Huolinguole lignite was sequentially extracted with carbon disulfide, ethyl acetate, methanol and acetone.All of the extracts were analyzed using a time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS) equipped with an atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) ion source.Toluene or 1,4-difluorobenzene was chosen as dopant for APPI.The results indicated that both dopants could well ionize compounds which could not be ionized by APPI without dopant.Toluene induced higher ionization efficiency than 1,4-difluorobenzene.Some compounds in the extracts were identified as dimers, which might be formed via molecular association.Heteroatoms were identified in all of the associated molecules.Molecular weight distributions under three APPI ionization modes were similar.Compounds with molecular weight from 200 to 500 Da occupied 60% of all the products and around 10% of the products had molecular weight over 500 Da.

At present, ray-casting algorithm is the most widely used algorithm in the field of medical image visualization, and it can achieve the best image quality. Due to large amounts of computation like sampling, gradient, lighting and blending calculation, the cost of ray-casting algorithm is very large. The characteristic of Streaming single instruction multiple datum extensions (SSE) instruction--supporting vector computation--can satisfy the property of ray-casting algorithm well. Therefore, in this paper, we improved the implementation efficient significantly by vectorization of gradient, lighting and blending calculation, and still achieved a high quality image at the same time.
Algorithms ; Humans ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Pattern Recognition, Automated ; methods

Objective To investigate the effect of Exosomes derived from lung cancer cells on the migration of secretory cells and homologous tumor cells and to explore the role of PI3K/Akt and SRC signaling pathways in this process.Methods Exosomes were isolated from the supematant post density gradient centrifugation of A549,lung cancer cells.Morphology of the Exosomes was studied using transmission electron microscopy.Protein expression was analyzed using Western blotting.Cell migration was analyzed by a transwell assay.Results The double-membrane-bound Exosomes appeared as discal-shaped structures,30-100 nm in diameter.Western blotting showed that CD9 was abundant in the Exosomes.The Exosomes promoted the migration of A549 cells and their homologous tumor cells,HCC827 in a dose-dependent manner,accompanied by the activation of Akt and SRC.Conclusion The Exosomes derived from A549 (lung cancer) cells promote the migration of the secreting cells and the homologous tumor cells.The mechanism may be correlated with the activation of Akt and SRC.

Objective Increasing evidence suggest that aberrant activation of PI3K/Akt is involved in many human cancers, and that inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway might be a promising strategy for cancer therapy. The study is to evaluate the effects of combined therapy of PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) and Ad-PTEN in athymic mice xenogeneic transplant model of human glioma and to reveal the possible mechanisms involved.Methods Twenty-four athymic mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (DMSO、Ad-vector plus DMSO、LY294002 alone and Ad-PTEN plus LY294002), and were treated, respectively. Athymic mice xenogeneic transplant model was established by inoculation (sc) with LN229 glioma cells. Body mass (BM) and diameter of tumor mass were measured. Furthermore, The protein expressions of PTEN、p-Akt、CyclinD1、Caspase-3、MMP-2、p-FAK in tumor tissues were analyzed with immunohistochemistry.Results The tumor-inhibiting rate of was significantly higher in Ad-PTEN plus LY294002 than in the LY294002 alone (92.46 vs 65.59%)( P <0.05).The protein expressions of PTEN and Caspase-3 were significantly higher, while PCNA、CyclinD1、bcl-2 and MMP-2、p-FAK was significantly lower in Ad-PTEN plus LY294002 group than in the other three groups ( P <0.05).Conclusions LY294002 plus Ad-PTEN achieve better outcome than either alone in treating glioma possibly through enhancement of the inhibitory action of PI3K/Akt pathway and Ad-PTEN pathway.

Objective To explore the effect of Exosomes isolated from the A549 lung cancer cells on the proliferation of these cells and their ho?mologous tumor cells,HCC827,and the role of the PI3K/Akt and SRC signaling pathways in this process. Methods Exosomes were isolated from the supernatant after density gradient centrifugation of A549 cells. The Exosomes morphology was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The expression of the Exosome?specific proteins was analyzed using Western blotting. Cell proliferation was investigated using the MTT assay. Re?sults The A549?derived Exosomes were 30?100 nm in diameter and had a bilayer membrane.Western blotting showed that CD9 was detected in these Exosomes. The isolated Exosomes promoted the proliferation of the A549 and the HCC827 cells in a dose?and time?dependent manner,ac?companied by the activation of Akt and SRC. Conclusion Exosomes isolated from A549 cells promote the proliferation of the secreting cells and the homologous tumor cells in a dose?and time?dependent manner. The mechanism may be related to the activation of Akt and SRC.

