Objective To investigate the complications of deep brain stimulation (DBS) internal pulse generator (IPG) replacement procedures and discuss the reasons,preventive measures and treatments.Methods From 2012 to 2016,285 procedures (according to the number of replacement IPG) were performed for 211 patients in our hospital.Among them,178 patients were with Parkinson's disease,29 patients were with dystonia,3 patients were with tic disorder,and one with essential tremor.Thirty-two patients previously used Medtronic replaced with local DBS with brand of PINC and Sceneray,and the other 179 patients remained the use of Medtronic brand.Furthermore,36 patients got extension cable reimplantation along with IPG replacements.Results Replacement surgeries were divided into 3 types:IPG replacement in situ;bilateral side single-channel IPG was replaced by double-channel IPG or double-channel IPG was replaced by bilateral single-channel IPG;extended cables and IPG replacement were carried out simultaneously.The follow up period was from one to 6 years for these 211 patients,and 15 got surgical-and hardware-related complications:6 with sack hemorrhage,2 with skin erosion,one with IPG rejection,3 with adaptor fracture,and 3 with impedance abnormality were recorded;no infection was noted.Twenty-six patients got significant improvement after new IPG replacement.Conclusions DBS IPG replacement operations is a regular surgery with certain safety.Personalized surgical procedures,rigorous intraoperative operation and correct postoperative management can effectively reduce and prevent the complications of IPG replacement surgery.

Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) is a polymer synthesized from lactic acid with good biocompatibility and biodegradability. At present, PLA manufactured on industrial scale is mainly synthesized from L-lactic acid. The obtained products have good transparency but poor heat resistance. Adding nucleating agents could increase the crystallinity of PLA, to improve heat resistance. We reviewed the progress of research on organic and inorganic nucleating agents that can be used for PLA synthesis.
Chemical Industry ; Lactic Acid ; Polyesters ; chemistry ; Polymers

In recent years, bio-based materials are becoming a new dominant industry leading the scientific and technological innovation, and economic development of the world. We reviewed the new development of bio-based materials industry in China, analyzed the entire market of bio-based materials products comprehensively, and also stated the industry status of bio-based chemicals, such as lactic acid, 1,3-propanediol, and succinic acid; biodegradable bio-based polymers, such as co-polyester of diacid and diol, polylactic acid, carbon dioxide based copolymer, polyhydroxyalknoates, polycaprolactone, and thermoplastic bio-based plastics; non-biodegradable bio-based polymers, such as bio-based polyamide, polytrimethylene terephthalate, bio-based polyurethane, and bio-based fibers.
Biomass ; Biotechnology ; China ; Lactic Acid ; Phthalic Acids ; Plastics ; Polyesters ; Polyhydroxyalkanoates ; Polymers ; Propylene Glycols ; Succinic Acid

OBJECTIVETo compare the clinical efficacy on vascular cognitive impairment with no dementia (VCIND) between the combined therapy of auricular acupuncture and acupuncture and the simple acupuncture.

METHODSOne hundred patients of VCIND were randomized into a combined therapy of auricular acupuncture and acupuncture group (a combined therapy group) and an acupuncture group, 50 cases in each one. The basic internal medicine treatment was applied in the two groups. Additionally, in the combined therapy group, auricular acupuncture and's three needling therapy were used. pizhixia (AT), xin (CO), shen (CO), gan (CO), erzhong (HX) were selected in auricular acupuncture, once every Monday, Wednesday and Friday;,andwere selected in's three needling therapy, once a day. In the acupuncture group,'s three needling therapy was just provided, once a day. The treatment was given for 4 weeks in the two groups. Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) and social function activities questionnaire (FAQ) were adopted for the evaluation comparison before treatment and in 2 weeks and 4 weeks after treatment in patients of the two groups.

RESULTSCompared with those before treatment, the total scores of MoCA were improved in 2 and 4 weeks after treatment in the two groups (all<0.01). The score in the combined therapy group was improved more apparently as compared with that in the acupuncture group (<0.01). FAQ score was reduced in the two groups (all<0.05). The score in the combined therapy group was reduced more apparently as compared with that in the acupuncture group (<0.05). As compared with the result in 2 weeks of treatment, MoCA score was improved in the two groups in 4 weeks of treatment (both<0.01), the improvements in the combined therapygroup were more obvious than those in the acupuncture group (<0.05) and FAQ score was reduced in the two groups (<0.05), but the difference was not significant between the two groups (>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe combined therapy of auricular acupuncture and acupuncture effectively improve the cognitive function and social function, which are better than the effects of simple acupuncture in VCIND. The improvement of the combined therapy in social function is more advantageous in the treatment of the first two weeks.

【Objective】 To explore the surgical characteristics and clinical efficacy of percutaneous endoscopic visualization trephine for thoracic spinal stenosis. 【Methods】 We made a retrospective analysis of 37 patients with single-segment thoracic spinal stenosis treated with percutaneous endoscopic visualization trephine from January 2019 to June 2020. Among them， there were 14 males and 23 females； their age ranged from 31 to 82 years old， with an average of （57.6±11.8） years old. Their posture， length of hospital stay， length of operation and blood loss were recorded. The visual analogue scale （VAS）， Oswestry disability index （ODI） and the modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association （JOA） score were used to evaluate the preoperative and final conditions of patients and calculate the improvement rate. 【Results】 The operation was successfully completed in all the patients， and no patients developed epidural hematoma， incision infection or postoperative paralysis. Among the 37 patients， 24 ones with ossification of ligamentum flavum （OLF） were in the prone position， and 13 patients had lateral surgery. Among them， thoracic disc herniation （TDH） occurred in 3 cases， OPLL in 5 cases and OLF+OPLL in 5 cases. The hospital stay was （7.2±1.6） days， the operation time was （96.5±20.0） min， and the blood loss was （41.9±10.8） mL. VAS score decreased from （7.0±0.9） to （1.9±0.8）； ODI improved from （41.7±2.1） to （16.1±1.7）； and JOA score increased from （5.8±1.4） to （8.6±1.4）. The preoperative and postoperative differences were statistically significant （P<0.05）. 【Conclusion】 Percutaneous endoscopic visualization of thoracic spinal stenosis is treated by choosing different positions according to the type of compression. The spinal canal is fully decompressed. The surgical method is safe and minimally invasive， and the postoperative effect is satisfactory.

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is the pathological structure of incurable fibroproliferative lung diseases that are attributed to the repeated lung injury-caused failure of lung alveolar regeneration (LAR). Here, we report that repetitive lung damage results in a progressive accumulation of the transcriptional repressor SLUG in alveolar epithelial type II cells (AEC2s). The abnormal increased SLUG inhibits AEC2s from self-renewal and differentiation into alveolar epithelial type I cells (AEC1s). We found that the elevated SLUG represses the expression of the phosphate transporter SLC34A2 in AEC2s, which reduces intracellular phosphate and represses the phosphorylation of JNK and P38 MAPK, two critical kinases supporting LAR, leading to LAR failure. TRIB3, a stress sensor, interacts with the E3 ligase MDM2 to suppress SLUG degradation in AEC2s by impeding MDM2-catalyzed SLUG ubiquitination. Targeting SLUG degradation by disturbing the TRIB3/MDM2 interaction using a new synthetic staple peptide restores LAR capacity and exhibits potent therapeutic efficacy against experimental PF. Our study reveals a mechanism of the TRIB3-MDM2-SLUG-SLC34A2 axis causing the LAR failure in PF, which confers a potential strategy for treating patients with fibroproliferative lung diseases.