Objective:To investigate the significance of clinical factors combined with transvaginal ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) in guiding the choice of treatment plan for cesarean scar pregnancy(CSP).Methods:The clinical and transvaginal ultrasound and CEUS data of 120 patients with CSP from January 2016 to June 2021 in the First People′s Hospital of Foshan were retrospectively analyzed, and they were divided into ultrasound-guided curettage/ hysteroscopic group (Group A, 91 cases) and laparoscopic group (Group B, 29 cases) according to treatment option, and the differences in clinical and ultrasound factors between the two groups were compared, and to determine the relevant clinical and ultrasound indicators for the choice of treatment option.Results:There were statistical differences between the 2 groups in comparison of whether the gestational sac/mass protruded toward the plasma membrane, gestational sac/mass diameter, the main blood supply site of the gestational sac/mass, the site of the chorion/early placenta and scar thickness (all P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that CEUS showing major blood supply site of the gestational sac/mass ( OR=6.029, P=0.003) and uterine scar thickness ( OR=12.998, P=0.002) were independent risk factors for minimally invasive surgery for CSP. Conclusions:Ultrasound combined with clinical factors have a certain value in the selection of treatment options for CPS, and the thickness of the uterine scar and the main blood supply site of the gestational sac/mass showed in CEUS may be key factors affecting the minimally invasive surgical treatment of CSP.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of mushroom-like pattern femtosecond laser enabled penetrating keratoplasty with different laser energies on the ring incision and corneal endothelial cells, and compare with conventional penetrating keratoplasty.Methods:According to the point/line separation and blasting energy, 48 porcine corneas were randomly divided into 6 groups by using a random number table.In group A, B, C, D and E, the point/line separation was 4/4, 4/4, 8/8, 8/8 and 4/2 μm, and the blasting energy was 1.5, 2.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.0 μJ; In group F, a negative pressure ring drill was used to make penetrating incisions.There were 8 porcine corneas in each group.Femtosecond laser of 200 kHz was used to make corresponding mushroom-shaped penetrating incisions on the porcine corneas, and compared with porcine corneas incisions with a ring drill.The optical and scanning electron microscope images were used to evaluate the glossiness of ring incisions.Four human corneas used femtosecond laser for mushroom-like penetrating incisions with point/line separation 8/8 μm, and blasting energy 2.0 μJ as the experimental group; three human corneas received a negative pressure ring drill for penetrating incisions as the control group.The loss rate of corneal endothelial cells was observed and compared between experimental group and control group.The donor guardians agreed to the acquisition and use of the donors' cornea and signed informed consents.This study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Nanjing First Hospital.Results:Femtosecond laser mushroom penetrating ring incision completion rate was 100%.The corneal ring incision in each group was stepped, and sections of ring incisions in group A and group E were glossiest by the light microscope.Sections of ring incisions in group E were glossiest by the laser scanning electron microscope.The overall glossiness scores of the corneal ring incisions among various groups were statistically significantly different by the light microscopy ( F=22.75, P<0.01). Among them, the glossiness scores in the group A were higher than those in the group B, and the glossiness scores in the group C were higher than those in the group D, with statistically significant differences (both P<0.05). The overall glossiness scores of corneal ring incisions among various groups were statistically significantly different by laser scanning electron microscopey ( F=122.33, P<0.01). Among them, the glossiness scores in the group A were higher than those in the group B, and the the glossiness scores in the group C were higher than those in the group D, with statistically significant differences (both P<0.05). The corneal endothelial cells showed regular shape and tight arrangement in the experimental group, and irregular shape and loose connections were seen in the control group.The average corneal endothelial cell loss rate in the experimental group was (2.2±1.3)%, lower than (6.7±2.1)% of the control group, with a significant difference between them ( t=3.569, P<0.05). Conclusions:Femtosecond laser can produce perfect mushroom configuration, and the ring incision glossiness is better in comparison with trephine cutting.Femtosecond laser ring cut can lessen corneal endothelial loss.

As one of the imaging features of cerebral small vessel disease, white matter hyperintensity (WMH) of presumed vascular origin is quite common in the elderly. The burden of WMH is thought to progress slowly over time and is significantly associated with cognitive decline. However, the pathogenesis of WMH remains unclear and there is no effective treatment available. Recent studies have reported that some WMH lesions can regress during follow-up, along with progression and regression occurring alternately, suggesting that longitudinal changes in WMH are not unidirectional. This article presents a systematic review of current neuroimaging studies on WMH regression to enhance the understanding of dynamic changes in WMH and to provide new theoretical evidence for WMH intervention.

