Studies have shown that the type 2 inflammatory response and related cytokines such as interleukin-4 and -13, play a key role in atopic dermatitis (AD) . Th2 cells and type 2 cytokines are the core factors in the type 2 inflammatory response, which is mainly involved in the pathogenesis of AD through 3 pathways: aggravating skin barrier defects; activating and strengthening the itching response; pathologically reprograming regulatory T cells into Th2-like regulatory T cells to amplify the type 2 inflammatory response. This review explores the relationship between the type 2 inflammatory response and AD, aiming to help optimize treatment regimens and provide new treatment options for patients with AD.

Objective To investigate the reliability of the integrated method for kinetic assay of substrate in the presence of product inhibition using glutathione-S-transferase(GST) as model.Methods Purified GST from pig liver was used to catalyze the conjugation of reduced glutathione(GSH) to 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene(CDNB)(final concentration at 1.0mmol/L),and reaction curve was monitored by product absorbance at 340nm.Maximal product absorbance after the completion of reaction was predicted by the integrated method.Results The optimization of product inhibition constant conferred to resistance to the variation of residual substrate concentration on the estimation of maximal product absorbance.This integrated method for kinetic substrate assay was also resistant to common source of errors.The recovery for extra GSH in rat liver homogenate was above 98% with linear response ranged from 2.0?mol/L to 90 ?mol/L.The concentration of GSH in rat liver was consistent to previous reports.Conclusion The integrated method is valid for kinetic assay of substrate when there is product inhibition,and it exhibits some universality as a kinetic method for enzymatic analysis with obvious advantages.

Objective:To explore the mechanisms by which DNA methylation regulates miR-126 and its host gene EGFL7 in CD4+T cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
Methods:We analyzed the expression and the DNA methylation status within promoter region of EGFL7 and miR-126 by real-time qPCR and bisulifte genomic sequencing analysis.
Results:miR-126 and EGFL7 mRNA expression was upregulated in CD4+T cells from SLE compared with that from healthy controls (P<0.01). EGFL7 mRNA level was positively correlated with miR-126 expression in CD4+T cells from SLE (r=0.538, P=0.015). The average methylation level of EGFL7 promoter in CD4+T cells from SLE was lower than that from healthy controls (P<0.05).
Conclusion:hTe upregulation of miR-126 and its host gene EGFL7 expression in CD4+T cells from SLE is associated with the hypomethylation of the EGFL7 promoter.

Objective To investigate the MRI features of male urogenital diaphragm.Methods A total of 4 pelvic specimens of healthy male cadaver and 15 healthy male volunteers underwent pelvic MRI examination.All MRI scan images were analyzed to approach the urogenital diaphragm structure both in corpse and the MRI images.Results The normal urogenital diaphragm of cadavem connected to ramus inferior ossis pubis and ischiadic ramus.There were three layers inside the urogenital diaphragm,including superior fascia of urogenital diaphragm,inferior fascia of urogenital diaphragm and deep transverse muscle of perineum.MRI imaging showed the coronal was the best location to exhibit the urogenital diaphragm,and all of the structure appeared like sandwich.In the images of the diaphragm of the volunteers also exhibited like sandwich,and the three layers are moderate signal in MRI.Ten volunteers were given the fat-depresstion and high resolution scan of T2WI in small ROI,and the structure could be seen much clearly.Fat-depresstion and high resolution scan of T2WI in small ROI was the best sequence to exhibit the urogenital diaphragm.Coronal location of the structure appeared like sandwich.Conclusion MRI is a good way to show urogenital diaphragm,and high resolution scan of T2WI in small ROI can show the structure much clearer.

OBJECTIVE To discuss the efficiency method of improving consciousness and action for occupational infection protection among grass root medical staff.METHODS To conduct multiform health education,found restrict system,inspect and supervise,optimize protection flow,consummate protection establishment,and strengthen important link management in key departments in order to realize the system intervention among grass root medical staff.RESULTS Due to the system intervenion,the understanding rate of occupational infection protection knowledge improved from 48% to 96%,the average rate of occupational infection protection improved from 56.6% to 97.7% with significant differences(P

0.05).The incidence of adverse events was low and similar in each group. CONCLUSIONS Rifaximin is a safe and effective alternative to ciprofloxacin in the treatment of acute infectious diarrhea in adults.

