Objective To study the characteristics of invasive catheter infection in neurosurgery intensive care unit (NICU) to provide theoretical basis for the prevention of the infections.Method A retrospective analysis was done into the clinical data of 563 patients with indwelling catheter from January 2011 to December 2012 in our department.Results Among 563 cases undergoing invasive catheteration,there were 106 cases of catheter-associated infections with an incidence of 18.8%. The urinary catheter-associated infection was 24.5% and epidural drainage catheter-associated infection was 16.9%.Conclusion The enhanced consciousness of critical catheter infections,abiding by principles for aseptic operation and strengthened nursing to catheters or tubes are critical for reducing the incidence of invasive catheter-associated infections and ensuring the safety patients.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for simultaneous determination of the contents of geniposide and liquiritin in Xinshenning tablets. METHODS:HPLC was performed on the column of Inertsil ODS-3 with mobile phase of acetonitrile-water (gradient elution) at flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,the column temperature was 25 ℃,detection wavelength was 238 nm and the vol-ume was 10 μl. RESULTS:The mass concentration range was 16.3-407.9 μg/ml for geniposide(r=0.999 9) and 7.4-185.9 μg/ml for liquiritin(r=0.999 9);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were no more than 1.63%;average recoveries were 99.05%(RSD=1.28%,n=9)and 98.00%(RSD=1.84%,n=9),respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The established method is accu-rate,sensitive and simple,and can be used for the contents determination of geniposide and liquiritin in Xinshenning tablets.

Major depressive disorder(MDD) is a kind of mental disorder with depression and decreased interest as the main clinical manifestations. The pathogenesis of MDD is unclear, and MDD is characterized by high incidence, high recurrence rate and high suicide rate. At present, the hypothesis of monomamine mechanism can not fully clarify its pathological characteristics, and a considerable number of patients with depression do not respond well to existing antidepressants. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist and γ-aminobutyric acid A(GABAA) receptor positive allosteric regulator have a potential rapid antidepressant effect, which may be a breakthrough in the pathogenesis and clinical treatment of depression. NMDAR has bidirectional regulation, when proper activation of NMDAR can promote dendrite development, neuronal growth and long-term potentiation, but overstimulation of NMDAR can cause toxic reaction, leading to synaptic atrophy and neuronal death. In addition, inflammation can induce changes in NMDAR function and lead to depressive symptoms. At present, ketamine, a new antidepressant NMDAR antagonist, may plays a role in rapid antidepressant and delayed recurrence of depression by increasing the release of BDNF, activating the signal pathway of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1(mTORC1), and promoting protein synthesis and synaptic plasticity. Thus, ketamine has the effect of rapid antidepressant and delaying the recurrence of depression. However, due to the large variability of NMDAR gene in patients with MDD, its potential functional polymorphism affects clinical symptoms and drug sensitivity. Therefore, by analyzing the latest research at home and abroad, this review comprehensively summarizes the pathogenesis of NMDAR dysfunction, the pathogenesis of MDD, antidepressant treatment and clinical application status, in order to provide theoretical basis for clinical accurate treatment of MDD patients in the future.

Objective To investigate the association of HLA-DRB1 alleles in Han population of Shanxi childrcn with nephrotic syndrome of non-IgA mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN). Methods HLA-DRB1 was performed by polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primers technique, and twenty patients with nephrotic syndrome of non-IgA MsPGN were detected. Results Analysis of the fre- quencies of specific at the HLA-DRB1 loci revealed significantly higher frequencies of HLA-DRB1 * 11 al- leles among the nephrotic syndrome patients of non-IgA MsPGN comparing with controls (22. 50% vs 8.33%, x2= 9. 544, P = 0.002, CI = 1. 674-9.995, RR = 4.09). Nine patients with HLA-DRB1 * 11 all accompanied hematuria, hypertension or short renal insufficiency. Conclusion The results suggested that HLA-DRB1 * 11 alleles contribute to genetic susceptibility to nephritic syndrome of non-IgA MsPGN. The pa- tients with HLA-DRB1 *11 easy accompanied hematuria, hypertension or short renal insufficiency.

