data. RESULTS: The association between visual impairment and BMI groups was significant in the study population ( P = 0.002) and in different groups (at the different educational, provincial and national levels) ( P < 0.001, separately). Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed a positive relationship between visual impairment and obesity in the study population, including those attending primary school, Han students and the residents of Ningxia autonomous region. CONCLUSION The association between visual impairment and obesity was significant among school-age students in rural northwest China. There should be implementation of policies to address the problem about visual impairment and obesity among school-age students in rural areas.
Humans ; China/epidemiology* ; Body Mass Index ; Male ; Female ; Rural Population ; Vision Disorders/complications* ; Child ; Adolescent ; Students ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Logistic Models ; Obesity/complications* ; Visual Acuity ; Cross-Sectional Studies

This paper reported a case of juvenile trabecular ossifying fibroma（JTOF） originating from the uncinate process. The main clinical manifestation was nasal obstruction and epiphora. Contrast-enhanced sinus CT revealed an irregular heterogeneous soft tissue mass centered in the right uncinate process, with involvement of the right anterior ethmoid sinus, maxillary sinus ostium, frontal process of the maxilla, and partial nasolacrimal duct. The solid components of the tumor demonstrated enhancement on contrast imaging. The patient underwent endoscopic resection of the right sinonasal tumor under general anesthesia. Postoperative pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of JTOF. No tumor recurrence was observed during the 3-month follow-up period.
Humans ; Ethmoid Bone/pathology* ; Fibroma, Ossifying

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the leading cause of respiratory failure with high morbidity and mortality. Pulmonary surfactant (PS)-based complementary therapies have exhibited potential for ARDS healing and applied as an adjunctive therapy strategy. Coacervate (Coac) has the characteristics of softness, deformability and excellent molecular enrichment properties, and has attracted extensive attention in the biomedical field. Here PS and coacervate were combined for the potential ARDS treatment. The Coac, fabricated from polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAH) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by simple mixing, exhibited soft droplet property and high enrichment for dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP). To avoid the fusion effect of membraneless coacervate and endow it with biological functions of PS, liposomes with PS-biomimetic lipid components (PS-lipo) were further introduced to construct PS-biomimetic membranized coacervate (DSP@PS-Coac). The DSP@PS-Coac demonstrated high lung targeting effect and significant penetration efficiency after intravenous injection. Furthermore, PS-lipo replenished the endogenous PS pool and facilitated the distribution of DSP in inflammatory cells in the lung. In the ARDS mouse model, PS-Coac and DSP exerted synergetic anti-inflammatory functions, via reducing the recruitment of inflammatory neutrophils and modulating macrophages into anti-inflammatory phenotype. The overall results confirmed that DSP@PS-Coac may provide a promising delivery option for the treatment of ARDS.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the value of ferroptose-related genes in the diagnosis and prediction of ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS: We used UC dataset from the GEO database to screen for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in UC. The DEGs related to ferroptositis were screened from the FerrDb database and their functions were analyzed. The hub genes were identified by constructing the protein-protein interaction network (PPI), the differences in immune infiltration levels between UC and the control group were evaluated using CIBERSORT, and the diagnostic values of the hub genes for UC were verified by using the training set. In a mouse model of UC, we examined the expression levels of the hub genes in the colon tissues of the mice using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR). RESULTS: We identified a total of 76 DEGs related to ferroptosis. Functional enrichment analysis showed that these genes were significantly enriched in ferroptosis and hypoxia pathways. The PPI network identified 10 hub genes, and 9 of them were highly expressed in UC. Analysis of immune cell infiltration showed that 27 cell types were significantly increased in UC (P<0.05), and the immune checkpoints-related genes had the strongest correlation with the hub gene PPARG (P<0.05). Verification analysis using the training set showed that P4HB, PPARG and STAT3 had the best predictive value for UC (P<0.05). In the UC mouse model, the expression of PPARG was significantly decreased and the expressions of P4HB and STAT3 were significantly increased in the colon tissues of the mice as compared with the normal mice. CONCLUSIONS Ferroptose-related genes have significant value for diagnosis and prediction of UC.
Colitis, Ulcerative/genetics* ; Animals ; Mice ; Ferroptosis/genetics* ; Humans ; Protein Interaction Maps ; Disease Models, Animal ; Gene Expression Profiling ; STAT3 Transcription Factor/genetics*

Extracellular vesicles (EV) are highly heterogeneous nanoscale vesicles secreted by cells. They carry various bioactive molecules derived from the parent cells. EV are widely distributed in various body fluids, showing enormous potential in liquid biopsy and disease treatment. However, conventional flow cytometers face challenges in detecting single EV with a diameter smaller than 300 nm. The nano-flow cytometry (nFCM) developed based on Raleigh scattering and sheath-flow single-molecule fluorescence detection has successfully pushed the detection limit of EV to 40 nm. Through multi-parameter detection at the single-particle level, nFCM enables simultaneous analysis of particle size, particle concentration, and multiple biochemical properties of individual EV. nFCM can be applied to clinical diagnosis and therapeutics based on EV.

