PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to seek ways to improve the quality of life of workers by separating workers into the low fatigue group and the severe fatigue group depending on the level of fatigue level, and analyzing and understanding the difference between quality of life and job stress according to the fatigue level. METHODS: For the 'Development of Mibyeong management system which was a consumer-directed health care service', the data of job stress, fatigue and quality of life was collected from 115 workers who visited the oriental hospitals located in J city and C city from Jul, 2012 to Dec, 2012. RESULTS: The severe fatigue group showed significantly higher job stress than the low fatigue group in physical environment (p=.004), job demand (p<.001), interpersonal conflict (p=.012), lack of reward (p=.062). The severe fatigue group showed lower degrees both in physical component summary (PCS) (p<.001) and mental component summary (MCS) (p<.001) measured by SF-12 and the quality of life (p<.001) measured by EQ5D than the lower fatigue group. A relatively strong negative correlation was found in the item of mental component summary (MCS) measured by SF-12. CONCLUSION: Considering our results that high fatigue level show negative impact on quality of life and job stress, we suggest to provide a variety of health promotion strategies to improve the quality of life through the prevention and relief of fatigue for workers.
Delivery of Health Care ; Fatigue* ; Health Promotion ; Quality of Life* ; Reward

OBJECTIVES: Standardization of head size is essential for the volume study. Cortical thickness analyses are increasingly being used in many fields of neuroscience. However, it is not established whether head size correction should be done for thickness study. METHODS: Using the Open Access Series of Imaging Studies data, we determined cortical thickness of 316 cognitively normal participants aged 18-94 with FreeSurfer. The association between head size and cortical thickness of whole cortical mantle and in each lobe among age tertile groups was assessed. Estimated total intracranial volume (eTIV) was calculated for determining head size. RESULTS: Across all participants, cortical thickness in whole brain except some areas in cingulate and insula decreased with aging. eTIV had positive correlation with the thickness of frontal, parietal, occipital and whole brain areas. However, the age effect was not shown in whole brain of the first tertile group and in cingulate areas of the third tertile group. eTIV had negative correlation with the thickness of cingulate in the third tertile group. Gender effects were shown in some areas in third tertile group, but it would be due to difference of head size. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that head size standardization might be done especially in older population and in studies of paralimbic areas.
Aging ; Brain* ; Head* ; Neurosciences ; Rabeprazole

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of career decision self-efficacy on major satisfaction among nursing students, and to examine the moderating effect of professor-student interaction on career decision self-efficacy and major satisfaction. METHODS: This study analyzed the data of 307 students among fourth-year university nursing students in A and C cities from May 2017 to July 2017 using the SPSS 24.0 statistics program. RESULTS: There were significantly positive relationships between career decision self-efficacy, major satisfaction, and professor-student interaction. The professor-student interaction showed moderating effects in the relationship between career decision self-efficacy and major satisfaction, with 52.7% of explanatory power. CONCLUSION: This finding suggests the importance of career decision self-efficacy and the moderating effects of professor-student interaction to increase nursing students' satisfaction in their major. Therefore, it is necessary to make diverse efforts in the field of education to improve students' career decision self-efficacy and professor-student interaction.
Education ; Humans ; Interpersonal Relations ; Nursing ; Self Efficacy ; Students, Nursing

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a competency-based educational program for strengthening the competency of psychiatric nurses and evaluate its effects. Methods: The study used a quasi-experimental design. Participants included 64 psychiatric nurses in South Korea: 33 nurses (32 females, 1 male) in the experimental group and 31 nurses (26 females, 5 males) in the control group. A competency-based education program for psychiatric nurses was developed through a literature review and discussion with 12 experts. The program addressed eight topics and provided 24 hours of education over 4 days, for 6 hours each day. The collected data via questionnaires were analyzed statistically. Results: The education program enhanced overall clinical nursing competence and strengthened professional self-growth competence. The management and teaching competencies of both the experimental and the control groups also increased significantly. Conclusion The findings of this study presented an educational program to strengthen the clinical competency of psychiatric nurses and it was proven that the education had a capacity-building effect.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to suggest the direction of the Healthy Village project for rural residents in accordance with the prolonged COVID-19 by investigating the digital environment for major health problems, the role of a health leader, necessary projects, and non-face-to-face projects for Healthy Village members in the COVID-19 epidemic. Methods: Telephone interview surveys were conducted with 585 residents from November 30, 2020 to December 21, 2020. Results: Health problems perceived by residents were in the order of concerns about infection (48.5%), depression (32.5%), difficulties in using medical services (9.4%), and lack of exercise (7.7%). The role of the health committee in the COVID-19 situation was “encouraging people to follow quarantine rules” with 91.3%. As a necessary health village project, there was a high demand for the provision of health products and mental health projects. 17.9% said that there is a computer or smart device connected to the Internet in their home, and 42.2% said that there is someone in the village who can easily get help if there is a problem in accessing and using Internet information. 36.9% were able to watch videos, and 22.2% were able to use the Internet through public facilities. Conclusion In a public health crisis, where the provision of public health and medical services to rural residents is not smooth, it is necessary to manage health and quarantine through health leaders in the village, and it is required to establish a digital environment infrastructure that can conduct community participatory health village projects in a non-face-to-face environment.

