Calbindin-D28k (CB), calretinin (CR) and parvalbumin (PV) are the most common calcium-binding proteins (CaBPs). In the present study, FOS immunoreactivity was first induced in neurons of the medullary dorsal horn (MDH) of the rat by noxious orofacial stimulation; CaBPs (CB, CR and PV) in these neurons were then identified by imumunofluorescence histochemistry, and then, in addition, afferents to CaBPs/FOS double-labeled neurons were showed by immunofluorescence histochemical staining for the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) , glycine transporter 2 (GlyT2) , enkephalin (ENK) , serotonin (5-HT) or substance P (SP). Under the light microscope,we observed that: (1) neuronal cell bodies exhibiting FOS-immunoreactivity were present throughout all laminae of the MOH, with the highest concentration in lamina Ⅱ; (2) most CB-, CR- and PV-immunoreactive (IR) neurons were located in lamina Ⅱ , but some were also encountered in laminae Ⅰ and Ⅲ; (3) 5-HT-, GABA-, GlyT2-, ENK- and SP-IR fibers and terminals were also chiefly located in laminae Ⅰ and Ⅱ of the MDH; (4) some FOS-IR neurons showed CB-, CR-, or PV-immunoreactivity; (5) 5-HT-, GABA-, GlyT2- and ENK-IR terminals made close contacts with FOS/CB, FOS/CR or FOS/PV double-labeled neurons; (6) SP-IR terminals, as well as 5-HT-, GABA-, GlyT2- or ENK-IR terminals, closely contacted CB-, CR- or PV-containing neurons. Under the electron microscope, 5-HT-, GABA-, GlyT2- and ENK-IR terminals principally made symmetric (inhibitory) synaptic connections with CB-, CR- and PV-containing neurons were observed. These results suggest that 5-HT, GABA, glycine (Gly) and ENK may modulate transmission of orofacial noxious information by inhibiting nociceptive neurons that contain CaBPs in the rat MDH.

Objective　To observe the ER ultrastructures in humn embryonic epithelial cells of colonic mucosa、renal tubule and hepatocytes and also their alterations in embryogenesis.Methods　Transmission electromicroscopy technique.Results　With the embryonic development, the ER increased in amount, became complex in structure and with its characteristic ER structures in different cells. Conclusion　The changes of ER structures are one of the characters during cell differentiation.

After injecting retrograde tracer fiuoro-gold (FG) into the parabrachial region(PB), caudal ventrolateral medulla(CVLM) and the fourth segment of cervical spinal cord (C4), respectively, neurons in laminae I ～ Ⅱ of the medullary dorsalhorn projecting to the above mentioned brain areas were observed. PB received projections from bilateral laminae I and Ⅱ withan ipsilateral dominance; CVLM and C4 received projections from ipsilateral laminae I and Ⅱ. Neurons projecting to C4 werevery sparsely distributed in laminae I and Ⅱ of the medullary dorsal horn. The projecting neurons in outer part of lamina Ⅱwere more than those in inner part of lamina Ⅱ . Combined with immunofluorescence histochemistry for calbindin-D28k(CB) andparvalbumin(PV), it was demonstrated that a part of neurons projecting to PB or CVLM showed CB-like immunoreactivity, butnone of them exhibited PV-like immunoreactivity. There were only a few neurons in lamina Ⅱ projecting to C4 and they exhibitedneither CB- nor PV-like immunoreactivity. The present study provides further evidence for the existence of projecting neurons inlamina Ⅱ and suggests that immunostaining against CB and PV may distinguish two neuronal subpopulations in lamina Ⅱ .

Objective To observe the distribution of protein kinase C? subunit(PKC?) in the rat nervous system. Methods Immunocytochemical staining for PKC? by using specific antibody against PKC? was performed. Results Intensely and densely stained PKC? immunoreactive neurons were mainly observed in the cerebral cortex,hippocampus,amygdaloid complex,cerebellar cortex, ventral and dorsal cochlear nuclei, caudal spinal trigeminal nucleus and the superficial layers of the spinal dorsal horn.Conclusion\ PKC?\|containing neurons are widely located in the rat nervous system.These results provide morphological evidence for the functional roles of PKC? in the signaling transduction of the nervous system.\;[

Objective To observe the morphologic features of neurons labeled with green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene recombinant Sindibis virus in the deep part of lamina Ⅲ in the medullary dorsal horn (MDH) of the rat. Methods Neurons were infected and labeled with GFP gene recombinant Sindibis virus injected into lamina Ⅲ.Immunohistchemical staining showed the labeling results.The morphologic features of the GFP labeled neurons were revealed after reconstruction. Results A few GFP-labeled single neurons were found in the distal portions away from the virus injection site within the deep part of lamina Ⅲ of the MDH.According to the morphological features,especially their axons and axonal collaterals,GFP labeled neurons were classified into projection neurons and intrinsic neurons.The axons and their collaterals of the projection neurons entered to the superficial part of lamina Ⅲ,lamina Ⅱ and/or the medullary reticular formation.Most of the axons and their collaterals of the intrinsic neurons extended mainly within lamina Ⅲ.Conclusions According to the morphological features of axons and their axonal collaterals,GFP labeled neurons were classified into projection neurons and intrinsic neurons in the deep part of lamina Ⅲ of the MDH.GFP gene recombinant virus labeling technique is an effective method to investigate the morphological features of neurons.

