Objective To compare and analyze the changes of CEA,CA19-9,CA72-4 in different pathologictypes of gastric cancer.Methods 93 patients with gastric cancer were divided into different groups according to the histological types,pathologic types and TNM staging.The levels of CEA,CA19-9,CA72-4 of the patients were measured,then the results were compared and analyzed.Results The level of serum tumor marker of the moderately differentiated group was obviously higher than that of well-differentiated group(P ＜ 0.05),while the level of serum tumor marker of the poorly differentiated group was obviously higher than that of moderately differentiated group (P ＜ 0.05).The differences of levels of CEA,CA19-9,CA72-4 between the well-differentiated group,moderately differentiatedgroup and poorly differentiated group were statistically significant(F =61.433,57.882,125.547,all P ＜ 0.05).The differences of levels of CEA,CA19-9,CA72-4 between patients of TMN Ⅰ stage,TMN Ⅱ stage,TMN Ⅲ stage,TMN Ⅳstage were statistically significant(F =189.624,95.236,80.342,all P ＜ 0.05).The difference of serum tumor marker between different histological groups was not statistically significant (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The concentration of serum CEA,CA19-9,CA72-4 will be higher if the gastric tumor is poorly differentiated or invades deeply,but the concentration of serum tumor has nothing to do with the histological types of the tumor.

Objective To study the application of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA),carbohydrate antigens19-9 (CA19-9) and carbohydrate antigens72-4 (CA72-4) in the diagnosis of gastric cancer.Methods A total of 78 patients with gastric cancer underwent treatment in our hospital from August,2007 to June,2011 were enrolled as the case group.A total of 78 patients with benign gastric diseases and 78 healthy residents of the same period and district were randomly selected as the benign group and healthy control group,respectively.Measurements of serum CA72-4,CA19-9,CEA of all the cases and control group were performed.And the measurements of the three groups were statistically compared.Results The Serum concentration of CA72-4,CA19-9,CEA were significantly higher than the other two groups [CEA:(27.56 ± 18.36) μg/L vs (2.44 ±0.97) μg/L vs (2.37 ± 1.25) μg/L,F =145.346,P ＜0.0001 ; CA19-9:(99.87 ±80.53) kU/L vs (18.21 ±10.36) kU/Lvs (17.48 ±9.66) kU/L,F=78.503,P＜0.0001; CA72-4:(56.13 ±39.26)kU/L vs (5.77 ±2.95) kU/L vs (3.62 ±2.18) kU/L,F =133.892,P ＜0.0001].And the positive rate of the gastric cancer group were significantly higher than those of the other two groups [CEA:69.23％,10.26％and 7.69％; CA19-9:57.69％,23.07％ and 20.51％; CA72-4:83.33％,10.26％ and 8.97％].The combination of the 3 measurements obtained the highest accuracy of diagnosis,while for single measurement,CA72-4 had the highest accuracy.Conclusion CEA,CA19-9 and CA72-4 have a significant meaning in the early diagnosis of gastric cancer,which has high sensitivity and specificity.The detection rate of the gastric cancer will be improved if the test of CEA,CA19-9 and CA72-4 are combined.

Objective To understand the dynamics of DC subsets in chronic HIV-infected patients during antiretroviral therapy (ART).Methods Seventeen treatment-naive chronic HIV-infected patients were enrolled in our study,and blood was collected at week 0,4,12,24,48 and 60 of ART.Additional 15 HIV-uninfected age-matched healthy adults and 15 long term non-progressors(LTNP) were recruited as controls.CD4+T cell counts and viral loads were examined routinely.The counts of DC subsets were measured by flow cytometry and IFN-α plasma levels were measured by ELISA.Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 16.0.Results ( 1 ) Before ART,mDC ( percentage and absolute count) in ⅢⅤ-infected group were significantly lower than those in healthy group and LTNP group,P＜0.001 in both groups.After 60 weeks of ART,mDC in HIV-infeeted group were significantly increased,and there were no significant differences compared with healthy controls and LTNP group.(2) pDC and IFN-α plasma levels remained relatively stable during ART,and similar to those in healthy controls and LTNP group.(3)Significant associations were found for DC subsets and CD4+ T cell counts before ART.mDC subsets at week 12,24,60 post ART were positively correlated with CD4+ T cell counts,and negntively correlated with virus load.Changes in mDC at week 8 post ART positively correlated with the changes in CD4+T cells at week 60 post ART,and negatively correlated with the changes in virus load at week 60 post ART.Conclusion The counts of mDC significantly reduced in HIV-infected patients,increased after ART,and positively correlated with CD4+ T cell counts.The findings suggest that mDC may play an important role in controlling HIV infection,mDC may serve as an early predictor for immune reconstitution in the initiation of ART.

