As a fundamental component of the host cellular cytoskeleton, actin is routinely engaged by infecting viruses. Furthermore, viruses from diverse groups, and infecting diverse hosts, have convergently evolved an array of mechanisms for manipulating the actin cytoskeleton for efifcacious infection. An ongoing chorus of research now indicates that the actin cytoskeleton is critical for viral replication at many stages of the viral life cycle, including binding, entry, nuclear localization, genomic transcription and reverse transcription, assembly, and egress/dissemination. Speciifcally, viruses subvert the force-generating and macromolecular scaffolding properties of the actin cytoskeleton to propel viral surifng, internalization, and migration within the cell. Additionally, viruses utilize the actin cytoskeleton to support and organize assembly sites, and eject budding virions for cell-to-cell transmission. It is the purpose of this review to provide an overview of current research, focusing on the various mechanisms and themes of virus-mediated actin modulation described therein.

Objective To investigate the effect of comprehensive intervention including education, lifestyle intervention and drug intervention for patients with hypertension in Kailuan community. Methods Employees who took part in the health checkup of Kailuan Group, Ltd. from June 2008 to June 2009 were enrolled in this study. The changes of hypertension awareness, treatment and control rates and cardiovascular health behaviors and factors have been observed in the follow-up. Results A total of 5 361 patients with hypertension were enrolled. After a period of 2 years of follow-up, the treatment rate and up to standard rate hypertension were significantly increased compared to pre-intervention (11.90%vs. 100.00%;0.82% vs. 36.93%. P<0.01). After comprehensive intervention, the average score of ideal cardiovascular health behaviors and factors increased from (6.85 ± 1.90) to (7.52 ± 1.92) (P<0.01). Conclusion Comprehensive intervention is an effective means for the prevention and control of hypertension in the community.

[Summary] Lumbar disc herniation is rare in juveniles , which makes it more difficult to diagnose and treat .The prevalence , causes and risk factors , pathological changes , clinical characteristics , main treatment methods , and curative effects of lumbar disc herniation in juveniles were summarized in this review , for benefiting clinical diagnosis and treatment .

In the span of the interactions between cells and biomaterials, cell adhesion is the first biological behavior which has important effects on the following biological behaviors including cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation. So how to improve cell adhesion of biomaterials has become an important subject of tissue engi- neering. One of the popular methods is the surface modification of biomaterials. This article reviews the development of the research on the surface modification of biomaterials for improving cell adhesion.

This article gives insights into a series of research on the purpose, significance, system, execution and as-sessment of Medical Humanities Curriculums, based on the problems of the existing medical education. The MedicalHumanities Curriculums are divided into three major groups: the fundamental, the comprehensive and the practical,detailedly reasoned by their contents and functions.[

Objective To investigate the association between left ventricular diastolic function and arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods One hundred and two patients with type 2 diabetes( diabetic group),and 126 non-diabetic patients( control group) were selected from Jan. 2012 to Dec. 2013 in the Beijing Military General Hospital. The clinical features were recorded and free blood glucose (FBG ),blood lipids were measured. Cardio ankle vascular index( CAVI ) was measured by VS-1000 arteriosclerosis detector. Ultrasound heartbeat diagram was used to determine the left ventricular diastolic function indexes including the left atrial diameter(LAD),left ventricular early diastolicpeak velocity(E),left ventricular diastolic peak velocity(A),E/ A ratio and E peak deceleration time(EDT). Results The level of LAD,A, EDT,CAVI in diabetic patients were(39. 5 ± 5. 3)mm,(76. 6 ± 13. 5)cm/ s,(206. 6 ± 56. 3)ms,(9. 6 ± 1. 1)respectively,higher than those in control group((34. 4 ± 4. 2)mm,(71. 3 ± 13. 4)cm/ s,(185. 5 ± 34. 4)ms,(8. 5 ± 0. 9)). And E,E/ A level in diabetic group were(56. 6 ± 20. 4)cm/ s and(0. 73 ± 0. 21),significantly lower than the control group((67. 5 ± 16. 4)cm/ s and(0. 96 ± 0. 26)). The differences between the two groups were significant(P = 0. 001,0. 004,0. 002,0. 001,0. 001,0. 001). After adjusting the factors including body mass index and triglyceride,CAVI was negatively correlated with E/ A(r = - 0. 339,P< 0. 05))and positively correlated with EDT(r = 0. 314,P < 0. 05). Conclusion The diabetic patients with lower diastolic function and higher arterial stiffness,and the two factors are negatively correlation.

