The lymphatic drainage from the rectum in 50 foetus and infaht cadavers was studied with the method of injection the of lymphatics of the organ. The lymphatics of the perianal skin and cutaneus region of the anal canal run forward through the subcutaneus tissue of the perineum and the medial aspect of the thigh, and end in the superficial inguinal nodes. Most of the nodes belong to the medial region of the lower group, and some to the medial region of the upper group. There are only 3 cases in which the nodes belong to the lateral region of the upper group of the superficial inguinal nodes. Most of the efferents from the superficial inguinal nodes drain into the external iliac nodes, and some of them lead to the deep inguinal nodes located in the femoral canal (Gland of Cloquct). In 4 cases the efferents of the superficial inguinal nodes end in the nodes along the obturator artery. The lymphatics of the mucous coat of the anal canal mostly run parallel to the inferior rectal artery above the levator ani muscle, and end in the nodes around the beginning or bifurcate region of this artery. Some efferents pass along the lateral sacral artery to the nodes around this artery, or directly to the internal iliac nodes. The lymphatics originating just above the pectinate line accompany the inferior rectal artery through the fat in the ischiorectal fossa, and reach the nodes around the internal pudendal artery. The lymphatics of the ampulla of the rectum ascend parallel to the superior rectal artery, and lead to the nodes accompanying the branches of this artery, or to the nodes around the bifurcate or beginning region of this artery.

The lymphatic capillaries and vessels in the wall of the rectum were studied on 40 fetal and infant cadavers with the method of injection into the lymphatics of the organ.In the mucous membrane of the reetum the lymphatic capillary network is situated in the deeper layer of the lamina propria between the crypts and the muscularis mucosa. The lymphatic capillaries surrounding the lymphatic nodules do not enter the nodules.In the submucosa, the lymphatic capillary network is situated immediately beneath the muscularis mucosae, and it drains into the submucosal lymphatic vessel plexus which lies beneath it. The larger lymphatic vessels arising from the plexus cross the tunica muscularis and pass into the regional lymphatic nodules.The muscular lymphatic capillary networks are found in the circular and longitudinal layers, and between the two layers, and between the two layers. The lymphatic vessels arising from these networks either jointo the submucousal vessels running across the muscular layers, or directly end in the regional nodes.It was observed that the shape and size of the lymphatic capillary networks of the ampulla of the rectum differs from that of the anal canal.The mucosal and submucosal lymphatic capillary networks above the dental line anastomose with those beneath this line.

Objective To explore the effect of quality control circle activity on improving the quality of nursing document writing. Methods The quality control circle was established and the activity was designed to improve the quality of nursing document writing. The unqualification rate of written nursing documents was compared between pre- and post-activity. Result The unqualification rate of the written nursing documents after the activity was significantly lower than that before activity (P < 0.01). Conclusion The quality of written nursing documents can be improved by developing quality control circle activity.

A study of the lymphatic drainage of the ovary in 90 infant cadavers was carried out by injecting into the lymphatics. The specimens were divided into threegroups: in 30 cases the Prussian Blue was injected into the substance of the ovary; in the other 30 cases the infundibulopelvic ligaments were ligated before injection; in the remainder the infundibulopelvic and utero-ovarian ligaments were ligated before injection.The first group: 4-10 lymphatics emerging from the hilus of the ovary ascend along the ovarian blood vessels and terminate in the lumbar nodes. The lymphatics. from the right ovary mostly open into the interaorticocaval nodes and some of them end in the laterocaval nodes, the precaval nodes and the subaortic nodes. The lymphatics from the left ovary mostly end in the lateroaortic nodes and some of them empty into the preaortic nodes.The second group: in 26 sides of the specimens (43%); 1-2 lymphatics emerging from the ovary reach the pelvic wall through the broad ligament and terminate in the interiliac nodes, the internal iliac nodes or the external iliac nodes.The third group: in 19 sides of the specimens (32%), the lymphatics of the ovary also open into the interiliac nodes, the external iliac nodes or the internal iliac nodes.The results demonstrate that the lymph of the ovary drains into the lumbar nodes under normal conditions, and when the primary pathway is ligated the lymph of the ovary may drain into the pelvic nodes.