Objective To investigate the phenotypes and the HIV-1-specific T cell responses of KIR3DL1 positive CD8 cells in patients with early HIV-1 infection. Methods Fifty-six HIV-1 antibody negative individuals and thirty-two patients with early HIV-1 infection were enrolled in the study. Fluores-cence-activated cell sorting (FACS) was performed to detect the phenotypes of KIR3DL1 receptor expressed on the surface of CD8 cells. The levels of IFN-γwere measured by intracellular cytokine staining assay after the PBMCs were stimulated with an HIV-1 Gag peptide pool. Results The percentages of KIR3DL1+CD8 T cells in HIV-1 negative individuals and patients with early HIV-1 infection were 1. 45% (0. 12%-8. 4%) and 0. 82% (0. 14%-6. 14%), respectively, and there was no significant difference between them. The percentages of KIR3DL1+CD8 Temra cells in HIV-1 negative individuals and patients with early HIV-1 infec-tion were (4. 55±3. 84)% and (6. 71±8. 50)%, respectively, which were significantly higher than the per-centages of KIR3DL1+CD8 Tem cells, which were (0. 50±0. 59)% and (1. 18±1. 39)%, respectively (all P<0. 01). Moreover, the percentages of KIR3DL1+CD8 Tem cells in patients with early HIV-1 infection were higher than those in HIV-1 negative individuals (P=0. 001 2). The percentage of KIR3DL1+CD8 Temra cells was positively correlated with the HIV-1 viral load in patients with early HIV-1 infection ( rs=0. 576,P=0. 000 9). The percentages of KIR3DL1+CD8 Temra cells in HIV-1 patients, whose viral loads were larger than 4. 0log, were much higher than those in HIV-1 patients with viral loads less than 4. 0 log (P=0. 002). Additionally, the levels of IFN-γsecreted by KIR3DL1 positive CD8 cells were much lesser than those secreted by KIR3DL1 negative CD8 cells (P<0. 000 1). Conclusion The receptor of KIR3DL1 was mainly expressed on CD8 Temra cells in both HIV-1 negative subjects and patients with early HIV-1 infec-tion. High HIV-1 viremia was associated with the high percentage of KIR3DL1+CD8 Temra cells. The KIR3DL1 positive CD8 cells induced lower HIV-1-specific T cell responses.

