The inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) are importants factors of cell apoptosis inhibitors that are closely related to tumorigenesis and tumor development. Livin is selectively expressed in most common human malignant neoplasms. It is demonstrated that Livin may play an important role in tumorigenesis. To research the biological characteristics and the role of Livin is significant to tumor development and progression, chemoresistance ,tumor therapy and prognosis. In recent years,immunotherapy and gene therapy for the targeting of Livin have become a spot research, which provid new strategy and direction for tumor therapy.

Objective To form a concise and useful warning scale of suicide ideation of inpatients with somatic disease.Methods 2 677 inpatients who were more than 15 years old were randomly selected in a comprehensive hospital during the period of 2010.11-2013.02.Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS),Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS) and self-designed questionnaires which included general information,suicide risk factors and somatic disease were applied.Chi square test,partial correlation analysis,t test,correlation analysis and ROC curve analysis were used for statistical analysis.Results 1.The warning scale of suicide ideation which contained 18 items was formed.2.The Cronbach's Alpha reliability of the warning scale was 0.84 and its split-half reliability was 0.60.Criterion-related validity studies showed that the scores of the 18 items were positive correlated with SDS and SAS(r SDS =0.50,r SAS =0.54,P＜0.01).This scale also had good structure validity.3.The ROC curve concluded that the area under curve was 0.83,the sensitivity was 68.40％ and the specificity was 79.20％.Positive and negative predictive values were 21.22％ and 96.83％ respectively.Conclusion The reliability and validity of the warning scale entirely accorded with psychometric demands.It also has good specificity and negative predictive value,so it is suitable for clinical promotion.

Bufalin is one of the major active components of Chan Su,a traditional Chinese medicine.Studies at home and abroad have confirmed that bufalin can inhibit cell proliferation significantly in many human leukemia and solid cancer cell lines by inhibiting endothelial hyperplasia and angiogenesis,and inducing cell differentiation and apoptosis. With the deepening of study,it is showed that bufalin has extensive anticancer activities and it has potential clinical value with very low drug concentration.

Objective To explore the effect of microRNAs 224 and 21 on human glioma stem cells survival and the possible molecular mechanisms.Methods qPCR was used to detect the dysregulated expression of microRNAs in malignant glioma samples, human GBM stem cells, artificially established GBM stem cell lines and human tissues.Caspase 3/7 assay, Annexin V apoptosis/fluorescence assay were performed to determine the effect of miR-21 or miR-224 mimics and inhibitor on cell apoptosis.Living cells count was used to assess miR-21 or miR-224 mimics and inhibitor on cell growth.TargetScan was used to explore potential targets of miR-21 and miR-224, and dual luciferase reporter assay was used to identify whether the 3’UTR of Caspase 3, Caspase 9 and Bim mRNA was a binding target of miR-21 or miR-224.Western blot was used to detect the expression of Caspase 3, Caspase 9 and Bim protein after transfection of miR-21 or miR-224 mimics or inhibitors.Results miR-21 and miR-224 are strongly upregulated in GSC samples, multiple GBM human tumor specimens, and GBM neurosphere stem cell lines ( P<0.05 ) .Caspase 3/7 assay and Annexin V apoptosis/fluorescence assay results showed that miR-224 and miR-21 regulated GSC apoptosis.Living cells count results demonstrated that miR-224 and miR-21 regulated GSC growth.miR-224 and miR-21 regulate pro-apoptotic gene expression by directly targeting Caspase 3, Caspase 9, and Bim 3’-UTRs. Conclusion These results indicate that miR-224 and miR-21 are important physiologic drivers of GSC resistance to apoptosis, providing new points of therapeutic leverage against these treatment-resistant cells.