OBJECTIVE: To establish headspace capillary gas chromatography for the content determination of residual solvents in letrozole, such as chloroform, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, DMF and isopropanol. METHODS: Dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide, chloroform, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, DMF and isopropanol in letrozole were determined by headspace gas chromatography with HP-5 capillary gas chromatography. ECD was applied for chloroform, while FID was applied for the other residual solvents. RESULTS: The liner ranges of chloroform, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, DMF and isopropanol were 1.028～10.28 mg?L-1(r=0.999 9), 94.68～946.8 mg?L-1 (r=0.999 7), 94.64～946.4 mg?L-1(r=0.999 7), 110.64～1 106.4 mg?L-1(r=0.999 7), 15.12～151.2 mg?L-1(r=0.999 6), 116.48～1 164.8 mg?L-1(r=0.999 5), respectively. The average recoveries of the residual organic solvents ranged from 97% to 102%. The detection limits were 20～90 ?g?L-1. The residual levels of the six organic solvents in three batches of samples were all up to the standard stipulated in Chinese Pharmacopeia. CONCLUSIONS: The method is simple, sensitive, accurate and reliable for the content determination of residual organic solvents in letrozole.

Objective To understand the characteristics of High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) distribution through analyzing serum HDL-C levels in healthy checkup subjects among local urbanese.Methods The checkup results of 36 454 cases were collected from 2009 to 2013 in Tangshan Gongren hospital (male:n =20 343,female:n =16 111).The cases with liver injury,abnormal blood glucoses,kidney injury and defined cerebrovascular diseases and metabolic disease were excluded.25 197 cases were analyzed as normal subjects including 11 114 males and 14 083 females.Kolmogorov-Smimov test,kruskal-wallis test,and Dunn multiple comparison test was performed using Bioconductor software 3.0.2 for testing normality distribution and comparing the difference of two or multiple groups,respectively.Results were analyzed statistically with R 3.0.2.Results The results showed that the average level (1.22-± 0.31) mmol/L of HDL-C among the overall population is lower than that of national average level(1.30 mmol/L).The median serum HDL-C level in female is higher than in male (1.27 and 1.08,x2 =2 606.34,P ＜0.01).HDL-C levels in male continuously increase from 1.06 mmol/L to 1.11 mmol/L with aging,especially in groups of over 50 years old than in groups of below 50 years old (x2 =75.19,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Based on 2007 guidance on prevention and treatment by national health bureau,this study showed that there are 29.69％ of the apparent healthy subjects,especially about 42.94％ of the male,representing low HDL-C level under the low limit of 1.04 mmol/L.These results showed that serum HDL-C level in Tangshan urbanese is lower than that of national average level,and HDL-C level in male is tended to increase with aging.

Objective To study the clinical efficacy of laparoscopic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (LRPLND) for stage Ⅱ nonseminomatous testicular cancer. Methods Seven patients (mean ages 28 years, 4 had the tumors on the left side and 3 on the right) underwent LRPLND during 1 to 4 weeks after orchiectomy for clinical stage Ⅱ nonseminomatous testicular cancer. The dissection-al boundaries included the ipsilateral ureter laterally, the renal vessels superiorly, abdominal aorta and the bifurcation of the iliac artery inferiorly. The operative time, intraoperative blood loss, intra-or postoperative complications, tumor markers and ejaculation were observed. Results LRPLND was completed in all patients. Operative time ranged from 140 to 220 min (mean 180 min). Intraoperative blood loss ranged from 80 to 127 ml (mean 95 ml) and no transfusions were required. No intra- or postoperative complications occurred because of the procedure. At 2 weeks after operation, serum al-pha fetoprotein decreased from (15 to 1247 μg/L) to (2 to 8 μg/L), and beta human chorionic gona-dotropin decreased from (5 to 59 μg/L) to (0.5 to 2.5 μg/L). All patients recovered ejaculation dur-ing 10 to 12 weeks after operation. After a mean follow-up period of 21 months (range 12 to 26), no disease recurrence or metastasis was observed. Conclusion LRPLND is a safe, effective, minimally invasive procedure in the management of stage Ⅱ nonseminomatous testicular cancer patients.