Objective To detect different animal erythrocyte hemolysins titer,and compare the application of these hemolysins in immunological experimental teaching,for selecting the better method of preparing high titer hemolysin for experimental teaching of medical immunology.Methods A total of 40 experiment rabbits were divided into 4 groups in this study,and immunized by sheep red blood cell(SRBC) and porcine red blood cell(PRBC) through different immunization procedures to prepare the hemolysin,detect and compare these 4 groups hemolysins titer by the complement hemolysis test.Results Rabbit Anti-SRBC in the group A was 1∶4 800,rabbit Anti-PRBC in the group B was 1∶1 200,rabbit Anti-SRBC in the group C was 1∶1 000,rabbit Anti-PRBC in the group D was 1∶200.Conclusion The hemolysin titer of the rabbit Anti-PRBC was lower than that of the rabbit Anti-SRBC by the same immunization procedures,and the immunization procedure by intradermal multi-point and auricular vein injection is the better method of preparing high titer hemolysin,so PRBC could replace SRBC as antigen,and immunize the rabbits for preparing hemolysin,which could be used in experimental teaching of medical immunology.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism of Tiaozhong Granule (TZG), a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, in treating rats with mixed reflux esophagitis. METHODS: Fifty-eight SD rats were randomly divided into untreated group (n=12), sham-operated group (n=10), TZG-treated group (n=12), Banxia Xiexin Decoction (BXXXD)-treated group (n=12) and cisapride-treated group (n=12). Mixed reflux esophagitis was induced by esophago-duodenum end-to-side anastomosis. Four weeks later, the rats were orally administered twice daily for 12 days. Pathological changes of esophagus mucous membrane were observed by using HE staining. The expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and p53 in the esophagus tissue were detected by immunohistochemical SABC method. Spectrophotometric method was used to detect the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in serum. RESULTS: Compared with the untreated group, pathological changes of esophagus mucous membrane were relieved in different degrees in TZG-treated group, BXXXD-treated group and cisapride-treated group. Content of MDA and expressions of PCNA and p53 were obviously decreased in the three treated groups (P<0.01), and the activities of SOD and GSH-Px were significantly increased in the three treated groups (P<0.05, P<0.01). TZG had better effects than cisapride in decreasing the content of MDA and increasing the activities of SOD and GSH-Px (P<0.05). TZG was better in aspect of reducing the expressions of PCNA and p53 than BXXXD and cisapride tablets (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Tiaozhong Granule can treat mixed reflux esophagitis in rats, and its action mechanisms may be associated with decreasing the expressions of PCNA and p53 in esophagus mucous membrane, reducing the content of MDA and increasing the activities of SOD and GSH-Px in serum.

Objective To reconstruct the initiative procedure of HIV-1 reverse transcription in vitro and establish a methodology of assessing activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) with real-time PCR Methods The tRNALys-3 gene was amplified from genome in healthy individuals through polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and then T7 transcription promoter was added in 5'-terminal of the tRNALys-3. The tRNA[Lys-3 cRNA product was obtained by applying T7 RNA polymerase through a transcription reaction. The 5'-LTR-PBS DNA was also obtained by transcription reaction from the HIV-1 infectious clone and inserted into pGEM-T easy vectors. 5'-LTR-PBS cRNA was obtained by applying SP6 RNA polymerase whose combining site was located in pGEM-T easy vectors. Then the two RNA samples was catalyzed by two kinds of standard reverse transcriptases (SuperScript Ⅲ and HIV-1 standard reverse transcriptase, respectively) and the cDNA was synthesised. The relative activity of RT was determined with the real-time PCR. Results The tRNALys-3 primer and the SP6-5'-LTR-PBS RNA were procured accurately, whose length were 93bp and 872 bp, respectively. After the following serial dilution of Super Script Ⅲ and HIV-1 standard reverse transeriptase:1 : 10, 1: 100, 1:1 000, 1:10 000, each step of reverse transcription process worked successfully. Real-time PCR results showed that Ct values of the two groups were 13.9, 18. 3, 20. 9, 24. 9 and 20. 4, 25. 5, 28. 7, 32. 5 respectively. Conclusion A novel real-time PCR method is developed to assay the RT activity directly through reconstructing the initiation of HIV reproduction, which may be helpful for clinical management, screening of new antiretroviral drugs, and drug resistance test.

Objective: To understand the working categories of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) nursing and its existing problems, and to provide a realistic basis for the construction of primary PCI in clinical nursing. Methods: Qualitative interviews were used to carry out semi-structured and personal in-depth interviews among 5 doctors and 27 nurses in 5 hospitals. 7 step analysis of Colaizzi was used to analyze the data. Results: The working categories of primary PCI nursing involves professional team management, early identification, preoperative preparation, evaluation and predictive nursing, disease observation, safe transfer, psychological nursing and health guidance. Conclusion Primary PCI nursing is still in the stage of continuous optimization, but some parts of the process are not standardized and the nursing behavior is inconsistent. Primary PCI nursing needs to form nursing behavior norms under the guidelines of evidence-based medicine.