Objective To discuss the role of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenas e (IDO) and tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (TTS) mediated tryptophan catabolism in immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) patients treated with high doses of dexamethasone through the expressions of IDO and TTS in T cells , and the concentrations of plasma kynurenine and tryptophan. Methods 20 newly diagnosed or relapse ITP patients were treated with 40 mg/d × 4 d dose of dexamethasone. The heparin anticoagulant blood samples were obtained before treatment and the 5th day after treatment. 20 healthy subjects were selected as the control group. The IDO and TTS expressions in CD4+and CD8+ T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The concentrations of plasma kynurenine and tryptophan were detected by liquid-mass spectrometry system. Results Compared with healthy controls group, the plasma tryptophan and kynurenine concentration and the ratio of Kyn/Trp were significantly elevated in ITP patients (P <0.05); the IDO expressions of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in ITP patients were significantly lower than those in healthy controls (P < 0.05), but the TTS expressions were significantly higher (P < 0.05). The concentration of tryptophan in effective group was significantly lower than before treatment (P < 0.05), in contrast, the kynurenine concentration and the ratio of Kyn/Trp were significantly higher than before (P < 0.05). The expression of IDO in effective group were significantly higher than that before treatment (P < 0.05), conversely, the expression of TTS in effective group were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). No significant difference can be found in ineffective group. Conclusion IDO/TTS-mediated tryptophan catabolism pathway could indicate the onset of ITP. The sensitivity of ITP patients with high dose of dexamethasone treatment can be observed through the level of IDO and TTS.

Objective To investigate changes of surface electromyogr8phic(sEM G)signal of pelvic floor muscles in complete spinal cord injury(cSCI)patients with neurogenic bowel dysfunction.Methods Fifteen hospitalized patients with cSCI(observation group)and fifteen normal subjects(control group)were involved in this study.The root mean square(RMS)of sEMG signals were collected at pelvic floor muscles with rectal surface electrode when subjects'pelvic floor muscles were rest(10 s),fleetly contract(2 s×3),continually contract(10 s).Both groups'data of different contracting states of pelvic floor muscles were analyzed and compared.Results The max RMS and average RMS(16.61±2.83,13.52±2.22)at pelvic floor muscles'rest in observation group were higher than that in control group(8.41±5.55,3.45±1.53).There was statistical difference between two groups(P<0.01).In the subjects of observation group max RMS and average RMS(20.24±13.99,13.36±2.39)at continual contraction and average RMS(13.40±2.31)at fleet contraction were nearly the same as RMS value at pelvic floor muscles'rest.There was no statistical difference between these two states(P>0.05).Conclusion The sEMG could be a quantitative index in assessing function of pelvic floor muscles and the neurogenic bowel dysfunction after cSCI.It can supply some clinical value in framing the training of pelvic floor muscles and improving the bowel dysfunction.

BACKGROUND:Semaphorin7A (Sema7A) is a kind of cel surface protein, which can promote the fusion of osteoclasts and the migration of osteoblasts at the same time, affecting the dynamic balance of the bone. It is speculated that Sema7A siRNA may inhibit osteoblast apoptosis induced by titanium particles. OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of Sema7A on the preosteoblast activity inhibited by titanium particles. METHODS:Mouse MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts at passages 6 and 7 were divided into four groups: in blank control group, MC3T3-E1 cels were cultured alone; in standard control group, cel were cultured with titanium particles; in experimental groups 1 and 2, the cels were cultured with titanium particles+Sema7A overexpression plasmids and titanium particles+Sema7A siRNA, respectively. Apoptotic rate of MC3T3-E1 cels was detected by flow cytometry; the mRNA expression of bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin and type I colagen was detected by Q-PCR; western blot assay was adopted to detect the protein expression of bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin and type I colagen; alizarin red calcium nodule staining was taken to detect the degree of osteoblast mineralization. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The expressions of bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin and type I colagen were decreased in the standard control group and experimental group 1, but these expression were significantly increased in the experimental group 2 compared with the standard control group (P < 0.05). Flow cytometry results suggested that the apoptotic rate of osteoblasts in the experimental group 1 was significantly higher than that in the other groups (P < 0.05), and the apoptotic rate in the experimental group 2 was lower than that in the standard control group (P < 0.05). Alizarin red staining showed that there were no obvious mineralized nodules in the experimental group 1, but mineralized nodules formed in the experimental group 2. In brief, the genetic interference technique that inhibits the activity of Sema7A can interfere the process of mouse MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast differentiation inhibited by titanium particles, and thus provide a feasible way for the clinical treatment of wear particles-induced osteolysis using biotechnology.

