Objective To analyze the efficacy of kaolin intake amount as an index for motion sickness (MS)induced by different motion patterns stimulating the vestibular receptors of rats.Methods Rats were randomly divided into 5 groups.Three groups were subjected to one of the following stimulations,respectively-linear acceleration along either the interaural axis(IA)or body axis (AP),and double rotation(DR)stimulation.Other 2 groups were used as control.Kaolin intake was recorded for consecutive 6 d,3 d before and 3 d after stimulation,and the data were statistically analyzed.Results It was found that:1)following IA,AP and DR stimulations,25%,17% and 58% of the rats in each group increased mean kaolin intake by 1 g in the 3 d phase post-stimulation compared with that in the same duration of pre-stimulation,respectively;2)in contrast to some prewous reports,the present observation showed that high Ievel of kaolin intake post-stimulation may persist for more than one day.Conclusion All 3 tvpes of stimulation methods can serve as ways of specifically stimulating vestibular end-organs to induce kaolin intake increase,and double rotation iS the most effective.

With the aim to examine the distribution of high-affinity neurotrophin receptors (tyrosine kinase receptors, TrkA, TrkB and TrkC)in the rat Scapa's ganglion ( vestibular ganglion, VG), Avidin-Biotin-peroxidase Complex ( ABC ) method of immunohistochemistry with diaminobenzidine (DAB) as the chromogen to identify the immunoreactivities was employed in the present study. The results showed that many VG neurons were immunoreactive to each Trk isoform. The receptors were localized in the neuronal somata. The intensity of immunoreactivity for each Trk receptor was different among neurons, ranging from weak, moderate to intense. For each individual Trk receptors, the labelled neurons were of different size; the result sfatistical of analysis showed that the mean areas for neurons immunoreative to TrkA, B and C were 330.8 ± 7.6, 303.89 ± 10.6 and 355.05 ± 8.3 μm2 , respectively. The present study provids morphological substrate for the important roles played by Trk receptors in maintaining the survival and stabilizing the phenotype of VG neurons.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and risk factors of feeding intolerance in preterm infants.Methods From March 2015 to February 2017,a total of 156 preterm infants in the Central Hospital of Rizhao were selected.Of them,96 feeding intolerance premature infants were selected as the observation group,and 60 feeding tolerance premature infants were selected as the control group.The clinical characteristics of the two groups were analyzed,and the risk factors of feeding intolerance in preterm infants were analyzed by logistics multivariate analysis.Results In the infants with gestational age ＜30 weeks,abdominal distension(34.6%)and gastric reten-tion(50.0%)had the highest incidence rate.In the infants with gestational age 33 －37 weeks and weighing more than 2 500g,the incidence rate of vomiting (45.0%)was highest.In the infants with open milk time no less than 72h,the incidence rate of vomiting(39.3%),abdominal distension(35.7%),gastric retention(44.6%)were signifi-cantly higher than those of the infants with open milk time less than 72h.In the infants with gestational age ＜30 weeks,the proportion of hypoglycemia(23.1%),significantly reduced body mass(19.2%)were significantly higher than those of the other gestational age,the differences were statistically significant(χ2＝5.682,4.235,3.452,4.763, 5.526,3.984,6.224,5.341,all P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,in the observation group,the gestational age[(30.4 ±1.3)weeks vs.(33.6 ±2.6)weeks]was smaller,birth weight[(1693 ±467)g vs.(1868 ±537)g]was lower,open milk time[(46.8 ±18.8)h vs.(32.7 ±17.7)h]and defecation time[(58.6 ±12.8)h vs.(39.6 ± 10.6)h]were later,the proportion of the use of respirator(32 cases vs.9 cases),premature rupture of membranes (26 cases vs.6 cases),early pregnancy(51cases vs.15 cases)and perinatal diseases(49 cases vs.12 cases)were higher,the differences were statistically significant(t ＝5.675,4.967,9.367,7.678,χ2＝6.523,5.564,6.652, 7.157,all P＜0.05).Logistics multivariate analysis showed that gestational age ＜33 weeks,birth weight＜1500 g, open milk time＞3d,ventilator and preterm infants were independent risk factors for feeding intolerance in preterm infants.Conclusion The common clinical manifestations of feeding intolerance in premature infants include vomi-ting,abdominal distension and gastric retention.Gestational age less than 33 weeks,birth weight＜1500 g,open milk time＞3d,ventilator and preterm infants are independent risk factors for feeding intolerance in preterm infants.

