Objective To explore the relationship between trace elements proportion in food and health. Methods 45 mice aged 12 month were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group(n=16) and two experimental groups(n=15).The mice in the experimental groups were given Zn, Li, Fe, Se, Mn, Cu, Co in different proportion by food for 60 days, then all mice were sacrificed, thymus weight, spleen weight, thymus coefficient, spleen coefficient, bone indexes were determined. Results Supplementation of the trace elements in food increased the content of Ca2+ in the bone of the aged mice and proportion variety of trace elements might induce the changes of thymus weight, spleen weight, spleen coefficient and bone indexes. Conclusion The reasonable proportion of trace elements in food could increase the content of bone Ca2+ in aged mice.

Objective　To evaluate the results of radical resection for the treatment of Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) caused by short segmental lesions in inferior vena cava (IVC), and major hepatic veins (MHV).　Methods　In this series, resection of IVC occlusive segment and orthotopic artificial vascular graft transplantation were performed in 42 patients. Resection of major hepatic vein, hepatic venous plasty and orthotopic transplantation with artificial vascular graft were performed in 10 patients. Resection of major hepatic vein, anastomosis between hepatic vein and right artrium in 3 cases. Percutaneous transhepatic angioplasty in 10 cases.　Results　One patient died of complication. 58 cases were followed up for an average of 30 months. 3 cases in interventional group suffered recurrence and one in surgical group had recurrence.　Conclusions　The treatment of BCS by resecting inflicted segment of IVC or hepatic veins and orthotopic artificial vascular graft transplantation effect a radical cure in most cases.

Objective [WT5”BZ]To evaluate the results of radical resection for the treatment of Budd Chiari syndrome (BCS) caused by short segmental lesions in inferior vena cava (IVC), and major hepatic veins (MHV).[WT5”HZ]Methods [WT5”BZ]In this series, resection of IVC occlusive segment and orthotopic artificial vascular graft transplantation were performed in 42 patients. Resection of major hepatic vein, hepatic venous plasty and orthotopic transplantation with artificial vascular graft were performed in 10 patients. Resection of major hepatic vein, anastomosis between hepatic vein and right artrium in 3 cases. Percutaneous transhepatic angioplasty in 10 cases.[WT5”HZ]Results [WT5”BZ]One patient died of complication. 58 cases were followed up for an average of 30 months. 3 cases in interventional group suffered recurrence and one in surgical group had recurrence.[WT5”HZ]Conclusions [WT5”BZ]The treatment of BCS by resecting inflicted segment of IVC or hepatic veins and orthotopic artificial vascular graft transplantation effect a radical cure in most cases.

Objectives To evaluate methods to diagnose Budd-Chiari syndrome with inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombosis.Methods 31 cases underwent phlebography, 28 cases received color Doppler sonography preoperatively. Radical thrombectomy was carried out in 28 cases. Results IVC thrombi was found by phlebography in 24 cases, and by color Doppler sonograhy in 25 cases. There was no intraoperative death, nor acute pulmonary embolism.All patients were discharged uneventfully. Follow-up of 6 to 80 months found recurrence in 3 cases.Conclusions Large or lateral thrombi can be easily diagnosed by phlebography. Fresh or floating thrombi often missed by phlebography could be rushed out by blood stream at the time IVC was incised.The thrombi adhered to the IVC wall could be taken out with large balloon catheter or manually.

Objective To compare the efficiency of χ~2-Fisher's exact test which is one of the competitive null hypothesis approaches with SAM-GS which belongs toself-contained null hypothesis approaches. Methods The two methods were used to analyze a simulation experiment which contained five different scenarios. The results were compared with the simulated initialization,and assessing indexes were calculated to compare the efficiency. Results Under the same conditions,SAM-GS always have higher power than that of χ~2-fisher's exact test. However, the final inference is equivalent, namely if the difference between the two groups are smaller than 0.30,the two methods can not be better to identify differences between them. By contrary, when the differences between the two phenotypes are larger than 0.30, the two ways can both identify differences. Conclusion SAM-GS tends to have slightly higher power thanχ~2-Fisher' s exact test. The two methods can be used for screening enrichment gene sets of gene expression profile.χ~2-Fisher's exact test has the important advantage of being able to analyze multi-class phenotype.

