OBJECTIVE: To establish headspace capillary gas chromatography for the content determination of residual solvents in letrozole, such as chloroform, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, DMF and isopropanol. METHODS: Dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide, chloroform, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, DMF and isopropanol in letrozole were determined by headspace gas chromatography with HP-5 capillary gas chromatography. ECD was applied for chloroform, while FID was applied for the other residual solvents. RESULTS: The liner ranges of chloroform, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, DMF and isopropanol were 1.028～10.28 mg?L-1(r=0.999 9), 94.68～946.8 mg?L-1 (r=0.999 7), 94.64～946.4 mg?L-1(r=0.999 7), 110.64～1 106.4 mg?L-1(r=0.999 7), 15.12～151.2 mg?L-1(r=0.999 6), 116.48～1 164.8 mg?L-1(r=0.999 5), respectively. The average recoveries of the residual organic solvents ranged from 97% to 102%. The detection limits were 20～90 ?g?L-1. The residual levels of the six organic solvents in three batches of samples were all up to the standard stipulated in Chinese Pharmacopeia. CONCLUSIONS: The method is simple, sensitive, accurate and reliable for the content determination of residual organic solvents in letrozole.

Objective:To analysis the impact of public health emergencies on mood fluctuations of depression and the related factors in the elderly in Shanghai, in order to provide a new evidence for early psychological intervention.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 983 elderly in the Department of Geriatrics of Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University and two communities in Changning and Hongkou Districts of Shanghai by using a self-compiled social life questionnaire and Geriatric Depression Scale(GDS-30)during corona virus disease(COVID)-19 outbreak from 1 February to 15 February 2020.The mood fluctuations of depression and the related influencing factors were analyzed by comparing the current GDS-30 scores with the scores within previous six months.Results:Of 983 questionnaires, 867 were valid.The incidence of mild fluctuations of depression was increased from 20.9%(181/867)to 27.2%(235/867)during the public health emergencies( P<0.05), with 3 cases of newly emerged severe depression.The GDS-30 scores were higher during the public health emergencies than before the emergencies(9.88±3.85 vs.7.67±3.54, P<0.05). The four risk factors inducing fluctuations of depression in the elderly were the number of coexisted chronic diseases ≥2( P=0.036), the lack of visits or communication from families( P=0.015), the family members exposing a risk to COVID-19( P<0.01), and the daily viewing of epidemic news more than 4 h( P=0.023). Linear regression analysis showed that cough, sore throat, dizziness, sleep disturbance and dyspnea were significantly related to the aggravation of depression(based on the increase of GDS-30 score)( P<0.05). Conclusions:Public health emergencies may exacerbate depression in the elderly.They are more likely to experience the aggravation of depression when they suffer from multiple chronic diseases, lack the child visits or communications, have the family members exposing a risk to COVID-19 and pay excessive attention to the epidemic.

Objective To explore the distribution characteristics of plasma renin concentration in patients with hypertension and the possibly methodological problems.Methods The subjects including 361 patients with hypertension[male: 184 cases, average age: (45.16±13.74)years old;female: 177 cases, average age: (51.04±12.68) years old]and 187 apparent healthy individuals[male: 92 cases, average age: (46.74±13.17)years old;female: 95 cases, average age: (47.33±13.18) years old]were recruited from Departments of Healthy Check-up and outpatients for hypertension in Tangshan Gongren Hospital. The plasma renin concentration was detected by chemiluminescence-Immunoassay.Results The plasma renin concentration shows log-transformed normal distribution both in healthy group and hypertension group. The range of plasma renin concentration in hypertension group is from 0.05 to 574.07 pg/ml, while that in apparent healthy group is from 3.24 to 120.40 pg/ml. The plasma renin concentration in both groups is higher in male than female (Hypertension t=2.19,P=0.029;Healthy people t=2.85,P=0.005). The average concentration of plasma renin in hypertension group is slightly higher, and the width of density distribution is larger in comparison with healthy group although there is no significant difference between them. However, the percentage of plasma renin abnormality was 26.59% (96/361) in hypertension group with 13.85%(50/361)of low renin subtype and 12.74%(46/361)of high renin subtype ConclusionsThe plasma renin concentration measured by Chemiluminescence-Immunoassay can be used as an effective tool for hypertension screening.

Objective:To investigate the safety and clinical efficacy of laparoscopy dominated approaches to two different local resections for duodenal stromal tumors.Methods:From May 2015 to May 2021 25 duodenal stromal tumors cases were allocated to wedged resection group (8 cases) and segmental resection (17cases).Results:Compared with the segmental resection group, the operative time in the wedge resection group was significantly shorter [(202±43) min vs. (299±128) min, t=-2.814, P=0.010]. The intraoperative blood loss was 20 (10-50) ml in the wedge resection group and 30 (15-100) ml in the segmental resection group ( t=-1.128, P>0.05). Patients in the wedge resection group had a significantly shorter postoperative hospital stay, 7(9-11) days vs. 14 (10-28) days, t=-2.66, P=0.008. There was no difference in the incidence of postoperative complications and gastric emptying disorders between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:In spite of laparoscopic,robotic or open approaches, wedge resection and segmental resection based on anatomic location for duodenal stromal tumors are both safe and satisfactory.