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect of acupuncture therapy for treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis. Methods: According to the theory of TCM, 36 cases of chronic atrophic gastritis were differentiated and treated by acupuncture. Gastroscopy and electrogastrograph (EGG) of the body surface, gastric acid and pepsin, blood gastrin, blood prostaglandin E (PGE), gastric mucosal cells and G cells are recorded. Results: Acupuncture therapy had a better effect in improving clinical symptoms, the markedly effective rate was 97.2% and the disappearing rate of clinical manifestations 97.02%;after acupuncture treatment,blood PGE concentration increased; gastric acid secretion increased; gastric dynamics was enhanced and the amplitude of EGG rose; acupuncture could significantly facilitate secretion of gastrin. Conclusion: Acupuncture is a convenient treatment method for atrophic gastritis with quick effect and without side effects.

Objective:To establish a green fluorescent protein(GFP)and firefly luciferase(Luc)double-labeled Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)infec-ted B lymphoblastoid cell lines(B-LCL)and apply them to mouse models,then compare the advantages and disadvantages of models inocu-lated by intravenous(IV)or subcutaneous(SC).Methods:B lymphoblastoid cell lines double-tagged with GFP/Luc(B-LCL-GL)were con-structed through lentivirus transduction,puromycin intervention.Subcutaneous xenograft and hematogenous metastasis models were re-spectively established by subcutaneous or intravenous injection of B-LCL-GL cells at three concentrations in(NOD)/Prkdcscid/IL-2Rγnull(NPG)mice for in vivo bioluminescence imaging.Results:In the B-LCL-GL group,the ratio of the GFP-positive cell population was 92.5%,and the average luminescence intensity was as high as 4.80E+08 Photons/s,which was considerably higher than that of untreated B-LCLs.In the hematogenous metastasis models,tumor bioluminescence was initially located in the peritoneal area and then spread throughout the en-tire body between 7 and 28 days.In the subcutaneous xenograft models,strong central and weak peripheral tumor-related biolumines-cence signal was detected on day 7 in the three groups,which then spread throughout the body on day 28 in the high-dose group.Taken to-gether,there was no significant difference in tumor progression between the two routes of administration when using the same dose of B-LCL-GL cells.However,the survival analysis indicated that the IV injection group,in which all the mice ultimately died,had a shorter time frame for testing than that of the SC injection group,in which the mice survived until day 100 in the low-dose and medium-dose groups,thus allowing for long-term testing.Conclusions:GFP and Luc dual-positive B-LCLs were successfully established to generate hematogenous metastasis and subcutaneous xenograft models,which allow the monitoring of the location and size of lymphomas in vivo.It provide plat-form for the study of tumor characteristics and selecting anti-tumor drugs.