BACKGROUND:Sema7A is a kind of cel surface protein, which can promote the fusion of osteoclasts and the migration of osteoblast at the same time, affecting the dynamic balance of bone. OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether Sema7A siRNA has ainhibitory effect on the osteoclast activation in the process of osteolysis which induced by titanium particles. METHODS:The precursor osteoclasts with the concentration of 4×109 RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At 7 days of culture, the expression levels of interleukin-1, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor α, matrix metaloproteinase-9 and the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB in the positive control, /L were seeded on 96-wel plates containing glass cover slips, and divided into four groups: blank control, positive control, experiment and negative control groups. The cel culture medium was added into the control group. 20 μL un-transfected siRNA supernatant was added into the positive control group. 20 μL transfected Sema7A siRNA supernatant was added into the experiment group. 20 μL transfected control siRNA supernatant was added into the negative control group. The supernatant was obtained through the co-culture between titanium particles solution and monocyte-macrophage cel line RAW264.7of mouse for 24 hours. siRNA was transfected into mononuclear macrophage cel lines RAW264.7 of mice. negative control and experiment groups were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The expression level of each factor in the experiment group was lower than that in the positive control and negative control groups (P < 0.05). At 8 days of culture, the proliferation activity of osteoclasts and the number of positive cels stained by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase in the positive control, negative control and experiment groups were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The proliferation activity of osteoclasts and the number of positive cels stained by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase in the experiment group were lower than those in the control and negative groups (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that Sema7A siRNA has a certain inhibitory effect on the osteoclast activation induced by titanium particles.

Objective To evaluate the performance of bone suppression images on the detection of lung nodules in comparison with the radiologists'reading results.Methods There were 141 standard posteroanterior digital chest radiographs,which included 95 patients with a solitary nodule and 46 controls.In this observational study,4 observers,including 2 radiologists and 2 residents,in-dicated their confidence level regarding the presence of a nodule for each lung,first by use of standard images,then with the addition of bone suppression images.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC)curve analysis was used to evaluate the observers'performance. Results Average nodule size was (1.9±1)cm (range from 0.9 cm to 2.9 cm).The mean value of the area under the ROC curve (AUC)was significantly improved from 0.844 with use of standard images alone to 0.873 with use of bone suppression images (P<0.01).Conclusion The use of bone suppression images can improve radiologists'performance on detection of lung nodules on chest radiographs.

Objective:To investigate the effect of antlerbase on the radiation carcinogenesis by observing the effect of antlerbase on the expressions of Notch2 gene and immune function of the mice with thymic lymphomas induced by ionizing radiation.Methods:Ninety BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control group,irradiation group and irradiation combined with drug group (combined group)(n=30).The thymic lymphoma models of mice were made by X-ray irradiation in irradiation group and combined group;after establishing the animal models,the mice in combined group were fed with chow containing antlerbase superfine powder.After 6 months,the whole blood and thymic tissue were taken,then RT-PCR and Western blotting methods were used to detect the mRNA and protein expressions levels of Notch2 gene in the thymic lymphoma tissue;ELISA method was used to detect the serum immunoglobulin (IgG,IgA,IgM)levels and SOD kit was used to detect the serum SOD activities of the tumor mice.Results:The incidences of thymic lymphoma in irradiation group and combined group were 53.33%(16/30)and 36.67% (11/30),respectively.Compared with control group,the expression levels of mRNA and protein of Notch2 gene in thymic lymphoma of the mice in irradiation group were significantly increased (P <0.05);compared with irradiation group,the expression levels of mRNA and protein of Notch2 gene in combined group were decreased (P <0.05);compared with control group,the levels of IgG,IgA,and IgM in serum of the mice in irradiation group were decreased (P < 0.05 ); compared with irradiation group, the levels of IgG, IgM, hemoglobin and the activity of SOD in serum of the mice in combined group were increased (P < 0.05 ). Conclusion:Ionizing radiation can activate the high expression of Notch2 gene and protein and decrease the immune function of mice,it might be one of the mechanisms for the occurrence of radiation carcinogenesis;antlerbase can decrease the incidence of radiation carcinogenesis by inhibiting the expression of Notch2 gene and increasing the immune function of mice,which might play an role in restraining tumor.