PURPOSE: A high degree of agreement between standardized patients (SP) check-list recordings and those of faculty will be necessary if SPs are to eventually replace faculties in the OSCE evaluaton process. This study was conducted to know to what degree SPs' checklist recordings agree with those of faculties during an OSCE. METHODS: One hundred and twenty one fourth-year medical students of Hanyang University College of Medicine took an OSCE. In each of two study stations, a student saw an SP for four minutes and the SP recorded the same checklists as a faculty examiner did, for the following fifty seconds. RESULTS: For the 'bad news delivery' station, SP evaluations were more lenient compared to those of faculties (56 vs 45, p< 0.01), but in the case of 'chest pain', there was no significant difference. Pearson correlation coefficients for the 'bad news delivery' station and for the 'chest pain' case were 0.60 and 0.65, respectively. The mean percentages of agreement for the 'bad news delivery' and the 'chest pain' checklists were 71% and 82%, respectively. The mean kappa statistics for the 'bad news delivery' and the 'chest pain' check-lists were 0.19 and 0.49, respectively. CONCLUSION: The ratings by SPs were found to be consistent with those of faculties only in moderate degree. The exactness of scoring criteria, and the optimal SP training are to be the premise for the replacement of faculties by SPs during OSCE checklist recordings.
Checklist* ; Clinical Competence ; Educational Measurement ; Humans ; Observer Variation ; Patient Simulation ; Students, Medical

Herpes simplex encephalitis is known to cause intracranial hypertension and cerebral edema. When cerebral edema occurs, venous sinuses are compressed, resulting in congestion and thrombosis. An arteriovenous fistula may form as a result, particularly in conjunction with superior sagittal sinus thrombosis. In this report, the authors describe a patient with protein S and C deficiency who developed venous sinus thrombosis and dural arteriovenous fistula after experiencing herpes simplex encephalitis.

BACKGROUND: Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) is a biodegradable polymer (BP) that replaces conventional petroleumbased polymers. The hydrophobicity of biodegradable PLLA periodontal barrier membrane in wet state can be solved by alloying it with natural polymers. Alloying PLLA with gelatin imparts wet mechanical properties, hydrophilicity, shrinkage, degradability and biocompatibility to the polymeric matrix. METHODS: To investigate membrane performance in the wet state, PLLA/gelatin membranes were synthesized by varying the gelatin concentration from 0 to 80 wt%. The membrane was prepared by electrospinning. RESULTS: At the macroscopic scale, PLLA containing gelatin can tune the wet mechanical properties, hydrophilicity, water uptake capacity (WUC), degradability and biocompatibility of PLLA/gelatin membranes. As the gelatin content increased from 0 to 80 wt%, the dry tensile strength of the membranes increased from 6.4 to 38.9 MPa and the dry strain at break decreased from 1.7 to 0.19. PLLA/gelatin membranes with a gelatin content exceeding 40% showed excellent biocompatibility and hydrophilicity. However, dimensional change (37.5% after 7 days of soaking), poor tensile stress in wet state (3.48 MPa) and rapid degradation rate (73.7%) were observed. The highest WUC, hydrophilicity, porosity, suitable mechanical properties and biocompatibility were observed for the PLLA/40% gelatin membrane. CONCLUSION PLLA/gelatin membranes with gelatin content less than 40% are suitable as barrier membranes for absorbable periodontal tissue regeneration due to their tunable wet mechanical properties, degradability, biocompatibility and lack of dimensional changes.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to describe subjective physical and mental health assessed by the single item self-rated physical health (SRPH), and self-rated mental health (SRMH) had influence on the cognitive decline in community-dwelling elderly. METHODS: This study was based on the Suwon Project, a cohort comprising of non-random convenience samples of ethnic Koreans aged 60 years and above. 1,356 individuals were assessed at 2 time points 2 years apart for questionnaire which included demographic characteristics, medical history, Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE), Korean version of Geriatric Depression Scale (SGDS-K), SRPH, and SRMH. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess K-MMSE score change from the SRPH, and SRMH. RESULTS: At baseline, both SRPH (beta=0.18, p<0.01) and SRMH (beta=0.19, p<0.01) score positively associated with the K-MMSE score. At follow-up, subjects with baseline lower SRMH score had significantly greater decline in K-MMSE score (beta=0.09, p=0.007). However, baseline SRPH score showed no effect to follow up K-MMSE score before and after adjusting age, sex, education, number of chronic disease, SGDS-K, and baseline K-MMSE score (p=0.89). CONCLUSION: Brief and easily collected subjective mental health may predict the risk of cognitive decline, but subjective physical health may not.
Aged ; Chronic Disease ; Cognition ; Cohort Studies ; Depression ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Mental Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires