BACKGROUND: Irradiation crosslinking can remarkably increase the abrasive performance of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), thereby reducing its wear rate. OBJECTIVE: To review the recent progress in irradiated crosslinking UHMWPE. METHODS: A computer-based online search of ISI Web of knowledge was performed for articles related to irradiated crosslinking UHMWPE published from January1995 to April 2012 using the keywords of“irradiation crosslinking UHMWPE” in English. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At present, domestic studies on irradiation crosslinking of UHMWPE mainly focus on the wear resistance, oxidation resistance and mechanical properties. Under high-energy radiation, radicals generate from the UHMWPE, which are inter-crosslinked. Irradiation crosslinking dramatical y enhances the UHMWPE wear resistance, while reduces its oxidation resistance and mechanical properties. In the future, the research wil focus on how to develop new UHMWPE composite with good wear resistance, oxidation resistance and mechanical properties.

BACKGROUND:Chitosan (CS) holding a good biocompatibility, biodegradability, antibacterial property and hemostasis effect cannot only promote wound healing and tissue repair, but also exhibit sustained-control release when carrying berberine hydrochloride (Bh). Therefore it functions as an excellent antibacterial and hemostatic material. OBJECTIVE:To prepare the porous CS/Bh composite xerogel and observe its antibacterial and hemostatic properties. METHODS:The porous CS/Bh composite xerogel was prepared using freeze-drying method, and its microstructure was characterized by scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The biocompatibility was detected through MTT assay and the in vitro antibacterial and hemostatic properties were observed through antibacterial test and blood clotting index. RESULTS AND COCNLUSION:The porosity of the CS/Bh composite xerogel was 83.1%-90.5%and almost degraded after 72 hours of immersion in PBS. The in vitro antibacterial and hemostatic properties of the composite xerogel were significantly better than those of CS, which were enhanced with the Bh content increasing. Additionally, the CS/Bh (10%) composite xerogel showed the best hemostatic and antibacterial abilities in vitro. To conclude, the CS/Bh composite xerogel possesses a good biocompatibility and strong hemostatic and antibacterial abilities, which is a promising postoperative antibacterial and hemostatic material.

This article is concerned about the practice and exploration on medical electronics teaching project and teaching pattern we have done before and the Active Participation Pattern thus formed. That is guiding, putting for ward questions, discussing, debating and summarizing in class while setting research problem after class. We also have made media courseware in medical electronics and have used it in our teaching process, which has aroused the students' interest in study and has enhanced the teaching efficiency and quality. This new method of teaching pattern helps us gain the strong feedback and affirmation and is welcome by the students.

Objective To analyze the related factors,and discuss the causes and prevention measures of pharyngocutaneous fistula caused by total laryngectomy.Methods The complete chnical data of 118 patients underwent laryngeal ancer surgery were analyzed retrospectively.Analyzed the relationship between pharyngocutaneous fistula and the factors of sex,age,pre-operative nutrition states,preoperative radiotherapy,prior tracheotomy,neck dissection,tumor position,clinical stage of tumor,patho-staging,post-operative infection comobidity with analysis of single factor.Results Among the 118 cases of laryngeal carcinoma,17 cases were pharyngocutaneous fistula after operation,the incidence was 14.4％ (17/118).According to the statistical analysis results,the predominant influencing factors in the causation of pharyngocutaneous fistula were:pre-operative nutrition states,pre-operative radiotherapy,clinical stage of tumor and post-operative infection.Concusion Pharyngocutaneous fistula after total laryngectomy is related to many factors,avoiding the above mentioned factors can reduce the rate of fistula and improve the life quality.