ObjectiveTo study the changes of cardiac autonomic nervous function and EEG non-linear dynamics character in depressive patients,and to explore the functional activity state of brain.Methods24-hour ambulatory ECG was recorded in 47 depressive patients and 47 normal control people by multi-channel ECG machine.The index of heart rate variability,the incidence of arrhythmias and the relationship between HRV and the severity of depression were analyzed.ResultsCompared with the control group,the standard deviation of NN intervals(SDNN)((91.31±15.11)ms),the standard deviation of normal number of intervals(SDANN)((82.14±16.26)ms),the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD)((37.13±8.02)ms),the percentage of pairs of adjacent RR intervals differing by >50 ms (PNN50)(11.05±7.02) and High-frequency(HF)((17.07±4.34)ms) in depression group were lower,however low-frequency(LF)((18.27±6.32)ms) and LF/HF((1.07±0.33)ms) were higher(P<0.05).There were positive linear correlation between depression severity and LF/HF(P <0.05,r=0.332) and negative linear correlation between depression severity and SDNN(P<0.05,r=-0.296).Compared with control group,the incidence rate of arrhythmia of depressive group was increased,especially in supraventricular arrhythmias.In quiet state with eyes closed: compared with the control group,the level of correlation dimension (D2) in left occiput,left middle and behind temple region were increased in group A,but the difference was not statistically significant.In group B,except prefrontal area,the D2 of the left hemisphere were increased especially in the left central area(3.91±0.37),left parietal lobe(3.85±0.43),left occipital(4.10±0.54)and left temporal(4.20±0.61) compared with control group (P<0.01).The brain electrical activity in other areas were not found change.ConclusionThe cardiac autonomic nervous function of depressive patient is positively correlated with the the severity of depression.Depressive patients are likely to conduct supraventricular arraythmia.Left hemisphere cerebral cortex is active in depressive patients by analysing the EEG non-linear dynamics character.

The arteries of the female internal genitalia were studied with transparent, X-ray photogaphyand corrosion method in 40 specimens from fetuses and babies. The uterine artery divides into ascending and descending branches along the lateral border ofthe uterus. The descending branches supply the cervix of the uterus and anastomose with thevaginal artery. The ascending branches ascends along the lateral border of the uterus to the originof the proper ligament of the ovary where it sendes out the fundus, uterine tube and ovarianbranches. In most cases, there is no convolution and without further branching in the remainingtrunk of the ascending branch. The ovarian artery is spiral in the suspensory ligament of the ovary. It is in this region or inthe mesovarium, the ovarian artery divides into 2--3 branches, that is to anastomose with theuterine artery and its ovarian and fimbrian branches of the uterine tube. The most common typeof anastomoses found in the hilum in the ovary and origin of the proper ligament is that theovarian branch of the uterine artery communicates with the ovarian artery. The uterine artery divides into 20-40 straight or convoluted branches in the uterine wall.Branches from the two sides anastomose near the midline of the uterus. The degree of convolutionand the number of branches and anastomoses in the uterine wall increase with age. Both ovarian and uterine artery supply blood to the ovary. There are about 20--30 branchesin the hilum of the ovary. They attain various spiral forms. The most common type of bloodsupply in the uterine tube is that the uterine tube and isthmus branches of the uterine artery anas-tomose with the fimbria branch of the ovarian artery and then send out 20--30 branches to encirclethe uterine tube.

BACKGROUND:The articular cartilage has weak self-repair ability, mainly due to its lack of trophoblast cels in blood vessels and slow cel metabolism. Current treatment methods cannot restore the original function of the cartilage tissue, and cartilage tissue engineering in recent years has garnered increasing attention. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of adipose-derived stem cels transfected with bone morphogenetic protein 14 combined with type I colagen sponge scaffold on the repair of articular cartilage injury in the knee of rabbits. METHODS: Adipose-derived stem cels were isolated and cultured from rabbit subcutaneous adipose tissue, and transfected with Ad-CMV-BMP-14-IRES-hrGFP-1. Type I colagen sponge scaffold with the transfected adipose-derived stem cels was used to repair articular cartilage injury in the knee of rabbits. Twelve weeks after operation, the articular tissue was taken for gross assessment and histological evaluation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The expressions of bone morphogenetic protein 14, type II colagen and Sox-9 were higher in cels transfected with bone morphogenetic protein 14 than untransfected ones. At 12 weeks after operation, adipose-derived stem cels transfected with bone morphogenetic protein 14 combined with type I colagen sponge scaffold had good repair effect on articular cartilage injuries, and the injured cartilage tissues were smooth and had good texture, color and integration junction; adipose-derived stem cels combined with type I colagen sponge scaffold could partialy repair the injured cartilage tissues that had similar color and texture to normal tissues, and there was a remarkable boundary between the repaired tissue and normal cartilage tissue;simple type I colagen sponge scaffold was almost colapsed, and no hyaline cartilage tissue formed. These findings indicate that transfection of bone morphogenetic protein 14 can strengthen the ability of adipose-derived stem cels dramaticaly to repair cartilage injuries.

