The research hot spots and development in domestic neurology were analyzed by co-words analysis, visual analysis and the combination of them, which showed that the co-occurrence relation between high frequency words could display the structure and hot spots of subject headings in neurology, analysis of the cluster evolution and position could dynamically reveal the hot spots and development in neurology, and comprehensive analysis of words and their classes could directly and overall demonstrate the hot spots and development in neurology.

The research frontiers in foreign medical informatics were analyzed according to the co-occurrence net-work map, hotspots density map and cluster tree map that were plotted for the PubMed-covered scientific papers on medical informatics from 2010 to 2014 , which showed that the research frontiers in foreign medical informatics were the natural language processing and data mining of electronic health records, medical decision-making assistant system, computer-aided drug therapy, clinical decision-making support, health service attitude, health service quality, health service model, medical records system and its linkage, information system and its integration.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship of the expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) in nasal polyps tissues and the Th2 inflammatory response. METHOD: Sixty patients with nasal polyps were collect ed. The immunohistochemical staining method was used to detect the expression of TSLP in nasal polyps tissues and ELISA method to the expression of IL-4, IL-5, IFN-gamma, IL-13 and analyzed the correlation between them. RESULT: The expression of TSLP in nasal polyp tissues was higher than that in normal inferior turbinate mucosa (P < 0.05). The expression level of IL-4, IL-5, IFN-gamma and IL-13 in nasal polyps tissues were significantly higher than those in control group (P < 0.05). TSLP staining was a statistically significant positive correlation with IL-4, IL5 and IL-13 (r = 0.475, 0.594 and 0.582, respectively, P < 0.01), while inverse correlation with IFN-gamma (r = -0.614, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The high expression of TSLP might promote T cell differentiation towards Th2, and participated in the occurrence/development of nasal polyps, aggravated the nose Th2 inflammatory response.
Adult ; Cytokines ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma ; metabolism ; Interleukin-13 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-4 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-5 ; metabolism ; Male ; Nasal Polyps ; immunology ; metabolism ; Th2 Cells ; immunology ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the CT imaging features of pneumonic type Bronchio-loalveolar carcinoma(BAC) and the value of CT-guided percutaneous puncture biopsy in pneumonic type BAC.Methods Twenty-five cases of suspected pneumonic type BAC were biopsied with CT-guided percutaneous puncture.GE 64-slices plain and post contrast CT scans were performed in all patients.Two radiologists finished imaging determination.Site of puncture was selected in suspicious areas of the tumor.The negative pressure aspiration needle were used to be biopsy in the ideal location after vertically into the needle and again performed CT scanning were performed to observe the complications such as hemorrhage,pneumothorax.Specimens were fixed by formalin.Results Twenty-five samples were successfully got from 25 patients.Pathology data showed that 14 cases were pneumonia with BAC,6 cases with pneumonia,2 cases with offungus infection,and 3 cases with caseous pneumonia.Of 14 cases (71.4％) with pneumonia type BAC,CT images of 10 cases showed air bronchogram of lung tissue,5 cases(35.7％) with alveolar gas cavity or cavity of lung tissue,5 cases(35.7％) with ground glass opacity and multiple nodules.Enhanced CT scanning the area of consolidation showed that 11 cases(78.6％) were with mixed low density area angiography and the mean peak time was 90 s,9 cases (64.2％) were with the time density curve of speed up and slow down type.Conclusion The method of CT guided lung biopsy combined with typical imaging findings can enhance early diagnosis rate of pneumonia type BAC.Meanwhile CT feature of pneumonia type BAC shows honeycomb air cavity,void,angiographic sign,dead branches syndrome,multiple peripheral acinar nodules and ground glass density.Enhanced scan area of consolidation shows visible angiogran sign,slow drop type of time density curve of a fast rise.

