Objective To approach the changes of cytosol phospholipase A2α(cPLA2α)and nitric oxide (NO)in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)and its significance. Methods One hundred patients with COPD admitted into Department of Critical Care Medicine of Affiliated Wuqing Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)Hospital of Tianjin University of TCM were enrolled,and according to the COPD severity grading standards,they were divided into mild group(25 cases),moderate group(25 cases),severe group(26 cases) and extremely severe group(24 cases);simultaneously,90 cases with normal pulmonary function who had taken health examination were chosen and assigned to the healthy control group. The cPLA2α level was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),the level of uric acid(UA),total cholesterol(TC),triacylglycerol (TG)were detected by enzymatic method,and serum NO metabolites(NOx)level was detected by nitrate reductase method. Results Compared with the healthy control group,the serum levels of cPLA2α and UA in patients with different severity of COPD were significantly increased;along with the increase of patient's COPD grade of severity,the cPLA2α,UA levels were gradually increased,while NOx level was gradually decreased in mild, moderate, severe, extremely severe groups〔cPLA2α(ng/L):125.60±8.17, 155.20±6.42, 190.20±9.32, 255.80±11.28 vs. 88.50±7.99;UA(μmol/L):381.23±32.22,434.95±87.71,464.81±52.65,487.45±82.61 vs. 241.95±52.33;NOx(μmol/L):59.90±17.52,45.60±6.17,38.20±4.08,25.70±3.04 vs. 74.90±18.31,all P<0.05〕. The differences in blood cPLA2αand serum NOx level among groups with different severity of COPD were of statistical significance(P<0.05). The levels of TC,TG among these different severity groups had no statistical significance(all P>0.05). The cPLA2αand NOx levels presented significant negative correlation(rs=-0.798,P=0.013). Conclusion The combined examination of blood cPLA2αand serum NOx levels can evaluate the severity degree of COPD patients,and cPLA2αcan be used as a new target index for COPD grading.

AIM: To explore the pathological features of airway inflammation in patients with eosinophilic bronchitis(EB) and compared to those with cough variant asthma(CVA).METHODS: Flexible fibre optic bronchoscopy was performed in 11 patients with EB,10 with CVA,14 with bronchial asthma and 10 normal controls.The mean thickness of the basement membrane was measured by light microscopy.Using immunohistochemical and special staining,the localization and density of inflammatory cells(eosinophils,mast cells,T lymphocytes) were detected in bronchial submucosa in EB and CVA patients.RESULTS: The mean thickness of the basement membrane was significantly increased in the subjects with EB [2.92 ?m(2.10-6.50 ?m)],CVA [5.64 ?m(3.23-8.48 ?m)] and bronchial asthma [9.08 ?m(6.61-11.99 ?m)] rather than that in the normal controls [2.08 ?m(1.62-3.40 ?m)].There were also significant differences among the three groups.The number of mast cells and eosinophils in the bronchial submucosal from subjects with EB [75 cells/mm~2(35-112 cells/mm~2),7 cells/mm~2(0-31(cells/mm~2))] was substantially decreased than those in subjects with CVA [148 cells/mm~2(34-200 cells/mm~2),114 cells/mm~2((1-768 cells/mm~2));P

