ISG15, the first ubiquitin-like molecule identified two decades ago, is encoded by interferon stimulated gene 15 ( ISG 15), where its robust expression can be induced by viral infections or interferon treatments. ISG 15 conjugate to other proteins as the ubiquitin and was found to be involved in innate immune response. However, the functions of ISG15 modification remained unclear. We cloned bovine ISG15(bisg15) into a prokaryotic expression vector pET28a( + ) with a His-tag to generate a soluble form of bISG15 fusion protein, and purified with Ni-NTA Sepharose chromatography. The purified protein was concentrated and used to immune Balb/c mice to raise the antiserum, which could specifically recognize bISG15 expressed in eukaryotic cells by Western blot analysis. The concentrated bISG15 protein and its antiserum were then used to establish an in vitro bISG15 modification system. Our studies have demonstrated that cellular proteins could be conjugated to bISG15 with this system.

AIM: To elucidate the effect of ginsenoside Rb1 (Gs-Rb1) on the glucose metabolism to improve the viability of the cardiomyocytes under hypoxia, and whether hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(HIF-1α) and/or AMPKαare involved in the process.METHODS: The neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were cultured, and randomly divided into control group, hypoxia (1% O2 , 94% N2 and 5% CO2 ) group, Gs-Rb1 (200 μmol/L) group, Ara-A (500 μmol/L) group, Gs-Rb1 +Ara-A group, YC-1 (5 μmol/L) group, Gs-Rb1 +YC-1 group, Ara-A +YC-1 group and Gs-Rb1 +YC-1 +Ara-A group.After the intervention for 8 h, the cell viability was analyzed by MTT assay.The protein levels of AMPK, HIF-1αand glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) were determined by Western blot.The activities of heterophosphatase (HK), phos-phofructokinase (PFK) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured by ELISA.RESULTS: Gs-Rb1 significantly im-proved the viability of hypoxic cardiomyocytes, which was significantly inhibited by YC-1 and Ara-A.In addition, YC-1 and Ara-A had a synergistic effect.Gs-Rb1 increased the protein levels of AMPK and HIF-1αin the hypoxic cardiomyo-cytes, which was significantly inhibited by Ara-A and YC-1.Gs-Rb1 significantly increased the expression of GLUT-4 on the cytomembrane of hypoxic cardiomyocytes, which was significantly inhibited by YC-1 or Ara-A, especially Ara-A +YC-1.Gs-Rb1 significantly increased the activities of HK, PFK and LDH, all those were significantly inhibited by YC-1 or Ara-A.Besides, YC-1 and Ara-A had a synergistic effect.CONCLUSION: Gs-Rb1 improves the viability of hypoxic car-diomyocytes, which may be related to the regulation of glucose uptake and enhancement of glycolysis by synergy of both
HIF-1αand AMPK.

Aged ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic ; surgery ; Catheter Ablation ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ventricular Septum ; surgery

Objective To investigate the cognition of colorectal cancer-related knowledge and influencing factors of patients with middle- and advanced-stage colorectal cancer in ethnic minority areas of Inner Mongolia. Methods According to the national population and the prevalence of colorectal cancer, 277 patients with colorectal cancer were selected by stratified and random sampling in Inner Mongolia. The patients were surveyed in Baotou, Chifeng, Bayannaoer, and other hospitals. The questionnaire included patients' basic information, cognition of colorectal cancer risk factors and screening knowledge, screening information, etc. Results Before suffering from the disease, the patients' knowledge of colorectal cancer (risk factors, early screening knowledge, treatment methods) was low. About 54.9% of patients were unaware of high risk factors for colorectal cancer, 75.8% of patients did not understand the knowledge of early screening of colorectal cancer, and 37.5% of patients did not underst and the treatment of colorectal cancer. The main influencing factors of colorectal cancer cognition were education level and occupation. Patients who work in institutions and enterprises and with higher education level had better cognition. Conclusion Patients with middle- and advanced-stage colorectal cancer in Inner Mongolia have poor knowledge and awareness of risk factors and screening of colorectal cancer before diagnosis. Education level and occupation are factors influencing colorectal cancer cognition, therefore, people with low knowledge rate of colorectal cancer and low education level as well as unemployed laid-off people should be given priority intervention.

Objective sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on outpatients in two hospitals in Guangdong province in order to evaluate patients’ satisfaction with the quality of medical service. This paper explored the factors that affect patients’ evaluation of medical service quality, and found that patients’ age was negatively correlated with the evaluation of medical service quality. It is suggested that the establishment of friendly medical institutions should be carried out according to the national policy. At the same time, the management mechanism of hospital should be improved, the number of medical service centers for "efficient" should be increased, and the medical service personnel should be regularly trained; carry out medical knowledge education in community, improve the popularization of personal medical knowledge and close the cognitive gap between doctors and patients.

Objective sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on outpatients in two hospitals in Guangdong province in order to evaluate patients’ satisfaction with the quality of medical service. This paper explored the factors that affect patients’ evaluation of medical service quality, and found that patients’ age was negatively correlated with the evaluation of medical service quality. It is suggested that the establishment of friendly medical institutions should be carried out according to the national policy. At the same time, the management mechanism of hospital should be improved, the number of medical service centers for "efficient" should be increased, and the medical service personnel should be regularly trained; carry out medical knowledge education in community, improve the popularization of personal medical knowledge and close the cognitive gap between doctors and patients.