Objective To investigate the relationship between polymorphism of interleukin-1β(IL-1β)-31,-511C/T and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Methods Two hundred and sixty patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were selected as our subjects who were hospitalized in General Hospital of Kailuan from January 2009 to June 2012.At same time,the 260 healthy controls were recruited in medical examine center.The data was collected by the physical examination and a unified questionnaire.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the level of IL-1β in serum.Polymerize chain reaction-Restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RLFP) was used to detect the genotypes of IL-1β (-31,-511).Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the relations between risk factors with susceptibility of COPD.Results The level of serum IL-1β was (3.92 ± 0.42) μg/L in COPD group,higher than that in control group ((2.69 ± 0.11) μg/L,t =12.889,P ＜ 0.001).The frequency of genotype of IL-1β-31 site in COPD group were 20.8％ (54/260) for TT,58.1％ (151/260) for CT and 21.2％ (55/260) for CC respectively.Meanwhile IL-1β-31 genotype rate were 19.2％ (50/260),58.8％ (153/260) and 21.9％ (57/260) respectively in control group and no significant difference was found between two groups (x2 =0.203,P =0.904).The frequency of genotype of IL-1β-511 site were 20.0％ (52/260) for CC,63.1％ (164/260) for CT and 16.9％ (44/260) for TT in COPD group.The three genotype rate in control group were 21.9％ (57/260),60.8％ (158/260) and 17.3％ (45/260) respectively,and no significant difference was found between two groups (x2 =0.352,P =0.838).Moreover there was also no significant difference in terms of gender(P ＞ 0.05)Conclusion The concentration of IL-1β in serum in COPD group was higher than in control group.The polymorphism of-31 and-511 were proved non association with COPD.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value and relationship between the serum levels of the Pro-gastrin-releasing peptide 31-98 (ProGRP) , neuron-specific enolase NSE and the different pathohistology types of lung cancer. Methods 353 lung cancer patients were divided into two groups according to pathohistology types: SCLC group( n = 96), NSCLC group( n = 257). 90 lung benign lesion were taken as control group. ProGRP and neu-ron specific enolase in all patients were detected by ELISA. The levels of the ProGRP, NSE and the clinical value were compared among lung cancer,lung benign lesion patients and the different pathohistology types of lung cancer patients . Results The levels of the ProGRP and NSE of SCLC and NSCLC group were higher obviously than that of lung benign lesion( P <0.01 ). In SCLC diagnosis, the sensitivity, specificity, Youden index and Kappa value of the ProGRP and NSE were O. 7708,0. 9444,0. 7153,0.7111 and 0. 7604,0. 8778 ,0. 6382 ,0. 6355 in the monomial de-tection ; Those indexes above were 0.7604,0. 9667,0.7271 and 0. 7221 in combined assay of ProGRP + NSE( on se-quence test) ; and were O. 8229,0.9000,0. 7229 and 0. 7209 in combined assay of ProGRP + NSE( on parallell test). In NSCLC diagnosis,the above indexes were all lower. Conclusions in SCLC diagnosis,the detection of the serum ProGRP is superior to the detection of NSE, the combined assay of ProGRP + NSE (on parallell test) and Pro-GRP + NSE( on sequence test) are superior to the monomial detection of the ProGRP or NSE,and the combined as-say of ProGRP + NSE(on parallell test) is superiro to ProGRP + NSE(on sequence test) ; The diagnosis value of the monomial arid united detection of ProGRP and NSE to NSCLC is not as expected.