Objective To explore the effects of metformin on the proliferation,migration,and epithelial-mesenchy-mal transition(EMT)of human lens epithelial cells(LEC)induced by transforming growth factor-β2(TGF-β2).Methods Immortalized human LEC(HLEB-3 cells)was selected as the cell source.Human LEC with a cell fusion degree of 80％was cultured in DMEM low-glucose medium containing 10 mg·L-1 TGF-β2 for 24 hours as the control group.The cells treated with TGF-β2 and then further treated with different concentrations of metformin were used as the experimental group.After treatment,the morphological changes of cells in each group were observed under an inverted microscope.The cytotoxicity was detected by CCK-8 assay,and the cell survival rate was calculated.The expression levels of Yes-associated protein 1(YAP1),large tumor suppressor 1(LATS1),and Vimentin in cells were detected by Western blot.The mRNA ex-pression levels of YAP1,LATS1,mammalian STE20-like kinase 1(MST1),Vimentin,and E-cadherin were detected by re-al-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Results The cytotoxicity test of metformin showed that when the concen-tration of metformin was greater than 15 mmol·L-1,the survival rate of human LEC significantly decreased,indicating that the concentration of metformin had a significant impact on the survival of LEC.Therefore,15 mmol·L-1 was selected for subsequent experiments.Metformin significantly inhibited the proliferation of human LEC induced by TGF-β2 in a dose-dependent manner(P＜0.001).After 24 hours of treatment with 15 mmol·L-1 metformin,the relative expression levels of YAP1 and Vimentin proteins in human LEC were lower than those in the control group(both P＜0.05),while the relative expression level of LATS1 protein was higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).After 24 hours of treatment with 15 mmol·L-1 metformin,the relative expression levels of YAP1 and Vimentin mRNA in human LEC were lower than those in the control group,while the relative expression levels of LATS1,MST1,and E-cadherin mRNA were higher than those in the control group,with statistically significant differences(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Metformin can inhibit the prolifer-ation,migration and EMT of human LEC induced by TGF-β2 in vitro,downregulate the expression of YAP1 and Vimentin mRNA,and upregulate the expression of LATS1,MST 1 and E-cadherin.The mechanism of action may be related to its ac-tivation of the Hippo signaling pathway.

Zearalenone(ZEN)is a mycotoxin that extensively contaminates food and feed,posing a significant threat to public health.However,the mechanisms behind ZEN-induced intestinal immunotoxicity remain unclear.In this study,Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were exposed to ZEN at a dosage of 5 mg/kg/day b.w.for a duration of 14 days.The results demonstrated that ZEN exposure led to notable pathological alterations and immunosup-pression within the intestine.Furthermore,ZEN exposure caused a significant reduction in the levels of apolipoprotein E(ApoE)and liver X receptor(LXR)(P＜0.05).Conversely,it upregulated the levels of myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs)markers(P＜0.05)and decreased the presence of 27-hydroxycholesterol(27-HC)in the intestine(P＜0.05).It was observed that ApoE or LXR agonists were able to mitigate the immunosuppressive effects induced by ZEN.Additionally,a bioinformatics analysis highlighted that the downregulation of ApoE might elevate the susceptibility to colorectal,breast,and lung cancers.These find-ings underscore the crucial role of the 27-HC/LXR/ApoE axis disruption in ZEN-induced MDSCs proliferation and subsequent inhibition of T lymphocyte activation within the rat intestine.Notably,ApoE may emerge as a pivotal target linking ZEN exposure to cancer development.

Objective:To search, evaluate and summarize the best evidence for oral fluid intake management in adult patients with urinary calculi, providing a decision-making basis for clinical nursing.Methods:Using keywords such as urolithiasis, urinary calculi, fluid intake, water intake, fluid, etc., a systematic search was conducted in relevant domestic and international databases, guideline websites, and professional association sites for evidence related to oral fluid intake management in adult urolithiasis patients. This included clinical decisions, best practices, guidelines, expert consensus, evidence summaries, systematic reviews, and recommended practices, covering the period from January 1, 2018 to June 1, 2023. Two researchers trained in evidence-based nursing independently evaluated the quality of the literature and extracted and integrated the evidence.Results:A total of 23 articles were included, comprising two clinical decisions, one best practice, four guidelines, 13 systematic reviews, and three recommended practices. Ultimately, 18 pieces of best evidence were summarized from six aspects: the importance of fluid intake, intake volume, timing of intake, the relationship between different types of fluids and the risk of urinary calculi, intake recommendations, monitoring methods, and precautions.Conclusions:This study summarizes the best evidence for oral fluid intake management in adult patients with urinary calculi, which can provide reference for clinical nursing. When applying this evidence, it is essential to fully consider clinical circumstances and patient characteristics to reduce the recurrence rate of urinary calculi.