Objective To investigate the effect of state anxiety and trait anxiety on attentional orienting of heroin addicts. Methods State anxiety and trait anxiety was measured by State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Forty heroin ad?dicts (36 males and 4 females) and 40 healthy controls (36 males and 4 females) participated in cue-target task. Atten?tional orienting and reorienting were measured in valid cue trials and invalid cue trails. Results Heroin addicts had sig?nificantly greater state anxiety [(42.65 ± 6.58) vs. (36.60 ± 8.91)] and trait anxiety [(44.43 ± 7.67) vs. (37.00 ± 8.63)] values than controls (P<0.05). The state anxiety was significantly correlated with orientation RT difference (r=-0.259, P=0.020) and disengaging/reorientation RT difference (r=0.333, P=0.003) in heroin addicts. Trait anxiety was also significantly cor?related with orientation RT difference (r=-0.248, P=0.026) and disengaging/reorientation RT difference (r=0.356, P=0.001) in heroin addicts. Conclusion Heroin addicts have significantly greater anxiety than healthy controls. Both their state anxiety and trait anxiety are associated with attentional orienting and disengaging/reorienting.

Objective To investigate the changes and significance of serum anti-CCP (ACCP)antibody,matrix metalloprotein-ase-3 (MMP-3 ),interleukin-17 (IL-17 ),interleukin-18 (IL-18 )in the patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods The ELISA method was adopted to detect the in the peripheral blood serum ACCP antibody,MMP-3,IL-17 and IL-18 in 80 patients with RA,32 patients with osteoarthritis (OA)and 32 cases of healthy controls and the detection results were performed the statis-tical analysis.Results The ACCP antibody,MMP-3,IL-17 and IL-18 levels in the RA group were significantly higher than those in the OA group and the healthy control groups;the ACCP antibody,MMP-3,IL-17 and IL-18 levels in the low,middle and high RA activity groups were higher than those in the stable group,the ACCP antibody,MMP-3,IL-17,IL-18,disease activity score (DAS28),C-reactive protein (CRP)and erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR)in the RA group were increased;the MMP-3,IL-17, IL-18 and DAS28 in the ACCP antibody positive group were higher than those in the A CCP antibody negative group;the positive correlation existed among the ACCP antibody,MMP-3,IL-17 and IL-18 in the RA group (P <0.05);the ACCP antibody,MMP-3, IL-17 and IL-18 were positively correlated with the monitoring indicators of CRP and DAS28 in the low,middle and high RA activi-ty groups.Conclusion MMP-3,IL-17 and IL-18 participate in the occurrence and development process of RA;The detection of ser-um ACCP antibody,MMP-3,IL-17 and IL-18 has a certain value in the judgment of disease activity,and prevention and treatment in the patients with RA.

Objective To explore the effect of virtual laboratory (VL) + flipped classroom in teaching of virus infection diagnosis.Methods 40 students of Class One from clinical medical undergraduates of Grade 2014 were randomly taken as the experimental group,with 40 students of Class Two as the control group.The experiment group adopted flipped classroom teaching by virtual lab platform and classroom activities,while the control group adopted traditional classroom teaching such as watching video and lecturing.Finally post-test scores were compared by the independent samples t-test of SPSS 18.0 statistical software between the two groups.The teaching effects were evaluated through questionnaires survey in experimental group.Results The scores (82.73 ± 2.62) of comprehensive assessments were superior to the control scores (57.94 ± 4.65).Difference between the two groups was statistically significant (t=29.380,P=0.000).Students' satisfaction concerning the teaching methods and effects of the flipped classroom in experimental group was up to 85％.Conclusion Flipped classroom based on internet virtual lab platform in teaching of virus infection diagnosis can enhance the teaching quality and improve students' learning enthusiasm and thinking ability.