Objective To explore the accuracy of fluid responsiveness assessment by variability of peripheral arterial peak velocity and variability of inferior vena cava diameter (ΔIVC) in patients with septic shock. Methods A prospective study was conducted. The patients with septic shock undergoing mechanical ventilation (MV) admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) of Beijing Electric Power Hospital from January 2016 to December 2017 were enrolled. According to sepsis bundles of septic shock, volume expansion (VE) was conducted. The increase in cardiac index (ΔCI) after VE ≥ 10% was defined as liquid reaction positive (responsive group), ΔCI < 10% was defined as the liquid reaction negative (non-responsive group). The hemodynamic parameters [central venous pressure (CVP), intrathoracic blood volume index (ITBVI), stroke volume variation (SVV), ΔIVC, variability of carotid Doppler peak velocity (ΔCDPV), and variability of brachial artery peak velocity (ΔVpeak-BA)] before and after VE were monitored. The correlations between the hemodynamic parameters and ΔCI were explored by Pearson correlation analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to analyze the predictive value of all hemodynamic parameters on fluid responsiveness. Results During the study, 74 patients with septic shock were included, of whom 9 were excluded because of peripheral artery stenosis, recurrent arrhythmia or abdominal distension influencing the ultrasound examination, and 65 patients were finally enrolled in the analysis. There were 31 patients in the responsive group and 34 in the non-responsive group. SVV, ΔIVC, ΔCDPV and ΔVpeak-BA before VE in responsive group were significantly higher than those of the non-responsive group [SVV: (12.3±2.4)% vs. (9.2±2.1)%, ΔIVC: (22.3±5.3)% vs. (15.5±3.7)%, ΔCDPV: (15.3±3.3)% vs. (10.3±2.4)%, ΔVpeak-BA: (14.5±3.3)% vs. (9.6±2.3)%, all P < 0.05]. There was no significant difference in CVP [mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa): 7.5±2.5 vs. 8.2±2.6] or ITBVI (mL/m2: 875.2±173.2 vs. 853.2±192.0) between the responsive group and non-responsive group (both P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in hemodynamic parameter after VE between the two groups. Correlation analysis showed that SVV, ΔIVC, ΔCDPV, and ΔVpeak-BA before VE showed significant linearity correlation with ΔCI (r value was 0.832, 0.813, 0.854, and 0.814, respectively, all P < 0.05), but no correlation was found between CVP and ΔCI (r = -0.342, P > 0.05) as well as ITBVI and ΔCI (r = -0.338, P > 0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under ROC curve (AUC) of SVV, ΔIVC, ΔCDPV, and ΔVpeak-BA before VE for predicting fluid responsiveness was 0.857, 0.826, 0.906, and 0.866, respectively, which was significantly higher than that of CVP (AUC = 0.611) and ITBVI (AUC = 0.679). When the optimal cut-off value of SVV for predicting fluid responsiveness was 11.5%, the sensitivity was 70.4%, and the specificity was 94.7%. When the optimal cut-off value of ΔIVC was 20.5%, the sensitivity was 60.3%, and the specificity was 89.7%. When the optimal cut-off value of ΔCDPV was 13.0%, the sensitivity was 75.2%, and the specificity was 94.9%. When the optimal cut-off value of ΔVpeak-BA was 12.7%, the sensitivity was 64.8%, and the specificity was 89.7%. Conclusions Ultrasound assessment of ΔIVC, ΔCDPV, and ΔVpeak-BA could predict fluid responsiveness in patients with septic shock receiving mechanical ventilation. ΔCDPV had the highest predictive value among these parameters.

Objective　To elucidate the clinical effect of continuous intraventricular intracranial pressure monitoring combined with step-by-step treatment for elderly patients with acute massive cerebral infarction.Methods　Forty-six elderly patients with acute massive cerebral infarction were selected from November 2015 to October 2019.Patients according to the research requirements were randomly divided into two groups:ICP group(n=23) and control group (n=23),ICP group was given stepwise management guided by intraventricular ICP monitoring,control group was given routine drug treatment after admission,according to patients’ consciousness and the changes in pupil signs and head CT results adjusted the treatment plan.FIM scores were observed after 3 months and complications (including abnormal coagulation function,bedsore and pneumonia).Results　FIM scores of ICP group was (90.81±6.08),and FIM scores of control group was (76.56±7.82),the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).The proportion of complications of ICP group was 17.4% (4/23),and that of control group was 78.3% (18/23),the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion　For elderly patients with acute massive cerebral infarction,intraventricular ICP monitoring with stepwise management is beneficial.Choosing appropriate treatment plan,reduced the occurrence of complications and improved the brain function of patients.