Objective To study anticardiolipin antibody(ACLA)in elderly patients with essential hypertension(EH)and to investigate the influence of valsarta on the function of vascular endothelium.Methods The levels of ACLA were measured by an enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay in 120 patients with EH and 30 healthy controls.All parameters were compared in the EH patients with different stratification.Sixty elderly hypertension patients were treated with valsarta for 6 weeks of with the dose range from 80 to 160 mg/d and compared with 60 healthy elderly people before and after treatment by measuring the levels of ACLA.Results The concentration of ACLA were significantly higher in patients with risk,higher risk and very high risk group than those in healthy control group and patients with low risk group(P0.05).After 6 weeks of treatment with valsarta,systolic and diastolic pressures remarkably decreased and the levels of ACLA were decreased significantly;the higher the degree,the more notable the change of ACLA.Conclusion The patients with EH might have self-immunity.The results suggest that circulating ACLA might have clinical significance in forecasting the severity of EH.Valsarta is effective in treating hypertension,which may improve the function of vascular endothelium.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of ultrasound guided injection of embryonic inactivation in the treatment of ectopic pregnancy.Methods Eighty cases of ectopic pregnancy were selected in the Second Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical College from June 2011 to June 2014, in accordance with the order of admission, they were divided into two group of each 40 cases.The control group carries on the conservative treatment, intramuscular injection of methotrexate (MTX) , while the observation group in transvaginal ultrasonography guided implantation of MTX.The curative effect of two groups was Compared.Results The observation group effective rate of the treatment was 92.5％ (37/40), significantly higher than that of control group(62.5％ (25/40) ,x2=10.32 ,P＜0.01).The patients of two groups with no due mass rupture and transit operation.The observation group mass less than or equal to 2 cm disappear time required was (15.4±2.6) d,significantly shorter in the control group((27.1±3)d,t=18.64,P＜0.01).Serum β-human chorionic gonadotropin decreased to normal time required was (13.7±6.1)d, significantly lower than that of the control group((18.4±7.2) d,t=3.15 ,P＜0.01).The adverse reaction rate in the observation group was 10％ (4/40), significantly lower than that of the control group (32.5％ (13/40), P =0.028).Conclusion Ultrasound guided injection of embryonic inactivation treatment for ectopic pregnancy have curative effect, can effectively improve the clinical symptoms and reduce adverse reaction.

Objective\ To observe the expression of 5\|HT 1A and 5\|HT 2A receptor mRNAs in the rat spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion(DRG). Methods\ In situ hybridization histochemical technique. Results\ (1)5\|HT\-\{1A\} receptor mRNA positive neurons were found in all laminae of the gray matter,mainly in the superficial laminae(laminae Ⅰ and Ⅱ),laminae Ⅲ and Ⅳ of the dorsal horn.Scattered positive neurons were also observed in laminae Ⅴ\|Ⅶ and Ⅹ.Very few positive signals were found in the ventral horn(lamnina Ⅸ);(2)5\|HT\-\{2A\} receptor mRNA positive neurons were mainly found in the superficial laminae and ventral horn,while sparsely distributed positive neurons were also located in other laminae.Within the DRG:(1)About 10\^4% of the total DRG cells were labeled with 5\|HT 1A receptor mRNA.The positive signals were mainly confined to a subpopulation of small\| and medium\|sized cells;(2)About 17\^4% of the total DRG cells were labeled with 5\|HT 2A receptor mRNA,most of them were also small\| and medium\|sized cells. Conclusions\ 5\|HT 1A and 5\|HT 2A receptor mRNAs positive neurons distributed heterogeneously in the rat spinal cord and DRG, they may play important roles for 5\|HT in the analgesic effects at the spinal level and nociception in the periphery.\;

Objective To examine the projection of protein kinase C? isoform(PKC?)\|immunoreactive neurons from the medullary and spinal dorsal horns to the midbrain periaqueductal gray(PAG) in the rat. Methods By using fluoro\|gold(FG) retrograde tracing combined with immunofluorescence histochemical staining for PKC?. Results PKC?\|immunoreactive neurons were observed in laminae Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ of the medullary and spinal dorsal horns and lateral spinal nucleus.After injecting FG into the PAG,FG retrogradely labeled neurons were also mainly found in laminae Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ of the medullary and spinal dorsal horns and lateral spinal nucleus.Some of these FG\|labeled neurons in laminae Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ of the medullary and spinal dorsal horns and lateral spinal nucleus exhibited PKC?\|immunoreactivities.Conclusion\ PKC?\|immunoreactive neurons in the medullary and spinal dorsal horns might be involved in the transmission of nociceptive information from the medullary and spinal dorsal horns to the PAG.\;[

Objective To investigate the spatio-temporal expression of P2X3 receptor ( P2X3R) in rats with diabetic mechanical allodynia ( DMA ) .Methods DMA model in rats was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin ( STZ) .The von Frey filaments were applied to identify the changes of the paw withdrawal threshold ( PWT) in DMA rats.Immunofluorescence was employed to detect the spatio-temporal expression of P2X3R in the spinal dorsal horn (SDH), dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and hind paw skin on different time points after intraperitoneal injection of STZ , respectively.The protein expression of P2X3R in SDH and DRG was further semi-quantitatively analyzed by Western blotting.Results Compared with control group , intraperitoneal injection STZ induced significant mechanical allodynia indicated by the reduced PWT from 7 days, and which reached the peak on 14d and maintained to 28days (P<0.05). The expression of P2X3R in DRG neurons was significantly increased on 14 days and 21 days (P<0.05), while that in SDH and skin was markedly increased on 21 days and 28 days, compared with control group (P<0.05).Conclusion With the progress of DMA, the expression of P2X3R was significantly increased in the SDH, DRG and skin, which was almost parallel with the mechanical allodynia , but the changes in SDH and skin were 1 week later than that in DRG .These results suggest that P2X3R may play a key role in the maintenance of the DMA .