The establishment of animal model is fundamental to the experimental studies. It involves the selection of animals and cell lines, the determination of the number of cells and the option of the ways of transplant. Only when each production step is operated by following the occurrence and the development mechanism of the gastric cancer, can we simulate the process of growth of the gastric cancer in human body.Due to their congenital immune deficiency, the nude mice serve a better choice for the establishment of gastric cancer animal model. Beyond that, the cell lines selection and transplant way option also play important roles.

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) are divided into limited and extensive stage diseases. Limited-stage SCLC (LS-SCLC) is conifned to the ipsilateral hemithorax and within a single radiotherapy region, 30%-40%of patients with SCLC are limited stage. The median ranges of survival for patients with LS-SCLC is from 15 to 20 months. Approximately 20%-40%of patients with LS-SCLC can survive for two years. According to the guidelines, patients with LS-SCLC should be treated with combined concurrent chemoradiotherapy and patients with LS-SCLC achieving a complete remission or patient with stage I disease who have had resection should be offered prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI). Whereas in SCLC, targeted therapies is still in the early stage and few clinical trial data is available to support its effect.

Objective To evaluate the treatment effect of using preoperative embolization combined with microsurgery for the treatment of intracranial arteriovenous malformation.Methods From January 2005 to December 2015,57 consecutive patients with intracranial arteriovenous malformation (AVM ) admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery,Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical University were enrolled retrospectively. They were diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)and digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Glubran and/or Onyx embolization was used before the microsurgery. The clinical features,treatment, and occurrence of complications were recorded.Results In 57 patients,the Spetzler-Martin grade in 35 patients were gradeⅠ-Ⅱ,in 18 were Ⅲ,and in 4 were Ⅳ. The complications occurred in 11 patients (19. 3%),including 5 with Onyx,5 with Glubran,and 1 with Onyx+Glubran. After embilization,4 patients had hemorrhage,2 had intracranial hemorrhage,1 had postoperative intracranial infection,1 had postoperative neuro-logical dysfunction,and 3 had other systemic complications after procedure. The complication rates were 14. 3%(5/35)and 22. 2%(4/18)respectively according to the Spetzler-Martin grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ and Ⅲ. Two patients of Spetzler-Martin gradeⅣhad complications. The incidence of complications in the functional areas was 20. 0%(4/20)and that in non-functional areas was 18. 9%(7/37). One patient died. DSA revealed that 4 patients had residual lesions before discharge. The cure rate was 93. 0%. The mean modified Rankin scale (mRS)score at discharge was 1. 6 ± 1. 0. The patients of mRS 0-1 accounted for 59. 6%(34/57).The mRS scores in 7 patients at discharge were higher than before treatment.Conclusion For the high-grade AVM foci with larger volume and in the deep part of brain,the treatment with microsurgery combined with embolization can be considered.

Objective To investigate Zhang CiGong who was traditional Chinese medicine doctor and educator ’s academic achievement. [Methods]To summarize and analysize Zhang CiGong’s learning experiences,academic thoughts and examples of clinical experiences. [Results]Zhang CiGong had no prejudice on academic schools, integrated various academic schools’s advantages and then turned into his’s own feature. Zhang CiGong researched and clarified the essence of traditional Chinese medicine theory, and made it flourish. He found the real cause of the disease when treatment,used the holistic approach and syndrome differentiation treatment. He gathered his own experience into the ancients experience and emphasis on practice when he gave Chinese Herbal. [Conclusions]Zhang CiGong’s learning was great and we should learn from him.

Ebola virus(EBOV)and Marburg virus(MARV),belonging to the Filoviridae family,emerged four decades ago and caused severe viral hemorrhagic fever in human and other primates.As high as 50-90% mortality,filoviruses can cause significant threats to public health.However,so far no specific and efficient vaccine has been available,nor have other treatment methods proved to be effective.It is of great importance to detect these pathogens specific,rapidly and sensitively in order to control future filovirus outbreaks.Here,recent progresses in the development of detection and diagnosis methods for EBOV and MARV are summarized.

OBJECTIVEThis study was conducted to investigate the correlation between anemia and postoperative chemotherapy in elderly cancer patients.

METHODSOne hundred and fifty-seven elderly patients ( age ≥ 60) with pathologically confirmed breast, lung and digestive tract cancers, who had HGB ≥ 120 g/L and ECOG scores 0-2, were included in this study. We reviewed their clinicopathological data and analyzed the correlation of anemia in breast cancer patients after 1, 3 or 5 cycles and lung cancer patients after 1, 2 or 3 cycles of postoperative chemotherapy.