Objective To evaluate factors associated with mechanical ventilation in infants and young children undergoing cardiac surgery with pulmonary hypertension.Methods 161 Children who were ≤36 months of age, had congenital heart disease with pulmonary hypertension, and had been treated at our hospital between October 2011 and April 2013 were included in this retrospective study.Stepwise linear regression analysis was used to analyse the independent risk factors associated with mechanical ventilation (MV).Results The average of MV time was 40.9 h, the independent risk factors for MV were cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) time (P =0.020), risk adjustment for surgery for congenital heart disease (RACHS-1) (P =0.014) ,low cardiac output syndrome(LCOS) (P ＜0.001), ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP) (P =0.001) and postoperative pulmonary artery systolic pressure (sPAP) (P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion The present results suggest that CPB time,RACHS-1 score, LCOS, VAP and postoperative sPAP can significantly affect the MV time in infants and young children with pulmonary hypertension after cardiac surgery.

Objective Assess the value of pleura sliding sign with chest ultrasonography in the prediction of pleura adhesion prior to video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery(VATS).Method 63 patients were evaluated for pleura sliding signs with chest ultrasonography at 9 points along the chest wall prior to thoracotomies and were compared with the findings of the same points during the operation.Methods Pleura sliding signs on 567 points were examined in 63 cases,and 106 points pleura adhesion were found by chest ultrasonography and 72 points were proved by operations.461 points were no pleura adhesion under chest unltrasonography and 495 points had no pleura adhesion confirmed by operations.Results The sensitivity,specificity,negative predictive value,positive predictive value and overall accuracy were 80.56%,90.03%,96.96%,54.72% and 9.07%,respectively.The Receiver Operating Characteristic(ROC)curve showed that there should be no pleura adhesion if there were more than 8 points positive pleura sliding signs.Conclusion Examination of pleura sliding sign by chest ultrasonography is helpful to predict the presence and location of pleura adhesion prior to VATS.

Hearts from eight adult dogs were perfused through both coronary arteries with methylmethacrylate. Small specimens cut out from the left ventricular wall were eroded in 50% HCL for 5-7 days. The replicas were studied under the SEM (S-450). The main results were outlined as follows: The subendocardial capillary plexus composed of varied shapes and orientation of meshes was present. The capillary network of the myocardial layers was consisted of many parallel capillaries and between them a variety of models of anastomoses, such as "H" "K" and "8" modes etc, were observed. In our findings, it was demonstrated that the arteriole and venule were distributed between the myocardial bundles and their direction was often perpendicular to the myocardial bundles. The postcapillary venules were poured into venule by the "ginger or turnip root" arrangement. The replicas of the Thebesian veins were proved in our specimens. The A-V shunting was not observed.

Objective To study the role of D‐lactate gradient across the lung in the rapid diagnosis of pneumonia and evalua‐tion of therapeutic efficacy .Methods Patients were divided into pneumonia group (n=46) and non‐pneumonia group (n=28) in ICU .D‐lactate gradient across the lung were calculated by the difference between arterial and mixed‐venous D‐lactate concentrations before the treatment ,after 3 and 7 days of treatment .Serum procalcitonin (PCT) ,Oxygenation index ,the lung injury score (LIS) and clinical pulmonary infection score(CPIS) were recorded at the same time .Results The mean D‐lactate gradient across the lung in pneumonia group was significantly higher than that in non‐pneumonia group[(163 .84 ± 10 .72) ng/mL vs .(30 .33 ± 7 .25) ng/mL ,P<0 .01) ]before treatment .Using a cut‐off value of 106 .11 ng/mL ,D‐lactate gradient across the lung′s sensitivity for di‐agnosis pneumonia was 90 .7% and its′specificity was 75 .5% .D‐lactate gradient across the lung correlated with LIS (r= 0 .554 , P<0 .01) and CPIS(r=0 .543 ,P<0 .01) .Conclusion D‐lactate gradient across the lung correlates with lung injury and pulmonary infection positively and may be a potential biomarker for rapid diagnosis of pneumonia .

The vascular architecture of the adult man testis was examined by using thevascular casting method combined with scanning electron microscopy.The circuitousmain branches of testicular artery ran radially from testicular porta towards testicu-lar free border in tunica vasculosa.The test(?)cular surface veins were accompaniedby the main branches of testicular artery and they converged from testicular circum-ference circuitously towards testicular porta.There were centripetal artery andvein as well as centrifugal artery and vein in the septula testis.The intertubularblood vessels and the peritubular capillary plexus were contained in the testicularlobules.The latter was made up of two capillary layers.The outer layer was capil-lary network interwined in fine capillaries.The inner layer was coarse capillarycircles.The interstitial capillary plexus was situated in interstitial tissue between theseminiferous tubules and compose of capillaries arising from the origin of someperitubular capillaries.