Objective To investigate the effects of percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)on life quality and cardiac events in elderly patients with stable angina owing to chronic coronary total occlusion(CTO).Methods Patients with stable angina due to CTO hospitalized in Beijing Anzhen Hospital from January 2015 to January 2018 were consecutively recruited in this prospective study,and were randomly divided into the combined treatment group(n=44)and the control group (n=43).Patients in the combined treatment group were treated with PCI and optimal medical therapy,and those in the control group were treated with optimal medical therapy alone.Patients followed up for 6 months after treatment.Cardiac function,life quality(Seattle angina questionnaire,SAQ)and adverse cardiovascular events were compared before and after treatment.Results A total of 87 patients were involved,with a mean age of (69.5 ± 7.2) years.Basic characteristics,including age,sex ratio,previous history,left ventricular ejection fraction,coronary artery lesions and SAQ scores,were similar between the groups(P＞0.05).After a 6 month post treatment follow up,SAQ scores improved in all patients,compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05).Moreover,patients in the combined treatment group had higher SAQ scores on physical limitation(86.3 ± 11.6 vs.76.3 ± 21.3),angina stability(67.3 ±24.5 vs.57.3±21.2)and angina frequency(93.3±4.3 vs.86.4±8.3)than those in the control group (P ＜0.05).There was no significant difference in major adverse cardiovascular event rate between the groups[18.2％(8 cases) vs.16.3％(7 cases),X2 =0.055,P＞0.05].Conclusions Combined with optimal medical therapy,PCI can improve the life quality in elderly patients with stable angina due to CTO,but has no significant influence on the short-term major adverse cardiovascular event rate.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of Sacubitril/Valsartan in the treatment of chronic heart failure in elderly patients with dilated cardiomyopathy.Methods A total of 126 elderly patients with dilated cardiomyopathy induced chronic heart failure who were treated in Beijing Anzhen Hospital from January 2017 to December 2017 were enrolled and randomly divided into the experimental group(n=62)and the control group(n=64).All patients were given a standard heart failure treatment,and the experimental group underwent sacubitril/valsartan(100 mg Bid)and the control group received benazepril (10 mg Qd)additionally for 12 months.Left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP),six-minute walk test(6MWT) and major adverse cardiovascular events(mortality and readmission for heart failure)were compared between the two groups.Results Of 126 elderly patients,73 patients(57.9％)were male,and 53were female,with a mean ± SD age of (67.2 ± 5.8) years.Basic characteristics,including age,gender,clinical history of hypertension and diabetes,LVEF,NT-proBNP and 6MWT,showed no significant difference between two groups (P ＜ 0.05).After 12 months of treatment,symptomatic hypotension occurred in one cases in each group.In the control group,NT-proBNP level was decreased after treatment as compared with before treatment[(983.3± 326.1) ng/L vs.(1 779.1 ± 478.1) ng/L,P ＜0.05],and no significant difference was found in LVEF and 6MWT at post-treatment versus pretreatment(P ＞ 0.05).In the experimental group,LVEF,NT-proBNP level and 6MWT were significantly improved in post-treatment versus pre-treatment (P ＞ 0.05).And LVEF,NT-proBNP level and 6MWT were significantly better in the experimental group than in the control group[(38.5 ±3.1)％ vs.(36.9±3.0)％,(744.5±246.7) ng/L vs.(983.3±326.1) ng/L,(323.4±60.5) m vs.(283.5±45.9)m,P＜0.05].The readmission rate for heart failure was lower in the experimental group than in the control group(26.6％ or 19 cases vs.46.8％ or 30 cases,P＜0.05),while no significant difference was found in mortality between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Compared with benazepril,sacubitril/valsartan can improve the left ventricular function and exercise tolerance,and reduce the readmission rate due to chronic heart failure in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy.However,more studies are needed to assess the effects of sacubitril/valsartanthe on the prognosis of advanced elderly patients(＞88 years old)who have a preserved LVEF and a chronic end-stage heart failure(NYHA Ⅳ),and start the drug administration at different time points(before or after discharge).