RESULTSAmong the 157 cases, the overall proportion of anemia was 31.8% (50/157) , with 18.8% in male and 47.2% in female patients (P < 0.001). After three cycles of chemotherapy, the proportion of anemia was 57.9% in lung cancer, 34.5% in breast cancer, 26.3% in gastric cancer and 9.3% in colorectal cancer patients (P < 0.001). The proportion of anemia during 5 cycles chemotherapy (three cycles in lung cancer) was gradually increasing. In the lung cancer patients, anemia was observed in 66.7% of patients who received vinorelbine plus cispiatin regimen and 25.0% of cases who received vinorelbine regimen chemotherapy (P = 0.044).

CONCLUSIONSIn most elderly patients with normal hemoglobin level and in good conditions, the chemotherapy-related anemia is mild and less frequent. Age should not limit the adjuvant chemotherapy in elderly cancer patients. Attention should be paid to the possibility of anemia in elderly female lung cancer patients receiving multiple cycle platinum-based chemotherapy regimens.

Aged ; Anemia ; chemically induced ; epidemiology ; Antineoplastic Agents ; adverse effects ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Cisplatin ; adverse effects ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stomach Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Vinblastine ; adverse effects ; analogs & derivatives

ObjectiveTo observe cluster needling of scalp acupuncture combined with rehabilitation(Tang's Approach) as an early intervention for the children with high-risk of cerebral palsy.Methods62 infants with high-risk of cerebral palsy in hospital from Jan. 2006 to Dec. 2008 were divided into the acupuncture with rehabilitation group and rehabilitation group. The scores of Mental Develop Mental Index (MDI) and Psycho-Motor Developmental Index (PDI) were assessed before and 3 months after the treatment. ResultsThe scores of MDI and PDI were better in acupuncture with rehabilitation group than in the rehabilitation group 3 months after the treatment (P＜0.01). There were significant differences in reducing dysfunction in the acupuncture with rehabilitation group compared with the rehabilitation group (P＜0.01). The follow-up result showed that there were certain advantages in reducing incidence of cerebral palsy by the acupuncture combined with rehabilitation. ConclusionAs an early intervention, Tang's Approach can improve motor function in children with high-risk cerebral palsy.

Meniere's disease (MD), a kind of common disease of otology, is based on the endolymphatic hydrops. The clinical features of MD are intermittent episodes of vertigo, fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus and ear fullness. With the in-depth exploration of the disease, the diagnosis and treatment of MD has made a series of research results. In this paper, the related literature and research reports in recent years were reviewed.
Endolymphatic Hydrops ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; Humans ; Meniere Disease ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Tinnitus ; Vertigo

The bone is a common site of metastasis for gastric cancer. High-risk factors of metastatic gastric cancer include young age, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, Borrmann type III tumors, depth of invasion at Se and Pm levels, positive lymph nodes, and gastric cancer with concomitant body of stomach cancer. More than half of the transfer pathway belongs to the non-portal system. Cases of gastric cancer with bone metastasis but without liver metastasis accounted for 69%of the total gastric cancer cases, whereas the incidence rate of bone metastasis with lymph node metastasis (≥3 cm away from the primary lesion) was 27%. In addition to the tumor markers human chorionic gonadotropin and carcinoembryonic antigen, radionuclide scan of the bone metastasis provides diagnostic pathways and reliable basis for treatment. Chemoradiation and surgery as symptomatic treatments are alternative therapies for stomach cancer. Bone metastasis confers unfavorable prognosis, and the survival time is often less than six months.

The microvasculature of the lung of three humans was studied with the replicascanning electron microscopic method. The pulmonary arteriole belongs to microvasculature at the level of the respiratory bronchiole and gives out some side branches to the alveoli. The diameter of the arteriole is about 30-50 ?m. The arteriole divided into terminal arterioles, which accompanied with primary alveolar ducts. The diameter of the terminal arteriole is about 10-20 ?m, 17.35?1.62 ?m in average (n=30). There are obvious imprints of smooth muscles and endothelial nuclei on the surface of the casts of arteriole and terminal arteriole. The diameter of the alveolar capillary is 5.87?0.90 ?m in average (n=500). The proportion of the capillary area arround the alveole is 66?1.4%. There are two patterns of capillary network, i. e. long mesh and round mesh in type. The diameter of the mesh is (9.24?2.02)?(5.65?1.40) and 5.75?0.84 ?m, respectively. The distance of the mesh center is 17.13?1.74 ?m (long) and 11.52?1.12 ?m (short) in long mesh, and 11.63?0.88 ?m in round mesh. The capillary network of the long mesh located at the entrance and the base of the alveoli; and the round mesh in the area between them. The metaarteriole supplying the alveoli enters the alveoli at their entrance and thev venule draining the alveoli at their base. The distance between them is about 330 ?m.According to the microvascular architecture, the pulmonary microvasculature may be divided into three ordered units: i. e. the alveolar, the alveolar duct, and the respiratory bronchiolar units.