Objective:To evaluate the prognostic effects of gradient boosting machine (GBM) model on the short-term effects of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation.Methods:Clinical data and outcomes of 475 patients who underwent PELD surgery for single-segment lumbar disc herniation from October 2016 to March 2018 were retrospectively collected. The lumbar JOA score was used as a reference for the evaluation of curative effects. The improvement rate ≥50% was considered as good curative effects, while <50% was considered as poor curative effects. GBM model and multivariate Logistic regression model were utilized to screen out the influencing factors of the short-term clinical effects of PELD. Prognostic models were established, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn and compared. Sensitivity, specificity and Youden index were compared to evaluate the predictive performance of GBM model.Results:A total of 395 patients were followed up effectively for 24 months. There were 347 patients (87.8%) with good curative effects. However, forty-eight patients (12.2%) had poor curative effects. There were statistically differences in the lumbar JOA score improvement rates between the groups in regards to age, location and type of herniated disc, degeneration level of intervertebral disc and facet joint in surgical segment, sagittal diameter of the protrusion and whether or not there was calcification, onset time to the surgery time period and degeneration level of intervertebral disc in adjacent segment ( P<0.05). The results of multivariate analysis showed that patients with age ≥60 [ OR=9.15, 95% CI(4.04, 20.73), P<0.001] and with larger sagittal diameter of the protrusion [ OR=1.37, 95% CI(1.18, 1.58), P<0.001] were more likely to have a poor prognosis. Patients with unilateral disc herniation had a better prognosis than the extreme lateral type [ OR=0.17, 95% CI(0.06, 0.55), P=0.003]. The prognoses of patients with grade Ⅲ intervertebral disc degeneration in surgical segment were worse than those with grade Ⅱ [ OR=0.17, 95% CI(0.04, 0.70), P=0.014]. The prognoses of patients with grade Ⅲ intervertebral disc degeneration in adjacent segment were worse than those with grade Ⅱ [ OR=0.29, 95% CI(0.10, 0.81), P=0.018]. The AUC predicted by GBM model was 0.92 [95% CI(0.77, 0.96)] with 93.46% sensitivity, 83.33% specificity and 0.77 Youden index. The above parameters were higher than those by the Logistic regression model. The predictive effects of the two models were both statistically significant ( P<0.001). The AUC values of the two models were also statistically significant ( Z=0.11, P<0.001). Conclusion:GBM model is better than multivariate logistic regression analysis model in predicting the short-term clinical effects of PELD in treating lumbar disc herniation.

Objective:To provide reference for establishing the testing method for quality control of neutron beam in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) equipment in China by testing the radiation characteristic parameters and dosimetry characteristic parameters of epithermal neutron beam in hospital neutron irradiator (IHNI).Methods:By comparing the uncertainties in the result of various test items with the deviation values recommended by the European Joint Research Center (EC-JRC), the feasibility of the relevant of testing method was analyzed and evaluated.Results:The uncertainty in epithermal neutron fluence rate was 2.7%. The uncertainty in ratio of thermal to epithermal neutron fluence rate was 3.1%. The uncertainty in ratio of fast neutron air kerma to epithermal neutron fluence rate was 9.3%. The uncertainty in ratio of gamma air kerma to epithermal neutron fluence rate was 8.7%. The uncertainty in spatial distribution of neutron fluence rate was 2.7%. The uncertainty in thermal neutron fluence rate in phantom was 1.8%. The uncertainty in neutron and gamma-ray dose rate in phantom was 17.1% and 4.0%, respectively.Conclusions:The uncertainty in neutron dose rate measurement result in phantom is higher, and further research is needed to improve the accuracy of the testing method. The uncertainty in the measurement result of other test items is lower, and the accuracy of the test result is expected to meet the allowable deviation value recommended by the European Joint Research Center, and the test method is feasible.

Objective To analyze the PrP protein expression and the clinical degrees and pathological grade of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.Methods Immunohistochemistry technique was used to test the PrP protein expression in the 92 head and neck squamous cell carcinomas cases.SPSS software was used to analyze the relationship between the PrP protein and the clinical degrees and pathological grade of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.Results In the 92 head and neck squamous cell carcinomas cases,the positive rate of PrP protein was different with the sites of the carcinomas,the clinical degree and the pathological grade.Conclusion High expression of PrP protein related with the occurrence and development of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.

Objective:To observe the expression and clinical significance of galectin-3 and HPV16/18-E6 proteins in laryngeal carcinoma patients.Methods:Immunohistochemistry and Western blot method were used to observe the expressions of galectin-3 protein and HPV16/18-E6 protein in laryngeal carcinoma tissues of 60 patients. SAS 9.4 software was used to analyze the relationship between the galectin-3 protein and the clinical stage severity, pathological grades and lymph node metastasis in all the cases. Results:The result of immunohistochemical examinations showed that the positive rate of galectin-3 protein expression was 78.3% (47/60), and the Western blot result showed that the galectin-3 protein expression in tumor tissues was significantly higher than that in adjacent normal tissues. Statistical analysis showed that galectin-3 expression was correlated with the severity of clinical staging, differentiation of the tumor and lymph node metastasis of laryngeal cancer. There was no correlation between the expression of galectin-3 protein and the 16/18-E6 protein of human papillomavirus.Conclusions:The expression of galectin-3 protein showed a gradually increasing trend with the aggravation of the clinical severity of laryngeal carcinoma, providing certain experimental data for the early diagnosis and treatment of laryngeal cancer.