Amblyopia is a common visual development disorder and is the main cause of monocular vision impairment in children and adults. Photobiomodulation(PBM), a non-invasive treatment method, has gradually gained attention in the field of ophthalmology. This paper begins with the macroscopic manifestation of light on the animal model of amblyopia. Additionally, it discusses the pathological changes of the amblyopic retina and the human eye's central nervous system, as well as the influence and mechanism of PBM on the visual perception and processing system and its chemical effect on the visual system through dopamine and melatonin. It examines its mechanism of action, current clinical application status, and future development direction in order to provide new ideas and theoretical foundation for amblyopia treatment.

Aim To investigate the cytotoxicity of glycerol aerosol on human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549) by air-liquid interface exposure, aimingto provide a guidance for the application of glycerol in inhalation products and e-cigarettes. Methods A549 cells cultured at air-liquid interface condition were exposed by VITROCELL cloud exposure system. Firstly, the delivery efficiency of the system was verified by fluorescein sodium, and repeatability and difference between inserts were investigated. Then, a glycerol aerosol airliquid interface exposure test was performed, and a negative control (1% PBS) and high, medium, and low dose of glycerol(10%, 6%, and 4%) were set to examine the cell viability, LDH release, as well as the expression of IL-6. Results The exposure system delivered an accurate dose. The delivery efficiency was high, the deposition rate was 53. 4%, and the characteristic parameters such as repeatability was 14. 8% and insert-insert difference was 5. 2%. After exposure to aerosolized glycerol, there was no significant difference in cell variability, LDH release, and IL-6 expression of A549 cells compared to the negative control. Conclusions A reliable and rapid in vitro model of acute exposure model of the respiratory tract is established. A single short-term exposure to aerosolized glycerol has no significant effect on cell viability and cytotoxicity, as well as inflammatory changes.

According to the valvular theory, the vibrations affected by the mitral and tricuspid valves closure in early systole produce the first heart sound (S1). S1 usually includes many frequency components. In this paper, a method using the multi-resolution analysis of wavelet transformation is recommended for detecting the frequency range of S1. First, S1 was decomposed into different levels on frequency. Then the normalized Shannon energy of the different levels was calculated. The level containing the maximum energy is the major components' level of S1. The frequency range of this level is the major frequency range of S1. The frequency range of S1 was successfully detected by the method.
Algorithms ; Heart Sounds ; Humans ; Phonocardiography ; methods ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

Objective: Study on the chemical constituents in the ethyl acetate phase extracted from the fruiting bodies of Amauroderma rude. Methods: Silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 gel and liquid chromatography were used to separate and purify the chemical constituents in fruiting bodies of Amauroderma rude. The compounds were identified according to their physical and chemical properties and spectroscopic data. Results: Three compounds including one new lignan and two known sterols were isolated from the ethyl acetate phase of this fungus. Their structures were identified as 3,4-dihydroxyphenacyl acetyl ketone (1), (22E, 24R)-3β,5α-dihydrox-yerogosta-7,22-diene-6-one (2), and (22E,24R)-ergosta-6,9,22-trien-3β,5α,8α-triol (3). Conclusion: Compound 1 was a new lignan and named amaurolignan B.

