Synurus deltoides (Aiton) Nakai, belonging to the Compositae family, is an edible plant widely distributed in Northeast Asia. In this study, we examined the mechanisms underlying the immunomodulative effects of the ethanol extract of S. deltoides (SDE). The SDE extract strongly down-regulated the mRNA expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, thereby inhibiting the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and TNF-alpha in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, SDE also suppressed the nuclear translocation of the activation protein (AP)-1 and the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), and simultaneously decreased the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERK), p38, and Akt. In agreement with the in vitro observations, the orally administered SDE ameliorated the acute inflammatory symptoms in the arachidonic acid-induced ear edema and the EtOH/HCl-induced gastritis in mice. Therefore, S. deltoides have a potential anti-inflammatory capacity in vitro and in vivo, suggesting the potential therapeutic use in the inflammation-associated disorders.
Animals ; Asia ; Asteraceae ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; Dinoprostone ; Ear ; Edema ; Ethanol* ; Gastritis ; Humans ; Macrophages* ; Mice ; Necrosis ; Nitric Oxide ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; Phosphorylation ; Plants, Edible ; Protein Kinases ; RNA, Messenger ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Objective To investigate the hematopoietic effects and mechanisms of Asini Corii Colla with different processing methods on blood-deficient mice.Specifically,we aim to evaluate the blood-nourishing properties of Asini Corii Colla extracted using high-pressure steam extraction compared to the traditional atmospheric pressure extraction method.Methods Seventy female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the following groups:normal control group(Normal),model group(Model),Asini Corii Colla processed by atmospheric pressure method low dosage group(aL),Asini Corii Colla processed by atmospheric pressure method high dosage group(aH),Asini Corii Colla processed by high-pressure steam low dosage group(AL),Asini Corii Colla processed by high-pressure steam high dosage group(AH),and positive control group treated with vitamin B12(VB12).Except for the normal group,all other groups were induced to develop blood deficiency syndrome in mice by combining acetylphenylhydrazine(APH)with cyclophosphamide(CTX).After the treatment,whole blood,kidney,and femur tissue samples were collected from the mice.The peripheral blood parameters of the mice were determined using a hematology analyzer.The levels of hematopoietic cytokines in the mouse serum were measured by ELISA.The protein levels related to hematopoietic function in the mouse serum and kidney tissue were determined by Western blot.Hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining was performed to observe the pathological changes in the bone marrow tissue.Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the protein expression levels of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF)and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor(GM-CSF)in the bone marrow tissue.Results Asini Corii Colla processed by different techniques significantly increased the levels of peripheral blood leukocytes,erythrocytes,hemoglobin,and lymphocytes in mice with blood deficiency.It also decreased the mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration in peripheral blood,effectively improving the symptoms of reduced hematopoietic cells and increased adipose tissue in mice with blood deficiency.It increased the number of nucleated cells in the bone marrow,enhanced the protein levels of G-CSF and GM-CSF in the bone marrow,and increased the levels of erythropoietin(EPO),interleukin-3(IL-3),and GM-CSF in the serum.It also increased the expression of EPO in the kidneys and decreased the levels of interleukin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)in the serum.Compared with Asini Corii Colla processed by traditional atmospheric pressure extraction,the Asini Corii Colla produced by high-pressure steam extraction exhibited more significant effects in increasing blood cell counts in peripheral blood,increasing the number of nucleated cells in the bone marrow,enhancing the protein levels of G-CSF and GM-CSF in the bone marrow,increasing the levels of erythropoietin(EPO)and G-CSF in the serum,and decreasing IL-6 levels.Conclusion Asini Corii Colla processed by different techniques demonstrated significant blood-supplementing effects in mice with blood deficiency,with the high-pressure steam extraction technique showing stronger effects than the traditional atmospheric pressure extraction technique.The mechanism involved the upregulation of EPO,IL-3,GM-CSF,and G-CSF as positive regulators of hematopoiesis,increased expression of EPO in the kidneys,enhanced protein expression of GM-CSF and G-CSF in the bone marrow,as well as the downregulation of TNF-α and IL-6 as negative regulators of hematopoiesis.

A folk prescription consisting of Alnus hirsuta, Rosa davurica, Acanthopanax senticosus and Panax schinseng has been used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the antidiabetic effects of the herb formula extract (HFE) composed of Alnus hirsuta, Rosa davurica, Acanthopanax senticosus and Panax schinseng in the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The HFE was mixed in the food supply of the healthy and STZ-induced diabetic male Sprague-Dawley rats, and its effects on the body weight, water and food intake, hyperglycemia, hypolipidemic and islet structure were studied. The treatment of the rats with STZ for 6 weeks resulted in marasmus, polydipsia, polyphagia, hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia. In addition, the diabetic rats showed an apparent decrease in the insulin immunoreactivity and the number of beta-cells in the pancreas. The addition of the HFE to the rats' food supply significantly lowered the serum glucose and the serum triglycerides level and preserved the normal histological appearance of the pancreatic islets. These results indicate that the HEF have a strong antidiabetic potential along with the significant hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects, which may be applicable in the pharmaceutical industry.
Eleutherococcus ; Alnus ; Animals ; Body Weight ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Drinking ; Drug Industry ; Eating ; Food Supply ; Glucose ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Immunohistochemistry ; Insulin ; Islets of Langerhans ; Male ; Panax ; Pancreas ; Polydipsia ; Prescriptions ; Protein-Energy Malnutrition ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rosa ; Streptozocin ; Triglycerides

To promote the development of extracellular vesicles of herbal medicine especially the establishment of standardization, led by the National Expert Committee on Research and Application of Chinese Herbal Vesicles, research experts in the field of herbal medicine and extracellular vesicles were invited nationwide with the support of the Expert Committee on Research and Application of Chinese Herbal Vesicles, Professional Committee on Extracellular Vesicle Research and Application, Chinese Society of Research Hospitals and the Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Herbal Vesicles. Based on the collation of relevant literature, we have adopted the Delphi method, the consensus meeting method combined with the nominal group method to form a discussion draft of "Consensus statement on research and application of Chinese herbal medicine derived extracellular vesicles-like particles (2023)". The first draft was discussed in online and offline meetings on October 12, 14, November 2, 2022 and April and May 2023 on the current status of research, nomenclature, isolation methods, quality standards and research applications of extracellular vesicles of Chinese herbal medicines, and 13 consensus opinions were finally formed. At the Third Academic Conference on Research and Application of Chinese Herbal Vesicles, held on May 26, 2023, Kewei Zhao, convenor of the consensus, presented and read the consensus to the experts of the Expert Committee on Research and Application of Chinese Herbal Vesicles. The consensus highlights the characteristics and advantages of Chinese medicine, inherits the essence, and keeps the righteousness and innovation, aiming to provide a reference for colleagues engaged in research and application of Chinese herbal vesicles at home and abroad, decode the mystery behind Chinese herbal vesicles together, establish a safe, effective and controllable accurate Chinese herbal vesicle prevention and treatment system, and build a bridge for Chinese medicine to the world.