Objective To evaluate the safety of the levels of fluoride,arsenic and lead in toothpaste and the microbiological index of the toothpaste saled in Tianjin. Methods 60 tubes of toothpaste were sampled from the department stores and shops in Tianjin. The toothpaste samples included 14 tubes of commen toothpaste,18 tubes of medicated toothpaste,28 tubes of toothpaste blended with fluoride. Among 28 tubes of fluoride-adding toothpaste,6 tubes were specially used for children,19 tubes were domestic products for adults,3 tubes were imported for adults. All of the domestic toothpaste sampled were made in more than 10 cities and privinces such as: Tianjin,Beijing,Shanghai,Guangdong,etc. The levels of fluoride in toothpaste were determined by ion selective electrode,arsenic and lead were determined by inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy,the microbiological indexes were determined based on GB8372-1995 (toothpaste?雪. Results The contentes of soluble fluoride were 539-877 mg/kg for 5 tubes of fluoride-adding toothpaste used for children, 1 582-1 697 mg/kg for 3 tubes of domestic fluoride-adding toothpaste used for adults. The content of lead in an tubes of imported toothpaste was as high as 43.09 mg/kg,2.9 time the value of the national standard. The total count of bacteria,the count of fecal coliform,Paeruginosa,Staph aureus in 52 tubes of toothpaste sampled met the requirement of the related national standards. Conclusion The sanitary quality of 60 tubes of toothpaste sampled for this study saled in Tianjin was qualified in general,but very few had the sanitary problems in the aspects of fluoride excess in domestic fluoride-adding toothpaste and lead excess in imported toothpaste.

Objective To evaluate factors associated with mechanical ventilation in infants and young children undergoing cardiac surgery with pulmonary hypertension.Methods 161 Children who were ≤36 months of age, had congenital heart disease with pulmonary hypertension, and had been treated at our hospital between October 2011 and April 2013 were included in this retrospective study.Stepwise linear regression analysis was used to analyse the independent risk factors associated with mechanical ventilation (MV).Results The average of MV time was 40.9 h, the independent risk factors for MV were cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) time (P =0.020), risk adjustment for surgery for congenital heart disease (RACHS-1) (P =0.014) ,low cardiac output syndrome(LCOS) (P ＜0.001), ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP) (P =0.001) and postoperative pulmonary artery systolic pressure (sPAP) (P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion The present results suggest that CPB time,RACHS-1 score, LCOS, VAP and postoperative sPAP can significantly affect the MV time in infants and young children with pulmonary hypertension after cardiac surgery.

As the dressings currently used in clinic settings unflat shape in general, they can't be fitted completely on occiput, heel, elbow, knee and other body parts unflat. This paper developed one kind of foam dressing of special shape based on local anatomy. The foam dressing is waterproof and air permeable, it can cover the wound closely enough to prevent bacteria from invasion and infection. With a saturated absorption ratio of 1: 8 or higher, it can keep the wound clean and moisture by absorbing large amounts of wound inflammatory secretions and is almost completely permeable to oxygen and carbon dioxide. Assuring safety and effect meanwhile, it has better outcomes than common dressings in the same application settings.
Bandages ; Wound Healing

The vascular architecture of the adult man testis was examined by using thevascular casting method combined with scanning electron microscopy.The circuitousmain branches of testicular artery ran radially from testicular porta towards testicu-lar free border in tunica vasculosa.The test(?)cular surface veins were accompaniedby the main branches of testicular artery and they converged from testicular circum-ference circuitously towards testicular porta.There were centripetal artery andvein as well as centrifugal artery and vein in the septula testis.The intertubularblood vessels and the peritubular capillary plexus were contained in the testicularlobules.The latter was made up of two capillary layers.The outer layer was capil-lary network interwined in fine capillaries.The inner layer was coarse capillarycircles.The interstitial capillary plexus was situated in interstitial tissue between theseminiferous tubules and compose of capillaries arising from the origin of someperitubular capillaries.

Hearts from eight adult dogs were perfused through both coronary arteries with methylmethacrylate. Small specimens cut out from the left ventricular wall were eroded in 50% HCL for 5-7 days. The replicas were studied under the SEM (S-450). The main results were outlined as follows: The subendocardial capillary plexus composed of varied shapes and orientation of meshes was present. The capillary network of the myocardial layers was consisted of many parallel capillaries and between them a variety of models of anastomoses, such as "H" "K" and "8" modes etc, were observed. In our findings, it was demonstrated that the arteriole and venule were distributed between the myocardial bundles and their direction was often perpendicular to the myocardial bundles. The postcapillary venules were poured into venule by the "ginger or turnip root" arrangement. The replicas of the Thebesian veins were proved in our specimens. The A-V shunting was not observed.