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (HCRP/ALB) for the death in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).Methods:The clinical data of patients with ACS [including unstable angina (UA), non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)] admitted to Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 2018 to August 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The plasma HCRP and ALB were recorded and the HCRP/ALB ratio was calculated. Patients were divided into death group and survival group according to the hospital outcome. The differences of baseline data and biochemical indexes between the two groups were compared. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) was used to analyze the predictive value of each variable to death. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of death.Results:Among the 1 722 ACS patients, 74 died in hospital. Comparison of baseline data between death group and survival group showed that the other baseline data were statistically different except for the rate of hyperlipidemia. Among them, patients in death group had higher heart rate (HR), HCRP, B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), HCRP/ALB [HR (bpm): 89±19 vs. 73±15, HCRP (mg/L): 23.24 (9.79, 33.69) vs. 3.57 (1.03, 14.26), BNP (ng/L): 424.0 (164.3, 1 596.1) vs. 79.0 (31.0, 211.4), HCRP/ALB: 0.700 (0.289, 1.017) vs. 0.089 (0.026, 0.368), all P < 0.01], while ALB was lower (g/L: 35.37±5.16 vs. 39.97±6.43, P < 0.01). ROC curve analysis showed that area under ROC curve and 95% confidence interval [AUC (95% CI)] of BNP, HCRP and HCRP/ALB for predicting death were 0.781 (0.717-0.845), 0.790 (0.724-0.856) and 0.803 (0.738-0.869), respectively. The Youden index of HCRP/ALB was 0.559, and the corresponding HCRP/ALB was 0.246. The patients were divided into low HCRP/ALB group (HCRP/ALB≤ 0.246, 1 163 cases) and high HCRP/ALB group (HCRP/ALB > 0.246, 559 cases). Except for gender, previous smoking, hypertension and diabetes rates, the other baseline data were statistically different between the two groups. Patients in the high HCRP/ALB group had a higher mortality (10.4% vs. 1.4%, P < 0.01), higher rates of implanted intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP, 12.7% vs. 2.7%, P < 0.01), higher BNP, HCRP, HCRP/ALB [BNP (ng/L): 253.0 (82.8, 749.0) vs. 60.0 (26.0, 145.2), HCRP (mg/L): 25.42±17.47 vs. 2.62±2.43, HCRP/ALB: 0.700±0.435 vs. 0.066±0.062, all P < 0.01], while lower ALB (g/L: 36.89±4.30 vs. 41.17±6.83, P < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that higher HR [odds ratio ( OR) = 1.037, 95% CI was 1.020-1.055, P = 0.000] and higher HCRP/ALB ( OR = 3.835, 95% CI was 1.612-9.125, P = 0.002) were independent risk factors for the death in ACS patients, while higher ALB could reduce the mortality in ACS patients ( OR = 0.884, 95% CI was 0.818-0.957, P = 0.002). Conclusions:The higher the HCRP/ALB, the higher the risk of death in patients with ACS. When HCRP/ALB is greater than 0.246, the patient has a higher mortality. Therefore, HCRP/ALB in patients with ACS can be used as an effective predictor for death risk.

Objective:This was a retrospective study to analyze the risk factors for death in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with cardiogenic shock(AMICS) under mechanical circulatory support(MCS).Methods:This study included 234 patients with AMICS who were admitted to Anzhen Hospital in Beijing from January 2018 to January 2024.Among them, 79 cases died and 155 cases survived. 117 patients received MCS after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)(defined as delayed MCS treatment). Baseline and clinical data of patients in the death group and the survival group were compared to analyze the potential risk factors that may affect death.Results:Statistical analysis showed that higher white blood cell count( OR=1.017, P=0.003, 95% CI: 1.005-1.028), higher arterial lactate level( OR=2.021, P<0.001, 95% CI: 1.463-2.794), three-vessel coronary artery disease( OR=3.179, P<0.001, 95% CI: 1.679-6.019), delayed MCS treatment( OR=4.691, P=0.001, 95% CI: 1.955-11.258), MCS assisted aortic balloon counterpulsation alone(IABP)( OR=4.140, P<0.001, 95% CI: 2.230-7.786)were independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality in AMICS patients under mechanical circulatory support. The arterial lactate level were shown to be predictive of death in patients with AMICS assisted by MCS, and an area under the receiving operating characteristic curve of 0.719, P<0.001, 95% CI: 0.667-0.770, the maximum Youden index was 0.395, and the cutoff value of 5.05 mmol/L. Conclusion:Higher number of white blood cells, high arterial lactate level(>5.05 mmol/L), three-vessel coronary artery disease, delayed MCS treatment, and McS-assisted aortic balloon counterpulsation alone were independent risk factors for mortality in patients with McS-assisted AMICS.