In previous study we isolated a gram-positive bacterial strain, designated Niu-O16, from bovine rumen gastric juice. The growing cells of bacterial strain Niu-O16 is capable of biotransforming isoflavone daidzein into dihydrodaidzein efficiently under anaerobic conditions. In this study we investigated the optimal bioconversion conditions for the resting cells of bacterial strain Niu-O16 to convert daidzein into dihydrodaidzein. Single factor test showed that the optimal conditions for the initial pH of phosphate buffer, the concentration of the resting cell and the concentration of the substrate daidzein were 6.0-8.0, 32-64 mg/mL (wet weight) and 0.8-1.2 mmol/L, respectively. Orthogonal experiments were used to determine the optimal combination of the resting cell concentration, substrate concentration and biotransformation time. The results showed that the optimal combination included resting cell concentration 32 mg/mL, substrate concentration 0.8 mmol/L and the biotransformation time 24 h. Furthermore, the biotransformation kinetics under optimal conditions were studied, under which conditions the highest bioconversion rate was 63.9% in the resting cell system. The results might provide information for resting cell biotransforming of anaerobes as well as its industrial application.
Anaerobiosis ; Animals ; Biotransformation ; Cattle ; Culture Techniques ; methods ; Gastric Juice ; microbiology ; Gram-Positive Bacteria ; growth & development ; isolation & purification ; physiology ; Isoflavones ; biosynthesis ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Kinetics ; Rumen ; microbiology

OBJECTIVESTo observe the changes of serum interleukins (IL), T-lymphocyte subsets, and white blood cell (WBC) count in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and to investigate the relationship between injured immune function, immune response and disturbed immune adjustment in SARS patients.

METHODSThe levels of serum IL-2, IL-10, IL-12 and T-lymphocyte subset counts were measured in 35 clinically diagnosed SARS patients by using enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). The relationship between the measured results and WBC count was further analyzed.

RESULTSThe level of serum IL was increased to a great extent in the 35 SARS patients, and the levels of serum IL-2, IL-10 and IL-12 were 242.53 (92.69) pg/ml, 77.43 (63.37) pg/ml and 65.94 (43.21) pg/ml, respectively. The level of serum IL-2 increased markedly (P < 0.01). The peripheral blood CD(3)(+), CD(4)(+) and CD(8)(+) counts were lower than normal in 23 patients (67.7%), 26 patients (74.3%) and 15 patients (42.9%), respectively. The peripheral blood WBC counts were lower than 4.0 x 10(9)/L in 10 patients, and their CD(3)(+), CD(4)(+) and CD(8)(+) counts were 583.90 (315.58) x 10(6)/L, 272.00 (94.13) x 10(6)/L and 209.00 (72.21) x 10(6)/L, respectively. The peripheral blood WBC counts were (4.0 - 10.0) x 10(9)/L in 20 patients, and their CD(3)(+), CD(4)(+) and CD(8)(+) counts were 700.00 (502.96) x 10(6)/L, 347.00 (247.58) x 10(6)/L and 322.05 (228.47) x 10(6)/L, respectively. The peripheral blood WBC counts were higher than 10.0 x 10(9)/L in 5 patients, and their CD(3)(+), CD(4)(+) and CD(8)(+) counts were 1466.00 (630.86) x 10(6)/L, 783.00 (311.14) x 10(6)/L and 640.00 (294.40) x 10(6)/L, respectively. The decreased CD(3)(+), CD(4)(+) and CD(8)(+) counts were consistent with the decreased WBC counts. The level of IL in SARS patients was significantly higher than that in patients with chronic hepatitis B (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe level of serum IL is closely related to cell immunity in SARS patients. The level of serum IL is increased evidently while CD(3)(+), CD(4)(+) and CD(8)(+) counts decrease. Both serum IL and CD are associated with injury of immune function, and thus they could be regarded as a monitoring index for judging the condition of SARS patients and prescribing immune therapy.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukins ; blood ; Leukocyte Count ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; immunology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; cytology