The structure, karyotype and behavior of synaptonemal complex (SC) in the spermatocytes of hedgehog (Erinaceus euroaaus dealbatus (insectivora)) were analyzed by light and electron microscopy with a modified surface spread preparation which involves the use of sodium dodecyl-sulphate (SDS) and silver staining. The lateral elements of the synaptonemal complex have a constant width of about 50 nm, the distance between the two lateral elements is about 100 nm. The relative length and arm rationale constant for each autosomal SC. The relative length and arm ratio constant for ea of the autosomal SCs are very similar to that of mitotic autosome.The X and Y chromosome axes have a clear morphological distinction from the autosomal SC. The axes of X and Y chromosome pair and form a SC of certain length at pachytene stage. The axes of unpaired X and Y chromosome are heteropycnotic and display various morphological complexities. But these differentiations in hedgehog are primary than in other mammalians, such as human and mice. At pachytene stage the X and Y chromosome display an extensive side-by-side pairing segment with decreasing length as meiotic prophase progressed.

Objective To study the role of D‐lactate gradient across the lung in the rapid diagnosis of pneumonia and evalua‐tion of therapeutic efficacy .Methods Patients were divided into pneumonia group (n=46) and non‐pneumonia group (n=28) in ICU .D‐lactate gradient across the lung were calculated by the difference between arterial and mixed‐venous D‐lactate concentrations before the treatment ,after 3 and 7 days of treatment .Serum procalcitonin (PCT) ,Oxygenation index ,the lung injury score (LIS) and clinical pulmonary infection score(CPIS) were recorded at the same time .Results The mean D‐lactate gradient across the lung in pneumonia group was significantly higher than that in non‐pneumonia group[(163 .84 ± 10 .72) ng/mL vs .(30 .33 ± 7 .25) ng/mL ,P<0 .01) ]before treatment .Using a cut‐off value of 106 .11 ng/mL ,D‐lactate gradient across the lung′s sensitivity for di‐agnosis pneumonia was 90 .7% and its′specificity was 75 .5% .D‐lactate gradient across the lung correlated with LIS (r= 0 .554 , P<0 .01) and CPIS(r=0 .543 ,P<0 .01) .Conclusion D‐lactate gradient across the lung correlates with lung injury and pulmonary infection positively and may be a potential biomarker for rapid diagnosis of pneumonia .

The development of efficient molecular imaging probes with high specificity, high sensitivity, and low toxicity is the core in promoting the development of cancer molecular imaging technology. Natural expressed purified protein-based nanocage with self-assembling ability to form intrinsically cavity structure has been widely used to prepare various molecular imaging probes of cancer for its ideal physical properties, excellent biological compatibility, exceptional biodegradability as well as diverse engineering strategies. This paper focuses on the research progress of natural protein-based nanocage from the following aspects: various types of protein-based nanocages of different origins and compositions, cargos loading mechanisms, functionalization strategies, and their recent advances in cancer molecular imaging.

ObjectiveTo discuss the clinical value of serum CA125 and endometrial antibody (EMAb) for the diagnosis of endometriosis.Methods216 patients were determined by the presences of CA125 and EMAb before operation.ResultsAll cases were diagnosed by pathology after operation. CA125 positive rate in the endometriosis group was 58.3% and that in the control group was 12.5%. The difference between two groups was significant (P<0.01).EMAb positive rate in the endometriosis group was 31.3% and that in the control group was 14.3%. The difference between two groups was also significant (P<0.01). When determining CA125 alone to diagnose endometriosis, the sensitivity rate was 58.3% and specificity rate was 87.5%. If determining EMAb alone to diagnose endometriosis, the sensitivity rate was 31.3% and specificity rate was 85.7%. When one of them was used as diagnostic criterion, the sensitivity and specificity were 64.6% and 73.2% respectively. If combining use of both CA125 and EMAb as diagnostic criterion, the sensitivity and specificity were 25.0% and 100% respectively.Conclusions The determination of serum CA125 or EMAb levels is helpful for the qualitative diagnosis of endometriosis, especially using them combined, the diagnostic accuracy may be enhanced.

Objective To develop an overall health risk model and to evaluate its convergent validity and reliability.Methods Health examination results of 230 adults from a public institution were collected by using Chinese Health Risk Appraisal Questionnaire V1.0 (CHRAQ V1.0).An CHRAQ V1.0-based overall health risk model was then developed,which included 34 items.Kolmogorov-Smirnov was used to test normal distribution of the data.Pearson correlation coefficient and Spearman correlation coefficient were used to evaluate parallel validity of the model.Crane Bach coefficient,Spearman-Brown coefficient and test-retest reliability were calculated to evaluated the reliability of the model.Results In this study,212 valid questionnaires (92.17％) were received.The average score of the newly developed overall health risk model was 41.96 ± 9.69,and its kurtosis coefficient and coefficient of skewness were 2.105 and 0.862,respectively.In Kolmogorov-Smirnov,the data were normally distributed (Z =1.073,P =0.199).The correlation coefficient of positive rate of all objective examinations with model scores was 0.774 (P ＜ 0.05).The Cronbach's alpha coefficient,Spearman-Brown coefficient and test-retest reliability of the model were 0.652,0.784 and 0.841,respectively (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion In this investigation,our newly developed overall health risk model shows good validity and reliability and application prospect in the field of health management.