Objective To compare the efficacies between nasal packing and no nasal packing after endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic sinusitis,and explore the feasibility of no nasal packing after endoscopic sinus surgery.Methods Eighty-two type 1 or type 2 chronic sinusitis patients who received endoscopic sinus surgery under general anesthesia were divided into no nasal packing group (44 cases,75 sides) and nasal packing group (38 cases,65 sides) by random digits table method.The patients in 2 groups were taken preoperative anti-inflammatory and regulation blood pressure treatment.The volume of bleeding,postoperative pain (visual analogue score,VAS),degree of mucosal edema,efficacy and postoperative complications between 2 groups were compared.Results There were no statistical difference in volume of bleeding and efficacy between 2 groups (P ＞ 0.05).The postoperative VAS in no nasal packing group was significantly lower than that in nasal packing group [(2.46 ± 0.54) scores vs.(5.49 ± 1.26) scores],there was statistical difference (P＜ 0.01).There was no statistical difference in mucosal edema score postoperative 1 week and 6 months between 2 groups (P ＞ 0.05),but the mucosal edema score postoperative 1 month in no nasal packing group was significantly lower than that in nasal packing group [(1.32 ±0.63) scores vs.(3.52 ±0.72) scores],there was statistical difference (P ＜ 0.01).Postoperative comphcations in nasal packing group were significantly more than those in no packing group.Conclusion No nasal packing can be performed for type 1 or type 2 chronic sinusitis patients who has no significant bleeding after endoscopic sinus surgery under general anesthesia,it is actually beneficial of relieving distress of the patient and reducing postoperative complications.

Objective To investigate the changes of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty on the auditory function in adult patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).The possible mechanism of hypoxemia was analyzed,and hypercapnia might affect auditory function and the effect of operation to hearing was improved.Methods A total of 82 adult patients who were made a diagnosis by polysomnography (PSG) with severe OSAHS had been diagnosed by pure tone audiometry,tympa-nometry,auditory brainstem responses (ABR),and otoacoustic emissions (OAE) before and 6 months after surgical treatments.The control group included 43 non-snoring healthy people through the same line of the above test.Results (1)Among 82 patients who underwent uvulopalatopharyngoplasty,symptoms were resolved in 51 patients,significantly improved in 24 patients,and somewhat improved in7 patients at 6 months followed-up,yielding a total effective rate of 100％.(2)There were no significant differences in hearing threshold across 250 to 4 000 Hz on pure tone audiometry between OSAHS and control groups (P ＞ 0.05),although hearing thresholds at high frequencies showed significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).(3)The latencies of ABR waves Ⅰ and Ⅴ in the OSAHS group were significantly longer than control group (P ＜ 0.05).The interpeak lantency intervals of wave Ⅲ ～ Ⅴ in patients with OSAHS were longer than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).No significant difference was showed before and after surgery (P ＞ 0.05).(4)Distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) detection rate and amplitudes at all frequencies were poorer in OSAHS group before surgery compared with the control group (P ＜ 0.05),and significant changes were found after surgical treatments (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions OSAHS can impair auditory function,probably from chronic hypoxia,which can be improved by surgical treatment in adult patients with severe OSAHS.