Objective: To investigate the feasibility and accuracy of transperineal real-time three-dimensional ultrasound combined with clinical factors in predicting the risk of female stress urinary incontinence(SUI). Methods: Three hundred and forty-eight female patients with SUI diagnosed were selected as the case group, and 102 healthy people in the same period were selected as the control group. All subjects underwent transperineal real-time three-dimensional ultrasound. The ultrasonic parameters of resting state, contraction and Valsalva were measured, and the clinical parameters such as age, height, weight, history of pregnancy and childbirth were collected. According to the time sequence, all the subjcets were divided into derivation cohort and verification cohort inproportion to 2∶1, single factor screening and logistic multiple regression analysis were carried out on 24 factors, and the risk model was established. The cut-off value of the disease probability P was determined by the ROC curve of the subjects, and then the accuracy of the cut-off value in predicting SUI was verified in the verification group. Results: Single factor analysis showed that 13 parameters were associated with SUI(all P<0.05). Logit P=2.014+ 1.870×Z₁ was established by multivariate logistic regression analysis. The cut-off value of the disease probability P determined by ROC curve was 0.823. The predictive sensitivity of the model was 68.1% (95%CI: 59.6%-76.6%), specificity was 91.2% (95%CI: 86.0%-96.4%), positive predictive value was 64.3% (95%CI: 55.6%-73.0%) and negative predictive value was 92.5% (95%CI: 86.2%-98.8%). Conclusions It is feasible to predict the risk of female stress urinary incontinence by transperineal real-time three-dimensional ultrasound combined with clinical factors. Although, some limitations with the prediction model, it has accuracy in predicting SUI with obvious symptoms.

Objective Evaluation of the effect and mechanism research of Qi-Shen-Yi-Zhi formula on improving learning and memory ability in mice injected with Aβ1-42 in hippocampus.Methods Alzheimer's disease model mice were constructed by injecting β amyloid peptide 1-42 into hippocampus and treated with water extracts of Qi-Shen-Yi-Zhi formula.The cognitive abilities of mice were assessed using Morris water maze and Y maze tests,which measure learning and memory capabilities.HE staining was used to observe the damage and TUNEL method was used to determine apoptosis of hippocampus.Detection of the expression of oxidative factors,inflammatory factors,and related antioxidant proteins and apoptotic proteins in the hippocampal tissue of a mouse model of dementia.Results Both high-dose and low-dose groups of Qi-Shen-Yi-Zhi formula significantly improved cognitive dysfunction in mice injected with Aβ1-42 in hippocampus,and attenuated the damage and apoptosis of the hippocampus.It also inhibited oxidative stress and downregulated the expressions of inflammatory factors IL-6,IL-1β and TNF-a,increased the expression of antioxidant proteins Nrf2 and HO-1,and regulated the expressions of apoptotic proteins Caspase-9,Caspase-3,Bax and Bcl-2.Conclusion Qi-Shen-Yi-Zhi formula improves the learning and memory abilities of mice injected with Aβ1-42 in hippocampus,which might be related to the attenuation of oxidative stress and neuronal inflammation of hippocampus.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of Qishen Yizhi formula on improving learning and memory ability in D-galactose subcutaneous injection induced subacute aging mice.METHODS Subacute aging mice model mice were developed by D-galactose subcutaneous injection and then treated with positive drug donepezil(2 mg·kg-1·d-1)and Qishen Yizhi formula water extracts in low(1.33 g·kg-1·d-1)and high dose group(2.67 g·kg-1·d-1).The learning and memory abilities of mice were evaluated using Morris water maze and Y maze tests;HE staining was used to examine hippocampal damage in model mice;TUNEL was used to detect apoptosis of mouse hippocampal tissue;ELISA was used to detect the expression levels of oxidative stress factors and inflammatory fac-tors in the mouse hippocampus tissue;Western blot was used to detect the expression of signaling pathway proteins related to apoptosis,oxidative stress and inflammatory stress in the hippocampus of mice.RESULTS The water extract of Qishen Yizhi formula signifi-cantly shortened the latency and distance of model mice for reaching the platform in the water maze test(P<0.01),and significantly increased the number of crossing the platform(P<0.01);increased the exploration time and number of the Y maze new arm in model mice(P<0.05);inhibited the TUNEL fluorescence expression in the hippocampus of model mice(P<0.01);upregulated the activity of the oxidative stress factor superoxide dismutase(SOD)(P<0.05)and glutathione(GSH)content(P<0.05),and downregulated malondialdehyde(MDA)content(P<0.05);reduced interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α)expression levels(P<0.05,P<0.01);decreased the expression of apoptosis signaling pathway proteins Cleaved Caspase-3 and Caspase-3(P<0.05),upregulated the expression of oxidative stress signaling pathway proteins Nrf2 and HO-1(P<0.05),and downregulated the expression of inflammatory stress signaling pathway proteins p-NF-κB and NF-κB(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Qishen Yizhi for-mula can improve the learning and memory ability of subacute aging model mice injected with D-galactose,which may be related to its inhibitory effect on hippocampal oxidative stress and inflammatory stress.

The RASopathies are a group of syndromes that have in common germline mutations in genes that encode components of the RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and have been a focus of study to understand the role of this pathway in development and disease. These syndromes include Noonan syndrome (NS), NS with multiple lentigines (NSML), neu-rofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), Costello syndrome (CS), cardio-facio-cutaneous (CFC) syndrome, neurofibromatosis type 1-like syndrome (NFLS) and capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation syndrome (CM-AVM). These disorders affect multiple systems, including the craniofacial complex. Although the crani-ofacial features have been well described and can aid in clinical diagnosis, the dental phenotypes have not been analysed in detail for each of the RASopathies. In this review, we summarize the clinical features of the RASopathies, highlighting the reported craniofacial and dental findings.