Objective To analyze the genotype and plasmid transfer of Enterobacteriaceae carring blaNDM‐1 with blaIMP‐4 or blaKPC‐2 .Methods From April 2012 to October 2014 ,a total of 33 non‐repeatitive carbapenem‐resistant Enterobacteriaceae ( including Imipenem‐resistant , meropenem‐resistant or Ertapenem‐resistant) were isolated from 5 hospitals in Wenzhou and Hangzhou . Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test were performed using Vitek 2 Compact automatic microbiology analyzer . Phenotypes of carbapenemase were screened using modified Hodge test and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid‐disk synergy test .Extended spectrum βlactamase test was determined by the double disk combination test which was recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute .AmpC activity was tested by a three‐dimensional Cefoxitin method .Drug resistant genes including blaNDM‐1 and linkage of ISAba125‐NDM were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) .The purified PCR products were cloned and sequenced .Plasmid conjugation experiment and elimination method were carried out to test partial bacterial strain and K . pneumoniae carrying blaNDM‐1 with blaIMP‐4 or blaKPC‐2 .Results Of the 33 non‐repeatitive carbapenem‐resistant Enterobacteriaceae ,28 were strains of K .pneumoniae ,1 strain of K . oxytoca,2strainsof Escherichiacoli,1strainof K.planticolaand1strainof E.cloacae.Thirteenstrains were isolated from Hospital of Sir Run Run Shaw of Zhejiang University ,thirteen from Wenzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine ,one from Wenzhou People′s Hospital ,three from the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University and three from Wenzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine .Thirty‐one strains were confirmed as carbapenemase‐producing with 24 of blaKPC‐2 ,3 of blaNDM‐1 ,1 of blaNDM‐5 and 3 of blaIMP‐4 .Among them ,one strain carried blaNDM‐1 with blaIMP‐4 and one strain carried blaNDM‐1with blaKPC‐2 ,respectively .The plasmid transfer and conjugation experiment was performed between strains carrying blaNDM‐1 and Escherichia coli EC600 or K . pneumoniae ATCC13833 and genes of blaNDM‐1 and ISAba125‐NDM were obtained .Conclusions blaKPC‐2 gene is the popular carbapenemase genotype .blaNDM‐1 or blaNDM‐5 may be correlated with linkage gene of ISAba125‐N DM .Coexistence of blaNDM‐1 carrying blaIMP‐4 or blaKPC‐2 is detected in the same strain , respectively . Enough importance should be attached to the strains ,because most of them are multiple drug resistance with related genes located in the plasmid which is easily spread between strains .

Osteoporosis （OP） is a systemic metabolic bone disease characterized by bone microstructure degeneration and bone mass loss， which has a high prevalence and disability rate. Effective prevention and treatment of OP is a major difficulty in the medical community. The nature of OP is that multiple pathological factors lead to the imbalance of human bone homeostasis maintained by osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic cell death pathway， and its fundamental cause is cell damage caused by iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. Studies have shown that ferroptosis is involved in and affects the occurrence and development of OP， which leads to OP by mediating the imbalance of bone homeostasis. Ferroptosis is an adjustable form of programmed cell death. The intervention of ferroptosis can regulate the damage degree and death process of osteoblasts and osteoclasts， which is beneficial to maintain bone homeostasis， slow down the development process of OP， improve the clinical symptoms of patients， reduce the risk of disability， and improve their quality of life. However， there are few studies on ferroptosis in OP. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） is a medical treasure with unique characteristics and great application value in China. It has been widely used in China and has a long history. It has the multi-target and multi-pathway advantages in the treatment of OP， with high safety， few toxic and side effects， and low treatment cost， and has a significant effect in clinical application. The intervention of TCM in ferroptosis to regulate bone homeostasis may be a new direction for the prevention and treatment of OP in the future. This article summarized the regulatory mechanisms related to ferroptosis， discussed the role of ferroptosis in bone homeostasis， and reviewed the current status and progress of active ingredients in TCM compounds and monomers in the regulation of OP through ferroptosis， so as to provide a theoretical basis for the participation of TCM in the prevention and treatment of OP in the future.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the prevalence and influencing factors for drinking behavior and heavy drinking among government employees in Changsha and provide a basis for carrying out interventions for drinking behaviors and formulating public health promotion plans for government employees. METHODS: Government employees were recruited consecutively from the Health Management Center of a general hospital in Changsha between December 2017 and December 2018. Information on sociodemograpic characteristics, drinking behaviors, life events, and psychosocial characteristics was collected using a standard set of questionnaire. Drinking behavior was defined as drinking once or more per week for the past 12 months. The differences in drinking rates and excessive drinking rates among groups with different characteristics were compared. Multivariate analysis was performed to analyze the associated factors of drinking behaviors and heavy drinking for government employees. RESULTS: A total of 6 190 people completed this investigation. The overall drinking rate of government employees in Changsha was 21.9%, and the rate of drinking was higher in males than that in females (44.7% vs 4.0%, CONCLUSIONS The drinking and heavy drinking rates of government employees are high in Changsha. Marital status, physical exercise, and frequency of social intercourse are the common influencing factors of male drinking behavior and female drinking behavior. The life events stimulation is the influencing factor of heavy drinking.
Adult ; Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology* ; Female ; Government Employees ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Smoking