Objective To explore the value of transthoracic echocardiography(TTE) combined with partial pressure of end-tidal CO2 (PETCO2) monitoring in preventing venous air embolism (VAE) during hysteroscopy operation.Methods From August 2010 to August 2012,300 cases undergoing hysteroscopic surgery under general anaesthesia were enrolled in this study.With the echocardiography combined with PETCO2 monitoring during hysteroscopic surgery,the time of VAE appearing in the right atrium,the extent of air embolism(grade 0-4),the changes of PET CO2,peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2),blood pressure (Bp),the amount of fluid intravasation and the blood loss were recorded in detail.Take the 24 cases that the grades of VAE in grade 3 or above and a decrease in PETCO2 ≥5 mm Hg (1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa) as intervention group.Stop operation immediately,the left side and raise your right shoulder,oxygen inhalation and dexamethasone 10 mg intravenous drip were given to the intervention group; the control group (5 cases in grade 3 or above and a decrease in PETCO2 ＜ 5 mm Hg) only stop operation immediately,observation patient's condition closely.Results (1) The occurrence of VAE:air embolism occurred in 34 patients among all 300 patients,all of 34 patients had evidence of gas embolism in the inferior vena cava,right atrium(RA) and right ventricle chamber,and 29 patients had evidence of continuous groups of gas emboli.There were 32 cases with the decrease in PETCO2 ＞ 2 mm Hg,14 cases with SpO2 less than 95％,and 4 cases with a drop in Bp ≥ 20％.(2) The change of the decrease of PET CO2 and the grades of VAE:the decrease of PETCO2 and the grades of VAE were positively correlated (r =0.601,P ＜ 0.01),continuous groups of gas emboli signal in RA,when the drop of PETCO2 ≥5 mm Hg,8 of the 34 cases whose drop of PETCO2 ≥ 10 mm Hg,7 cases in grades 4.The decrease of PET CO2 [(7.5 ± 2.4) mm Hg versus (11.1 ±4.1)mm Hg],the amount of fluid intravasation[(688 ± 150) ml versus (925 ±268) ml] and the blood loss [(71 ± 36) ml versus (127 ± 56) ml] all had statistical difference in grade 3 and 4 (P ＜ 0.05).The sensitivity of PETCO2 was better than SpO2 and Bp in detecting of VAE.(3)The cases of PETCO2 continue to decline and recovery time between the two groups:2 cases' PETCO2 continued to decline in the intervention group,but 4 cases in the control group.The recovery time of the two groups was(4.8 ± 1.6) and (8.3 ±1.9) min,respectively,which reached statistical difference between (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions TTE combined with PET CO2 monitoring can effectivelv predict the occurrence of air embolism in hysteroscopic surgery; Continuous groups of gas emboli signal in RA accompanied by a decrease in PETCO2 ≥5 mm Hgindicates that the occuTence of air embolism ; the more the amount of intravasation of distension fluid and the blood loss,the more the air into the body.Timely intewention can effectively prevent the development of air embolism when the VAE in grade 3 or above accompanied by a decrease in PETC02 ≥5 mm Hg.

AIM:To explore the expression of anoctamin 1 (ANO1), one of calcium-activated chloride chan-nels ( CaCCs) , in mouse cardiomyocytes and its functional properties.METHODS:The cardiomyocytes from the myocar-dial tissues of C57BL/6 mice were isolated with enzyme and purified by the differential adherent method.The cells were stained with monoclonal anti-sarcomeric actin and Cy3 to evaluate the purity of the myocardial cells.RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of ANO1 in the mouse cardiomyocytes.The protein expression of ANO1 in the mouse cardio-myocytes was determined by Western blotting analysis.The fluorescence quenching kinetics experiment was used to identify the ion transport properties of ANO1 in the mouse cardiomyocytes.RESULTS: The results of RT-PCR confirmed that ANO1 was expressed in freshly isolated myocardial cells.The results of Western blotting clearly demonstrated the protein expression of ANO1 in primarily cultured myocardial cells.Fluorescence quenching kinetics experiment on freshly isolated single myocardial cell revealed a pronounced outward rectifying property of the ANO1.The functional properties were simi-lar to the classic CaCCs.CONCLUSION:ANO1 expression was identified in the mouse myocardial cells.The function of CaCCs was generated by ANO1, suggesting that ANO1 is the molecular basis of CaCCs.