Objective: To screen and evaluate DNA barcoding of Amomun tsao-ko populations in Yunnan. Methods: ITS, psbA-trnH, matK, rbcL, and ycf1 sequences were screened and evaluated using A. tsao-ko as samples. The samples of A. tsao-ko population were amplified and sequenced. The sequences were spliced with Genestar, and then processed with Mega for data processing. And A. tsao-ko diversity and identification were analyzed and discussed. Results: The length of the amplified fragments of primers ITS5 and ITS4 was approximately 520 bp; The length of the amplified fragments of the primers rbcLa-F and rbcLa-R was approximately 498 bp; The length of the amplified fragments of the primers ycf1-bF and ycf1-bR was approximately 800 bp; The length of the amplified fragments of the primers psbA-trnH-1F and psbA-trnH-1R was approximately 400 bp; The length of the amplified fragments of the primers matK-2F and matK-2R was approximately 470 bp. The success rate of amplification and sequencing was high, and most of the results were available. By analyzing the amplification results of ITS, psbA-trnH, matK and ycf1 sequences of A. tsao-ko, A. tsao-ko and other Amomum genus plants can be clearly distinguished; All samples of the ITS sequence were divided into MG5 white flower A. tsao-ko population and other populations; All samples of the psbA-trnH sequence were divided into MG5 white flower A. tsao-ko population, MG6 yellow flower A. tsao-ko population and other populations; All samples of the matK sequence were divided into MG6 A. tsao-ko population and other populations. The MG5 white flower A. tsao-ko sample failed to be amplified; All samples of the ycf1 sequence were divided into the MG6 yellow flower A. tsao-ko population and other populations, and the MG5 white flower A. tsao-ko population was clustered with the other 22 A. tsao-ko populations; The amplification of rbcL sequence was consistent for all samples. Conclusion: The ITS, matK, psbA-trnH and ycf1 sequences can accurately distinguish A. tsao-ko from other plants of Amomum genus; The sequence site variations were found in matK, psbA-trnH and ycf1 sequences of MG6. This research has contributed to the selection and breeding of A. tsao-ko varieties. ITS and psbA-trnHsequences can distinguish yellow flower and white flower of A. tsao-ko; There is no variation in the rbcL sequence of all samples of white and yellow flowers of A. tsao-ko, and Amomum tsao-ko and other plants of Amomum genus cannot be identified with the rbcL sequence, which can be discarded.

Objective To evaluate the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of Amomun tsao-ko populations in Yunnan. Methods Seven pairs of microsatellite (SSR) primers were used to analyze 24 A. tsao-ko populations; First, GenALEx was used to calculate genetic diversity parameters, PCoA and AMOVA analysis was carried out; NTsys software was then used to draw population clusters map; And finally, the Structure software was used to calculate the best K value. Results The average of Shannon’s diversity index (H) of the 24 A. tsao-ko populations was 0.49, the average of heterozygosity (He) was 0.32, the genetic differentiation coefficient (Fst) was 0.090, and the gene flow (Nm) was 2.930. Eighty-one percent of the genetic differentiation among the 24 populations of A. tsao-ko existed within the population, and only 19% existed among the populations. The genetic identity (I) of the 23 A. tsao-ko populations of yellow flowers was 0.631 8-0.982 4. The genetic distance (D) was in the range of 0.017 7- 0.459 2, while the consistency degree of the A. tsao-ko population of white flower (MG5) and 23 other yellow flowers was 0.369 7-0.609 0. However, cluster analysis showed that A. tsao-ko population of the white flowers and yellow flowers were clearly separated at the genetic distance of 0.49. Structure clustering showed 209 A. tsao-ko resources can be divided into four groups when K value was 4. Conclusion The genetic diversity of A. tsao-ko populations of yellow flowers of Yunnan is higher on average, and the genetic variation is mainly found in population rather than among populations. According to the genotypes, A. tsao-ko of yellow flower and white flower are clearly divided into two categories, and the genetic distance is very far; and the yellow flower of A. tsao-ko is roughly divided into four groups.

Objective To investigate the drug resistance characteristics and epidemic trend of Escherichia coli in Anning, Yunnan, and to provide a reference for clinical rational use of antibiotics. Methods A total of 376 strains of Escherichia coli were isolated from June 2018 to June 2019 from Kungang Hospital of Yunnan Province. The ESBLs producing strains were screened by double disk method and the sensitivity of ESBLs to antibiotics was detected by K-B method. The genotyping of ESBLs strains and the class I, II and III integrase genes in integron 3^' and 5^' conservative regions was conducted using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results The detection rate of ESBLs producing Escherichia coli was 53.19% (200/376). ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli had a low resistance rate to carbapenem antibacterial drugs with a relatively high sensitivity. The resistance rates to amikacin and piperacillin were 7.50% and 12.50% respectively, which had good antibacterial activity. The resistance rate to other antibiotics was high. There were 74.00% (148/ 200) of ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli carrying CTX-M gene, 34.50% (69/200) carrying TEM genes, and 1.00% (2/200) of strains carrying SHV genes. In addition, there were 9.00% (18/200) of strains carrying both CTX-M and TEM genes, and 0.50% (1/200) of strains carrying both CTX-M and SHV genes. The detection rate of integrons accounted for 37.00% (74/200), all of which were class I integrons. Conclusion The prevalence of ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli was relatively high in Anning, Yunnan. ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli showed a trend of multi-drug resistance. The genotype was mainly CTX-M, and the integron was classified as class I.