Objective:To prepare the modified hyaluronic acid viscous hydrogel loaded with sliver particles and to explore the roles and mechanism of the hydrogel in healing of full-thickness skin defect wounds with bacterial colonization in mice.Methods:The experimental research method was adopted. Dopamine modified hyaluronic acid (HA-DA) and phenylboric acid modified hyaluronic acid (HA-PBA) were prepared, and their characteristic peaks were detected by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Different mass of acrylamides was added to HA-DA and HA-PBA to prepare the viscous hydrogel with mass fraction of acrylamide in 10%, 15%, and 20%. The gelation of the viscous hydrogel with mass fraction of acrylamide in 20% was observed in the state of tilt and inversion at 37 ℃, and the storage modulus and loss modulus of the above 3 kinds of viscous hydrogels were detected by rotational rheometer. The sliver-loaded viscous hydrogel was prepared by adding nano silver ions to the viscous hydrogel with mass fraction of acrylamide in 20%. The concentration of silver ions released by sliver-loaded viscous hydrogel was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer, and the cumulative release rate of silver ion was calculated ( n=5). The mouse fibroblasts L929 were divided into phosphate buffered saline (PBS) group, viscous hydrogel group, and sliver-loaded viscous hydrogel group, which were dealt correspondingly, and the cell survival was detected by cell counting kit 8 method after 1, 2, and 3 d of culture ( n=5). Twenty-four male C57BL/6 mice aged 6-8 weeks were selected, and forty-eight full-thickness skin defect wounds were inflicted and inoculated with the mixture of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in the back of the mice, with two wounds in each mouse. The wounds were divided into normal saline group, viscous hydrogel group, and sliver-loaded viscous hydrogel group, which were dealt correspondingly, with 16 wounds in each group, and two wounds in each mouse were divided into different groups. On post injury day (PID) 3, 7, 10, and 14, the wound healing was observed and the wound healing rate was calculated. On PID 3, the colony forming units of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in wounds were observed and counted. On PID 14, the epithelized epidermal thickness and the optical density of collagen fiber in wounds were observed and analyzed after hematoxylin eosin staining and Masson staining, respectively. On PID 3, 7, and 10, the expressions of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor β 1 (TGF-β 1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were detected by immunohistochemistry. The number of wounds in each index detecting at each time point was four. Data were statistically analyzed with analysis of variance for factorial design, one-way analysis of variance, and Bonferroni correction. Results:The characteristic peaks of HA-PBA were detected at the wave numbers of 1 369 and 1 425 cm -1, indicating that phenylboric acid had been successfully grafted on hyaluronic acid, and the characteristic peaks of HA-DA were detected at the wave numbers of 1 516 and 1 431 cm -1, indicating that dopamine had been successfully grafted on hyaluronic acid. The viscous hydrogel with mass fraction of acrylamide in 20% maintained the stable and no-flow condition of gelation in the state of tilt and inversion at 37 ℃. The storage modulus and loss modulus of the viscous hydrogel increased with the increase of acrylamide content, the storage modulus and loss modulus of the 3 kinds of viscous hydrogels had no obvious changes with the increase of the oscillation frequency or time, and the storage modulus of the 3 kinds of acrylamide hydrogels were greater than the loss modulus. The release of silver ion in the sliver-loaded viscous hydrogel lasted for 7 days, and the cumulative release rate of silver ion was up to 65%. After 1, 2, and 3 d of culture, the cell survival rates in sliver-loaded viscous hydrogel group were significantly lower than those in PBS group and viscous hydrogel group ( P<0.05 or P<0.01), while after 1 d of culture, the cell survival rate in viscous hydrogel group was significantly lower than that in PBS group ( P<0.01). With extension of time after injury, the wounds of mice in the 3 groups shrank gradually. On PID 3, 7, 10, and 14, the wound healing rates in sliver-loaded viscous hydrogel group were (53.0±3.6)%, (75.3±6.9)%, (93.3±1.2)%, and (96.7±0.8)%, which were significantly higher than (21.8±6.4)%, (53.9±8.2)%, (72.0±7.8)%, and (92.5±0.4)% in normal saline group ( P<0.01). On PID 3 and 14, the wound healing rates in sliver-loaded viscous hydrogel group were significantly higher than (43.5±2.4)% and (94.1±1.5)% in viscous hydrogel group ( P<0.05). On PID 3 and 10, the wound healing rates in viscous hydrogel group were significantly higher than those in normal saline group ( P<0.01). On PID 3, the colony forming units of two bacteria in wound of sliver-loaded viscous hydrogel group were significantly less than those in normal saline group and viscous hydrogel group ( P<0.01), while the colony forming units of two bacteria in wound of viscous hydrogel group were significantly less than those in normal saline group ( P<0.05). On PID 14, the wounds were basically epithelialized and the epidermis was