Objective To investigate the expression of anoctamin 1 in Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO)and to analyze the functional properties of its ion channel,and to provide experimental basis for study on the physiological function of calcium-activated chloride channel.Methods The whole sequence of anoctamin 1 was obtained by PCR technique and was subcloned into pcDNA3.1 to construct the expression vector pcDNA3.1-anoctamin 1 was transfected into CHO by liposome-mediated transfection and the CHO stably expressing anoctamin 1 were aquired by selection with zeocin. The expression and distribution of anoctamin 1 in CHO were measured by RT-PCR technique and inverted fluorescence microscope.The functional properties of anoctamin 1 were measured with halide-sensitive fluorescence proteins YFP-H148Q/I152L.The PBS buffer solution with calcimycin and high concentration of iodine ion was used as experimental group,andthe PBS buffer solution without calcimycin and high concentration of iodine ion was used as control group.Results The results of digestion and sequencing confirmed that anoctamin 1 was cloned into pcDNA3.1 by electrophoresis and blast. The results of RT-PCR and inverted fluorescence microscope indicated that anoctamin 1 was expressed in CHO. The results of I- influx as measured by halide-sensitive fluorescence proteins YFP-H148Q/I152L showed that anoctamin 1 had the more functional properties of trans-epithelial transporting I-,and the transporting speed in experimental group was higher than that in control group (P<0.05).Conclusion Anoctamin 1 can be expressed highly in the CHO;Anoctamin 1 expressed in CHO has the characteristics of calcium-activated chloride channel.

ObjectiveTo provide a new idea for exploring the molecular genetic approach to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia via construction of microRNA-messenger RNA （miRNA-mRNA） regulatory network in schizophrenia. MethodsThe microarray datasets of GSE54578 miRNA expression profiles in peripheral blood and GSE145554 mRNA expression in the anterior cingulate in postmortem brain of schizophrenic subjects were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus （GEO） database since July 2021. The GEO2R was used to identify the differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs， screen the miRNA with target differentially expressed mRNA， and predict their potential upstream transcription factors. The overlapping genes from the mRNA targeted by the differentially expressed miRNA and the mRNA differentially expressed in GSE145554 dataset were collected. Then the biological features of hub genes were analyzed via Gene Ontology （GO） analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathway enrichment analysis， and the protein-protein interaction （PPI） network and miRNA-mRNA regulatory network of hub genes were constructed. ResultsA total of 8 up-regulated differentially expressed miRNAs with targeted mRNA were screened out in GSE54578 datasets regarding schizophrenia， which involved in the regulation of 10 transcription factors， 247 down-regulated differentially expressed mRNAs were screened out in GSE145554 datasets， and 17 overlapping mRNAs were obtained. GO analysis showed that the target mRNAs were mainly involved in astrocyte differentiation and development. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the target mRNAs were mainly involved in Rap1 and Ras signaling pathways. PPI network analysis showed that the mRNAs （KRAS and CD28） might be key genes in schizophrenia. ConclusionThe integrated bioinformatics analysis based on GEO database can identify potential susceptibility genes in schizophrenia， and it also contributes to the construction of miRNA-mRNA regulatory network in schizophrenia.

Objective: To understand the epidemiologic features of the rabies in Xishuang banna prefecture of Yunnan province, China in 2008-2017 and the viral molecular-evolution characteristics. Methods: The data of rabies case questionnaire were collected. The brain tissue samples from mad dogs, suspicious sick dogs and human brain tissue, saliva and cerebrospinal fluid samples from rabies patients were collected in Xishuangbanna. Coding region of nucleoprotein and glycoprotein genes were amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. Homology and phylogenetic analysis were performed using the relevant bioinformatics software. Results: A total of 62 cases of human rabies were occurred in 28 districts of the 3 counties, Xishuangbanna prefecture in 2008-2017. Of them, 37 cases in Jinghong county, 15 in Menghai county and 10 in Mengla county. In which 48 cases were bitten by domestic dogs (77.42%), 11 cases were bitten by wild dogs (17.74%). Rabies case was occurred every year in the past decade. The seasonal incidence was not obvious. The majority of patients were aged from 30 to 59 years-old, with the youngest 1 year-old and the eldest 91 year-old. The male to female ratio was 1.70∶1, most cases were farmers. The nucleotide sequences of nucleoprotein gene of 9 virus strains (7 from Jinghong, 1 from Menghai and 1 from Mengla) were obtained from the samples of dogs and patients. Homology and phylogenetic analyses indicated that the 5 strains belonged to clade China-Ⅰ, 3 clade China-Ⅱ and 1 clade China-Ⅵ. The nucleotide sequences of glycoprotein gene of 5 virus strains (3 from Jinghong, 1 from Menghai and 1 from Mengla) were obtained from these positive samples, and all were clade China-Ⅰ, it is same with nucleoprotein genes analysis result from these 5 virus strains. These China-Ⅰ and China-Ⅱ strains from Xishuangbanna have a closer genetic relationship with same clade strains isolated from Pu’er and other prefectures of Yunnan province as well as Sichuan, Guizhou and Guangxi. The China-Ⅵ strain from Xishuangbanna share high homology and genetic relationship with China-Ⅵ strains isolated from southwestern Yunnan and neighbouring countries such as Myanmar, Laos and Vietnam in recent years. Conclusions In Xishuangbanna, rabies mainly occurred in rural area and domestic dog was the main source of transmission. These RABV clades China-Ⅰ, China-Ⅱ and China-Ⅵ were found in this region and the China-Ⅰ was principal clade. The transmission source of China-Ⅰ and China-Ⅱ were from adjacent areas in the province and China-Ⅵ was from Myanmar and Laos.