AIM: To analyze the strabismus surgery situation of adolescents and children in Yunnan province.METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on medical records data of 3 068 adolescents and children who received strabismus surgery at Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University from January 2017 to December 2021. The analysis included gender, constituent ratio of age, distribution of strabismus types and combination with other ocular diseases, etc.RESULTS: Among the included patients, 52.12% were males, and 47.88% were females. Preschool patients(1 to 6 years old)accounted for 32.89%, primary pupils(7 to 12 years old)accounted for 45.89% and high school students(13 to 18 years old)accounted for 21.22%. Exotropia accounted for 63.17% of the total strabismus, of which intermittent exotropia was the most common type. Esotropia accounted for 19.69%, and concomitant esotropia was the most common type. The special type of strabismus accounted for 17.14%, and A-V syndrome and dissociative vertical deviation(DVD)were the most common types. Strabismus combined with ametropia accounted for 61.02% and amblyopia accounted for 10.89%. A few patients also combined with other eye diseases.CONCLUSION: In Yunnan province, intermittent exotropia was the most common type of strabismus among adolescents and children. Some patients combined with other ocular diseases.

Pseudoexfoliative glaucoma(PEXG)is an eye disease that seriously endangers vision. It is more invasive than primary open-angle glaucoma(POAG), with more serious damage to the optic nerve, worse prognosis and higher resistance to treatment. Early diagnosis of PEXG can help to treat the disease in time and delay the progress of the disease, so it is important to determine appropriate biomarkers. In recent years, more and more people have begun to study the biomarkers of PEXG, hoping to understand the pathogenesis of the disease, find out the potential early diagnosis and treatment targets of PEXG, and provide some help to the disease through the research of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and lipomics markers. This article will review the progress of biomarkers of PEXG in recent years, some biomarkers may provide new ideas for early diagnosis of PEXG in the future.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the efficacy of hematopoietic stem cells cryopreserved by ladder-style freezing from low temperature refrigerator to liquid nitrogen in treatment of hematological malignancies, and to analyze the survival condition of patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

METHODSThe coyoprotectant formed by 3% hydroxyethyl starch, 4% albumin and 5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was need for cryopreservation of hematopoietic stem cells,which were first placed in -80C low temperature refrigerator and then were stored in -196C liquid nitrogen tank. 98 cases of hemafologic malignancies (io cases of ALL, 24 cases of AML, L-cases of MM and 53 case of malignant lymphoma) were selected from January 2002 to December 2016, and recived transplantatin auto-hematopoiehc stem cells cryopresorved by above-mentined method. The overall survival rate (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed statistically.

RESULTSOne case failed in implantation due to intracranial hemorrhage and the other 97 cases all succeeded in hematopoietic reconstitution. The average time needed for neutrophil count ≥0.5×10/L was 9.24±1.89 d, and the average time needed for blood platelet ≥20×10/L without platelet transfusion for 3 days was 11.04±1.84 d. The median survival time was 47.6 months (1-80 months). The 3 and 5 year OS rates were (97.2±1.9) %, (84.2±4.6) % and (77.8±5.6) %, respectively. 3- and 5-year PFS of patients were (74.4±5.1)% and (61.2±6.2)%.

CONCLUSIONladder-style freezing from low temperature refrigerator to liquid nitrogen can reach the same clinical transplantation effect with traditional programmed cooling freezing method in autologous hematopoietic stem cells transplantation. moreover the incidence of complications after transpeantatim does not show increase.