Objective To evaluate combination of cholcdochoscopy or duodenoscopy with therapeutic laparoscopy (LCDCS) in treatment of detail choledochus stones. Methods Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was firstly performed and followed by choledochoscopy or duodenoscopy. Procedures of therapeutic choledochoscopy were as follows: choledochoscopic exploration via cystic duct remnant, choledochotomy, electrohydralic lithothipsy, drainage of bile duct with ureteral catheter via cystic duct remnant, T-tube drainage, or the suture of duct incision. Procedures of therapeutic duodenoscopy were as follows: access to the common bile duct and duodenum through ureteric catheter and zebra guidewire via cholecystic duct remnant, duodenoscopy via oral cavity into the duodenum papilla, papillotomy with needle-knife or arch-like electro-knife along the ureteric catheter or zebra guidewire, and stone clearance in the common bile duct with the reticulation and balloon of duodenescopy. Results Combination therapy were given to 191 cholelithiasis patients with detail choledochus stones. Combined choledochoscopy were performed in 117 patients. Stones were completely removed and average operation time was 114 min. Bile leakage occurred in 7 cases, but was cured with drainage. Postoperative imaging showed 2 cases of bile duct stenosis at primary closure of duct incision. Combined duodenescopic procedures were performed in 74 patients. Papillotomy and stone clearance were successfully performed in 68 patients, 5 others of whom underwent successful papillotomy only, and another underwent other operations. Average operation time was 97 min. Post-operation mild acut pancreatitis developed in 6 patients. No perforation of intestine or bile duct, bleeding, severe pancreatitis, or death was observed in each group. Conclusion LCDCS was safe and effective with appropriate indications.

Objective To explore the operative methods and indications of duodenoscopic papillotomy during the course of operation(IEPT)for cholelithiasis.Methods Cholecystectomy was firstly conducted under the condition of laparoscopy or open laparotomy.For the gross choledochus,the common bile duct was cut open to clear the stones.The ureteric catheter and zebra guidewire were inserted into the common bile duct and duodenum.Then they were inserted via duodenoscopy into thepapillum of duodenum.The papillary stenosis was removed with electro-knife by pin-head-like and arch-like to track along the ureteric catheter and zebra guidewire.For the tiny choledochus,the ureterie catheter and zebra guidewire were inserted via the cholecystic duct remnant into the common bile duct and duodenum.Then they were inserted via duodenoscopy to perform papillotomy to clear the stones of the common bile duct with the reticulation and the balloon of duodenoscopy.Results Forthe gross choledochus,IEPT in laparoscopy was successful in 45 cases and the other 2 received other operation.IEPT in open laparotomy was successful in 5 cases.For the tiny choledochus,IEPT in laparoscopy was successful in 73 cases and the other 1 underwent other operation.IEPT in open laparotomy was successfulin 2 cases.Conclusion If patients are suitable,IEPT is safe and effective in the hands of skilled endoscopiests for laparoscopy and open laparotomy.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of dural tenting suture and epidural drainage in craniotomy. Methods In 145 cases of intracranial lesions, dural tenting suture and epidural drainage were performed to prevent epidural hematoma. Results Postoperative computed tomography (CT) showed no epidural hematoma required surgery in both groups. Conclusion Both dural tenting suture and epidural drainage are effective in preventing epidural hematoma. Hemostasis is the key step. Dural tenting suture without epidural drainage relieves psychological stress. It decreases the risk of intracranial infection and avoids some unusual complications.

Objective To analyse the routes and MRI characteristics of disseminated intracranial gliomas after operation. Methods 10 patients of intracranial gliomas confirmed by pathology and intracranial dissemination after operation underwent MRI examina-tions including T_1 WI, FSE T_2 WI, FLAIR and fat-suppressed T_1 WI after intravenous injection of Gd-DTPA. In addition, 4 cases were also examinated with DWI, 1 case with SWI and DTI. Results In 10 cases,there were glioblastoma in 7 cases,grade Ⅱ astro-cytoma in 2 and grade Ⅲ astrocytoma in one. The disseminated tumors were found by MRI in 4 to 56 months after operation. The le-sions in all patients were confirmed with the comparison of contrast-enhanced MRI positive signs between preoperation and post-operation. Plain MR scanning showed line-like thicking with isointensity in 1/7 case/time (C/T)and multiple noduli in 5/7 (C/T) on T_1 WI respectively;shallowed cortical sulci and cistern in 2/7(C/T) and nodular in 5/7(C/T) on T_2 WI;shaUowed cortical aulci and cistern in 2/7 (C/T) and nodular in 6/7(C/T) on FLAIR. The signal intensity of noduli of disseminated tumors in 7 cases were in complete consistency with that of primary neoplasm , however, in 3 cases, it was inconsistent. Enhanced scanning showed 7 ca-ses with the signs of line-like thicking, 7 cases with noduli , 6 cases with :cast-like shape" sign and 6 cases with different extent of hydrocephalus. Conclusion Enhanced MRI can be used as a most useful and reliable monitoring tools for detecting dissemination of brain glioma.