Objective:To investigate the clinical features, imaging features, treatment options and prognosis of linear scleroderma with central nervous system involvement.Methods:One case of linear scleroderma " en coup de sabre" (LSES) school-age child suffering from dizziness, vomiting and blurred vision was admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital on March 25, 2019.The curative effect was observed after treatment.The relevant literature was searched, and the characteristics of cases and therapeutic effects were reviewed.Results:The clinical features of this case included recurrent and transient dizziness, vomiting, and blurred vision.Cranial imaging indicated abnormal signals in the left frontotemporal lobe white matter, cingulate gyrus, basal ganglia region, and corpus callosum proximal pressure part, multiple soft meningeal line enhancement and abnormal brain substance enhancement on the brain surface in the lesion area.After 2 months of combined treatment with Methotrexate(MTX) and corticosteroids, some symptoms such as dizziness and vomiting disappeared.Three months after the treatment, in the primary cerebral hemisphere and multiple calcifications in the brain parenchyma, the lesions significantly reduced in cranial imaging.The child was followed up for 11 months and displayed no clinical symptoms.New hair was dense at the alopecia area, and skin color, texture and grain were close to normal at the damaged area.In the review of domestic literature, treatment and prognosis were not involved.Foreign literatures reported 5 cases of children, with the first choice of Methylprednisolone being combined with MTX treatment, significant effect was observed, and consistent with the treatment of this case.Conclusions:In order to detect and treat them as early as possible and improve the prognosis, LSES patients should undergo cranial integrity assessment and neurological imaging examination at an early stage, regardless of clinical manifestations of nervous system involvement.

Objective To investigate the status and clinical and epidemiological characteristics of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and human bocavirus (HBoV) infections in children with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) in Taiyuan. Methods A total of 549 children with ARTIs from November 2012 to May 2013 and November 2013 to May 2014 were recruited. The pharyngeal swab specimens were collected. The hMPV and HBoV were detected by using real-time PCR. Results In 549 children, 56 children (10.2%) were hMPV positive on swab specimens, 15 children (2.7%) were HBoV positive on swab specimens. The detection rates of hMPV and HBoV in November 2012 to May 2013 were 12.3%and 2.0%, respectively, and in November 2013 to May 2014 were 6.5%and 4.0%, respectively. The detection rate of hMPV was signiifcantly different between two periods (P<0.05), while the detection rate of HBoV has no signiifcant difference between two periods. In different months, the detection rate of hMPV and HBoV showed no signiifcant difference. The highest detection rates of hMPV and HBoV were all in children younger than two years old. The highest detection rate of hMPV was in children with asthmatic bronchitis or bronchiolitis. Conclusion In Taiyuan, during the monitoring periods, the ARITS are associated with childhood hMPV and HBoV infection especially in infants and toddlers. hMPV is one of the most important pathogens in infants and toddlers with wheezing.

Objective:To investigate the clinical value of referral colposcopy in cervical high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) positive women in cervical cancer screening.Methods:Totally 2 445 cases, which were referred for colposcopic cervical biopsy for cervical HR-HPV positive in Karamay Central Hospital from January 2018 to November 2021 were collected. The status of cervical HR-HPV positive transferred colposcopy in different situations to identify high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) and above (HISL+ ) was analyzed. The value of referral colposcopy in cervical HR-HPV positive women under different conditions was evaluated.Results:2 445 HR-HPV positive women were referred for colposcopic cervical biopsy, which confirmed 1 447 cases of negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM), 362 cases of low grade squamous intraepithelia lesion (LSIL), 510 cases of HSIL and 126 cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC); The complete coincidence rate between colposcopy diagnosis and pathological diagnosis was 67.08%(1 640/2 445), and the Kappa value of consistency test was 0.489. The sensitivity and specificity of colposcopy in the diagnosis of LSIL+ were 91.28% and 69.38%, and HSIL+ were 74.52% and 93.15%. The detection rates of HSIL+ in HPV16/18 positive and other 12 HPV positive patients with abnormal cervical liquid based cytology (TCT) were 64.78%(103/159) and 78.79%(364/462), respectively. The positive rates of HPV16/18 and 12 other HPV positive HSIL+ with normal TCT were 16.46%(82/498) and 6.56%(87/1 326), respectively. The rate of detecting HSIL+ in abnormal areas under colposcopy was 44.69%(534/1 195), and that in routine biopsy was 8.16%(102/1 250).Conclusions:Among the referred for colposcopic cases, the detection rate of HSIL+ was higher in cases with cervical HR-HPV positive and TCT abnormalities. Colposcopy has obvious value in identifying cervical lesions. The accurate diagnosis of cervical lesions is based on cervical biopsy under colposcopy.