Objective To study the diagnostic value of CDE in moyamoya disease.Methods The intra-and-extracranial arteries in 17 patients with moyamoya disease and 25 healthy volunteers were studies by CDE.The resistance index(RI),pulsatility index(PI),time-averaged flow velocity(Vm)were examined in arteries,including MCA、MCA、ACA、PCA、CCA、ICA、ECA and TSA.Results ①The diagnosis rate of the occlusion or stenosis in intracranial arteries was 87.25%.②The hemodynamic characteristics of CCA and ICA were high flow velocky and low resistance opposite to that of TSA.③The moyamoya vessels were seaned in 10 of all 17 patients with moyamoya disease by CDE.The diagnosis rate of moyamoya disease was 58.82%.Conclusions CDE technique could image the moyamoya vessels as scattered color dots. So CDE had a higher clinic value in diagnosis of moyamoya disease.

Objective To observe the effect of partial liquid ventilation (PLV) and conventional mechanical ventilation(CMV) on gas exchange in lung injury due to pulmonary edema as a result of seawater drowning in rabbit. Methods Twenty-four healthy male new Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into three groups ( n =8). Pulmonary edema was produced in all rabbits by drowning in sea water. Rabbits of PE group received no treatment,that of CMV group were treated with conventional mechanical ventilation and PEEP,and that of PLV group with CMV,combined with PEEP and FDC. All rabbits were treated for 3 hours. Blood gases,TNF-?in plasma and pulmonary histopathology were determined during the experiment. Results In PLV group,PaO_2 was increased obviously,inflammatory exudate was reduced,and alveolar and interstitial edema was alleviated. The plasma level of TNF-?was significantly lower in PLA group compared with PE group,( P

With the exploitation of marine resources and environmental deterioration, perilous events in the sea are gradually increasing. Seawater drowning is one of the most important causes of death. Researches on seawater drowning have attracted more and more interests in recent years, and certain progresses have been achieved in scientific research and clinical treatment. In the aspects of theory and establishment of a model, a renewed concept of seawater drowning-induced acute lung injury (SWD-ALI) has been acquired, the animal model of SWD-ALI has been successfully reprodaced for elucidation of the pathological and pathophysiological changes in lung tissue. Multiple results of molecular biological research on SWD-ALI have contributed to illuminating the pathogenesis involved. It is indicated that, compared with freshwater-induced lung injuries, SWD-ALI is severer in clinical picture, and it might develop to a peculiar seawater drowning-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (SWD-ARDS) if no prompt and effective treatment is employed. For the clinical treatment for SWD-ALI, comprehensive therapies based on mechanical ventilation have been approved. The scientific outcomes mentioned above have laid a foundation for the full realization of SWD-ALI and more effective rescue of SWD-ALI patients.

ObjectiveTo observe and quantify the effec ts of respiration on hemodynamics in patients with pericardial effusion (PE) and to verify our new proposed hypothesis about the mechanism of respiratory effects on cardiac function from clinical point of view. MethodsPulsed-wave Doppler spectra of the four cardiac valves were recorded with Acuson Sequoia 512 and 128 XP/10 in 10 patients with PE and 18 healthy control subjects with no apparent cardiac and pulmonary abnormalities. Electrocardiogram and respiratory tracing by a nasal thermistor were recorded simultaneously with the echocardiograms. The blood flow velocities of each valve during inspiration and expiration were averaged separately and those were again averaged for 5 consecutive respiratory cycles, and the respiratory variation indices (RVI) were calculated both in the patients and the control groups. ResultsThe peak E velocity across the mitral valve and that across the aortic valve significantly increased during expiration and decreased during inspiration, while that across the tricuspid valve and that across the pulmonary valve increased remarkably during inspiration and decreased during expiration in all of the subjects. The RVI of the velocities across the mitral and the aortic valves increased significantly in the patients with PE compared with the control subjects [MV: ( 14.57 ? 7.89 )% vs ( 9.71 ? 3.39 )%, P

0.05). Conclusions Ultrasound contrast agent Levovist improves signal of blood flow obviously. It increases the diagnostic accuracy for intracranial aneurysms and the level of confidence.

Objective To investigate the influence of simulated heart motion on the Doppler spectrum velocity- time integral (VTI) of simulated blood flow measurements through an in vitro model. Methods Using heart-motion simulator model TD-3 designed by ourselves to note the feature of Doppler spectrum of simulated heart and simulated blood flow which moved separately and synchronously.The affection of the simulated heart's motion on the VTI of the simulated blood flow and their quantitative relationship were observed.Results When the simulated heart and blood flow moved synchronously, the VTI of the combined motion was the algebra sum of their VTI when their motion independently. The velocity and frequency of Doppler spectrum of simulated heart were unchanged. Conclusions The motion of simulated heart has a great influence on the value of Doppler blood flow spectrum VTI and this effect should be considered when blood flow volume was measured using Doppler's methods.

Objective To evaluate the nature of Doppler flow spectrum of normal lower limb venous and to assess the influence of respiratory and cardiac cycle on it. Methods The right common femoral veins of 32 healthy adults were evaluated by pulsed wave Doppler with simultaneous electrocardiogram and respiratory tracing. Results In normal respiration,the Doppler spectrum of common femoral vein was divided into three types. Type C(“C” is for cardiac) displayed a wave rhythm which shared similarity with the heart beat and consists of atrial systolic (a),systolic (s) and diastolic (d) wave. Cardiac waveforms were modulated by respiratory motion: during expiration,the velocity of s,d wave gradually increased and during inspiration gradually decreased,and a wave was on the opposite. Type R(“R” is for respiration) displayed a waveform which is in harmony with respiratory signal basically. Type CR displayed a waveform which is an integration of type C and type R. Conclusions During quiet respiration,lower limb venous Doppler flow spectrum is influenced both by respiratory and cardiac cycle. The appreciation of this phenomenon would be instructive on analyzing the Doppler spectrum of lower limb venous in normal and pathological condition.

Objective To review the clinical features of lung nodule and the common misdiagnosed reasons and diseases. Methods A total of 44 literature on misdiagnosed lung nodule in the latest ten years were reviewed and their clinical characters, diagnosis methods were analyzed. Results Forty-four relative literatures were found, in which there were 319 misdiagnosed cases. The median of onset age was 43 years. Female patients were more than male. Cough, chest distress and fever were primary symptoms. 46. 39% of the patients were characterized with hilus of lung lymphadenectasis symmetrically. The most common misdiagnosis were tuberculosis, lung cancer and lymphadenoma ( 53.61%, 25. 71% and 10. 34% ). Majority of patients were correctly diagnosed by biopsy, especially through transbronchial lung or mucosa biopsy or lymphaden biopsy. Conclusion Clinicians should improve the understanding on lung nodule and comprehensively analyze and differentiate it with other diseases to reduce the misdiagnosis.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is thought to arise from the interaction of environmental exposures and genet -ic susceptibility, and major research efforts are underwent to identify genetic determinants and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of COPD susceptibility.The suspected COPD genes include tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, transforming growth factor-b1 (TGF-b1), SERPINA1, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), microsomal epoxide hydrolase (EPHX1) and superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3).A lot of Genome-Wide Association Study in COPD have identified some novel genes influencing COPD , such as CHRNA3/5, IREB2, HHIP and FAM13A.This review detailedly describe the advances in this field .