The lymphatic vessels and regional nodes of the nasopharynx in 70 foetuses and infant cadavers were studied with the method of injection of the lymphatics of the organ.There is a network of lymphatic capillaries in the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx, which drains into the submucous lymphatics. The latter join together to form a number of efferent ducts.The efferents emerging from the posterior wall of the nasopharynx end in the retropharyngeal lateral and medial nodes, or pass to the posterior aspect of the internal carotid artery and internal jugular vein and end in the upper deep cervical nodes lying deep to the tip of the mastoid.The lymphatics emerging from the lateral wall drain into the nodes right under the base of the skull anterior to the internal carotid artery and internal jugular vein, or descend to the jugulodigastric node, and the upper deep cervical nodes between the beginning point of the lingual artery and the bifurcate point of the common carotid artery.

Objective To measure serum and tissue levels of soluble syndecan-1 (SDC1) in patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC),and to explore the relationship between the expression of SDC1 and clinicopathologic features of CSCC as well as between the serum and tissue levels of SDC 1.Methods An immunohistochemical study was performed to measure SDC 1 expression in the epidermis of lesional specimens from 93 patients with CSCC and normal skin specimens from 30 healthy human controls,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect serum levels of soluble SDC1 in 81 patients with CSCC and 30 healthy human controls.Results The expression of SDC1 was significantly lower in CSCC tissues than in normal skin tissues (Z=3.85,P＜ 0.01).The expression intensity of SDC 1 decreased with the increase in tumor thickness but with the decrease in degree of differentiation of CSCC (x2 =11.66,12.51 respectively,both P ＜ 0.01).Furthermore,the expression of SDC1 was significantly lower in lesional tissues of CSCC with lymph node metastasis than in those without (Z =2.20,P ＜ 0.05).As ELISA showed,serum levels of soluble SDC1 were significantly higher in patients with CSCC than in healthy controls (Z=4.12,P＜ 0.01),and gradually increased with the increase in tumor thickness and with advancing clinical stages of CSCC.In addition,serum levels of SDC1 were significantly up-regulated in patients with invasive CSCC compared with those with CSCC in situ (Z =3.02,P ＜ 0.01),but were not significantly different among patients with invasive CSCC at different degrees of differentiation (P ＞ 0.05).CSCC patients with lymphatic metastasis showed significantly higher serum levels of SDC1 compared with those without (Z =5.30,P ＜ 0.01).The serum levels of soluble SDC1 were significantly negatively correlated with its tissue levels in CSCC patients (rs =-0.625,P ＜ 0.01).Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the best cutoff point of serum SDC 1 levels was 65.5 μg/L for the diagnosis of lymphatic metastasis,with the sensitivity,specificity and area under the curve (AUC) being 73.7％,87.1％ and 0.904 (0.840-0.968) respectively.Conclusion The downregulated tissue expression but up-regulated serum levels of SDC 1 may be associated with the invasiveness of CSCC,and elevated serum SDC 1 levels are somewhat valuable to the diagnosis of lymphatic metastasis.

Objective To observe effects of acupuncture on different traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndrome types in patients with apoplectic hemiplegia.Methods 57 cases of apoplectic hemiplegia were divided into the Qi deficiency with blood stagnation group(35 cases) and blockage of the meridians and collaterals by phlegm and blood group(22 cases).All patients were treated by scalp acupuncture combined with body acupuncture.The clinical therapeutic effect was evaluated according to the scores of manner,speech,motor function of limbs,and so on.Results In the Qi deficiency and blood stagnation group,2 cases were basically cured,17 were remarkably effective,12 were effective,with a total effective rate of 88.6%;while,in the blockage of the meridians and collaterals by phlegm and blood group,3 cases were basically cured,14 were remarkably effective,3 were effective,with a total effective rate of 90.9%.There was a significant difference between the two groups in clinical remarkably effective rate(P<0.01),but no difference in total effective rate( P>0.05).Conclusion Acupuncture can obviously improve the consciousness,language and limb function of patients with apoplectic hemiplegia.The effective rate of type of blockage of the meridians and collaterals by phlegm and blood is superior to type of Qi deficiency with blood stagnation.