Objective To investigate the measurement standards and clinical application of observing anatomical morphologies and contractile function of puborectalis muscle on pelvic floor parasagittal plane by endoluminal two-dimensional ultrasonography.Methods The thickness and thickening rate of puborectalis muscle of 78 young nulliparous women were measured on pelvic floor parasagittal plane at three levelsurethral level (anterior),vaginal level (central) and rectal level (posterior),both at rest and during contraction.And the thickening rates of these parts during contraction were compared with each other.Interclass correlation coefficients were calculated to evaluate the consistency of the datas.Results At rest,thickness of anterior part of the left was (9.23 ± 0.20)mm,and that of the right was (8.99 ± 0.20)mm.During contraction,thickness of anterior parts of bilateral puborectalis muscle were significantly thicker than that of central or posterior parts (P ＜0.05).The interclass coefficients were more than 0.93 and 0.83.Conclusions The endoluminal two-dimensional ultrasonography can be used to observe morphologies and contractile function dynamically of puborectalis on pelvic floor parasagittal plane.It is simple,reproducible and worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective To evaluate the value of fetal dual Doppler ultrasonography in the diagnosis of fetal arrhythmias.Methods 77 53 1 fetuses were examined by echocardiography.If fetal arrhythmias were found,information of pulsed wave Doppler signals in hepatic vein(HV) and descending aorta(DAo) using dual Doppler were collected simultaneously.Results On dual Doppler examination,13 1 of the fetuses showed signals of cardiac dysrhythmias,including 60 fetuses with irregular fetal heart rhythm but having normal heart rate,45 with tachyarrhythmias and 26 with bradyarrhythmias.Sixteen and 2 with tachy- or bradyarrhythmias fetuses complicated fetal malformation or severely maternal systemic diseases.Eighteen and 3 with tachy- or bradyarrhythmias fetuses revealed intrauterine death or intermediate pregnancy induction.The three main kinds of fetal arrhythmias had statistical differences in complicating with fetal malformation,maternal diseases,intrauterine fetal demise or intermediate pregnancy induction(all P <0.05).There was a significant difference in the accuracy of diagnosing rhythm abnormalities in the fetus between conventional ultrasonography and dual Doppler ultrasonography(k = 0.562,P < 0.05).Sixty cases of irregular fetal heart rhythm,42 cases of fetal tachyarrhythmias,and 8 cases of fetal bradyarrhythmias were changed to normal rhythm at the third-pregnancy or prenatal period through appropriate treatment.All surviving fetuses were examined by echocardiography within 3 days,without any combination of congenital heart disease,and 1 months after the delivery,the ECG were shown as sinus rhythm.Conclusions Dual Doppler ultrasonography is a precise and rapid method of assessing various types of fetal arrhythmias.Different types of fetal arrhythmias have different fetal prognosis.

OBJECTIVE To discuss the relation between the fungal infection and differential leukocyte count,fever and death rate,for progressing clinical diagnosis and therapy in fungal infection. METHODS The patients were divided into septicemia groups,lung infection groups,biliary tract infection groups,nerve center and local urinary tract groups,intestinal tract groups,and normal control groups.And the differential leukocyte count,and fever and death rate were analyzed. RESULTS The Aspergillus,Candida and Cryptococcus were occupied 90.8% for deep fungal infection,and the Aspergillus caused patients death rate to 88.9%;fungal infection for septicemia,lungs,biliary tract caused patients fever rate was to 100%,but urinary tract,intestinal tract and nerve center behaved variously.For lungs the Aspergillus and Penicillium caused differential leukocyte WBC count had high than the control signficant difference,P0.05. CONCLUSIONS The deep fungal infection caused higher patients fever rate,and the Aspergillus and Penicillium caused higher differential leukocyte count,but deep and local yeast was not.Currently the Aspergillus,Candida and Cryptococcus are three main opportunistic infected fungi.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of Shouling Jiannao Capsule (SJC)for the treatment of multiple infarction dementia (MID),and to observe the effect of SJC on blood lipid level and hemorrheology.Methods Fifty MID patients aged 45~80 subjecting to the diagnostic standards were randomly divided into two groups:treatment group (N=30)received SJC (mainly composed of Radix Polygoni Multiflori,Ganoderma Lucidum,Radix Notoginseng,Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae and Radix Curcumae),and control group (N=20)received dihydroergotoxine.The treatment lasted 2 months.The therapeutic effect in both groups was evaluated after treatment,and the changes of scores of TCM syndromes,Hasegava Dementia Scale(HDS),and Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE)were observed before and after treatment.Meanwhile,blood lipid level,hemorheological indexes,erythrocyte superoxide dismutase(SOD),plasma lipid peroxide(LPO)and transcranial color Doppler(TCD)were examined and statistically analyzed before and after treatment in both groups.Results After treatment,the total effective rate was 90.0% in the treatment group and 55.0% in the control group,the difference being significant(P