thicker, with collagen protein content being increased significantly and more orderly arranged collagen in sliver-loaded viscous hydrogel group compared with those in the other 2 groups. On PID 14, the epidermal thickness in wounds of sliver-loaded viscous hydrogel group was significantly increased compared with that in the other two groups ( P<0.05), and the optical density of collagen fiber was significantly increased compared with those in normal saline group ( P<0.05). On PID 3, the expressions of TGF-β 1 and VEGF in wounds of sliver-loaded viscous hydrogel group were significantly higher than those in normal saline group ( P<0.05 or P<0.01), while the expression of VEGF in wounds of viscous hydrogel group was significantly higher than that in normal saline group ( P<0.01). On PID 7, the expression of TGF-β 1 in wounds of sliver-loaded viscous hydrogel group was significantly higher than that in the other 2 groups ( P<0.01), and the expression of VEGF was significantly higher than that in normal saline group ( P<0.01). On PID 10, the expression of TNF-α in wounds of sliver-loaded viscous hydrogel group was significantly lower than that in normal saline group ( P<0.05), the expressions of TGF-β 1 and VEGF in wounds of sliver-loaded viscous hydrogel group were significantly higher than those in normal saline group ( P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the expression of VEGF in wounds of sliver-loaded viscous hydrogel group was significantly higher than that in viscous hydrogel group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The sliver-loaded viscous hydrogel prepared in this study has good stability and elasticity, which can continuously release silver ions and help to accelerate the healing of full-thickness defect wounds with bacterial colonization in mice. Besides, the sliver-loaded viscous hydrogel has low biological toxicity and can promote re-epithelialization, collagen deposition as well as angiogenesis of wounds, which may be related to the infiltration and regression of inflammatory cells.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of inhaled medication compliance intervention in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) based on integrated theory of health behavior change.Methods:A total of 117 elderly COPD patients who visited Respiratory Department of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from July to December 2021 were selected by the convenient sampling method. According to the random number table method, they were divided into the experimental group and the control group. 7 cases fell off during follow-up, and a total of 110 cases were finally included in the study, of which 55 cases were in the experimental group and 55 cases in the control group. The control group adopted the conventional health education method, while the experimental group adopted the intervention plan of inhalation medication compliance of elderly COPD patients based on the integrated theory of health behavior change. The accuracy of inhalation device use, inhalant medication compliance, forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV 1) and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases Assessment Test (CAT) scores were compared between the two groups before intervention and 3 months after intervention. Results:After 3 months of intervention, the inhalation device use accuracy, inhalation medication compliance in experimental group were higher than those in the control group, the score of CAT in experimental group was lower than that in the control group, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in FEV 1 between two groups ( P>0.05) . Conclusions:The intervention plan for inhalation medication compliance in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease based on the integrated theory of health behavior changes can improve their inhalation medication compliance and improve their quality of life.

Objective To explore the scan technique and image quality of coronary artery imaging with dual-source CT without oral Betaloc preparation.Methods Plain and enhanced dual-source CT coronary artery imaging without oral Betaloc preparation was performed in 215 patients with clinically suspected coronary heart disease or early-stage coronary lesions.Calcium scoring with plain scan images and multi-planar reconstruction(MPR),maximum intensity projection(MIP)and volume rendering technique (VRT)reconstruction with enhanced scan images were made in all cases.The scan technique and post reconstruction experience was summarized.The image quality was classified as three grades,and coronary segments classified according to AHA standards were evaluated.Results The median of calcium score of the 215 cases was 82.2(2.3—1827.9).The average heart rate of the enhanced scan was(80.6?15.3) (57—139)bpm.The post reconstruction methods with which coronary segments could be shown as best as possible consisted of(1)multiphases screening methods,(2)bi-phase or multiple-phase complement method,and(3)premature beat removing or arrhythmia shifting method.Altogether 3026 coronary segments were evaluated,among them 97.5% were evaluated as grade 1 image quality,2.0% were evaluated as grade 2 and 0.5% were evaluated as grade 3.The coronary segments in 91 cases were completely normal, while 112 segments with