Objective To study the relationship and clinical significance of the serum level of Pro-gastrinreleasing peptide31-98 (ProGRP)and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for small cell lung cancer of different TNM staging.Methods 96 cases of SCLC with definite pathohistological typing were divided into stage Ⅰ～Ⅱ SCLC group (n=30),stage ⅢSCLC group (n=31),stage IVSCLC group (n=35),and the benign cases (n=90)were taken as control.Using enzyme-linked immunoserbent assay ( ELISA),the serum levels of ProGRP and bronchoalveolar layage fluid of all patients were detected,meanwhile the neuronspecific enolase were served as controls.The relation between serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid ProGRP level and small cell lung cancer of different TNM staging was analyzed.Results The serum level of ProGRP in stage Ⅰ～Ⅱ SCLC group,stage Ⅲ SCLC group,stage Ⅳ SCLC group,and the benign group were (295.33±118.56),(421.13±196.66),(758.76±326.19)and (29.68±16.32)μg/mol,respectively (P＜0.01 ).The level in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid ProGRP were ( 516.67 ±208.45),( 1170.55±414.65 ),( 1739.12±696.08 )and (49.23±22.50)μg/mol,respectively (P＜0.01 ).The serum level of NSE in stage Ⅰ～Ⅱ SCLC group,stage Ⅲ SCLC group,stage Ⅳ SCLC group,and the benign group were (10.36±6.76),(24.19±10.88 ),(35.76±17.30)and (9.70 ±5.28)mg/mol.The level in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid NSE were (16.66±11.62),(45.47±20.74),(65.18±29.87)and (9.70±5.28)mg/mol,respectively (P＜0.01).The positive rate of serum ProGRP in stage Ⅰ～Ⅱ SCLC group,stage Ⅲ SCLC group,stage Ⅳ SCLC group,and the benign group were 0.6000,0.7097,0.8286 and 0.0667 ,respectively(P＜0.01).The positive rate in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid ProGRP were 0.6333,0.7419,0.8571 and 0.0444,respectively (P＜0.01).The positive rate of serum NSE in stage Ⅰ～Ⅱ SCLC group,stage Ⅲ SCLC group ,stage Ⅳ SCLC group,and the benign group were 0.2333,0.6774,0.8000 and 0.2222.The positive rate in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid NSE were 0.2667,0.7097,0.8286 and 0.2667 ,respectively(P＜0.01 ).Both the ProGRP level and positive rate in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were obviously higher in stage Ⅰ～Ⅱ,Ⅲ,and Ⅳ SCLC group than in benign group (P＜0.01 ),both the ProGRP and NSE level and positive rate in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were obviously higher than that in the serum.The positive rate in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid ProGRP in stage Ⅰ～Ⅱ SCLC group were obviously higher than that in the NSE (P＜0.01),but there was no significant difference in stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ SCLC group.Conclusion ProGRP level in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid have great value to the diagnosis and clinical stages of SCLC,especially the early diagnosis,ProGRP is better than NSE;As to the diagnosis of small cell lung cancer of different TNM staging,ProGRP detection in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid is better than in serum.

Objective To explore the features of echocardiographic partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC) with intact interatrial septum. Methods Three patients with intact interatrial septum of PAPVC were examined by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) using HP Sonos 5500 color Doppler machine. Imaging was performed at a frequency of 2～4 MHz, or 12 MHz. Results Accuracy of the diagnosis by TTE was 100 %. The patients had isolated PAPVC. The connection site was the coronary sinus in two, right atrium in one. There was a single anomalous connection vein in one patient, two in the others. Apparent right heart dilation was found in all the patients. Conclusion Unexplained right heart volume overload that was examined by TTE should have a high-degree suspicion for PAPVC. The origin site of pulmonary veins and their flow should be examined routinely. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and TTE are complementary in the diagnosis.

36 cases of primary liver cancer and 17 cases of benign spaceoccupying lesions were studied with color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) and ultrasonic pulsed Doppler. Among the 36 cases of primary hepatic carcinoma, abnormal color blood flow around tumor nodules was observed in 34 cases (94.4%), and blood flow within the tumors was seen in 30(83.3%). When the blood flow was demonstrated, it showed a pulsating wave pattern in all cases. The blood flow within the tumors also showed a pulsating wave pattern in all but one. These characteristics were found in most of the primary hepatic carcinomas but not in benign space-occupying lesions. So color Doppler flow imaging is useful in the differential diagnosis of hepatic tumors.

In the past ten years, 52 patients with double-chambered right ventricle (DCRV) were operated on in Xijing Hospital. They constituted 2.2% (52/1881) of all patients with congenital heart diseases. Of them, there were 32 males and 20 females, whose ages ranged from 4.5 to 30 years old. In one patient there was pure DCRV, and the remaining 51 patients DCRV was associated with other congenital cardiac anomalies, in which VSD was the most common (50), followed in order by pulmonary stenosis (6), aortic valve prolapse (4), atrial septal defect (2), and subaortic stenosis (1). The repair of DCRV and other intracardiac defects was done through the right ventricolotomy in 47 cases and through the right ventricolotomy plus atriotomy in 2 cases. In another 2 cases the operation was done via the right atriotomy and 1 case pulmonary arteriotomy, and only VSDs were closed, but DCRVs were missed. The major postoperative complications included cardiac arrhythmia (11) and low output syndrome (8). Three patients died, with the operative mortality of 5.8%. In this series, according to characteristics of the anomalous muscle bundle and its resulting obstruction, we divided 52 case DCRVs into two types: fibromuscular diaphragmatic type (24 cases, 44.7%) and muscular bundle-gap type (28 cases, 55.7%). In both types, there were not only hypertrophied anmalous muscle bundles on the septal side, but also hypertro-phied ventricoinfundibulum fold on the parietal side. In a few cases, the ventricoinfundibulum fold was more hypertrophic than the anomalous muscle bundle on the septal side.