Objective To investigate non-psychiatric doctors' knowledge and attitude toward depression. Method Self-made Depressive Knowledge Questionaire (DKQ), which includes 24 items covering general knowledge, symptoms and other related questions of depression, were used in 346 non-psychiatric doctors who came from different grade general hospitals of Hunan. Results Average score of DKQ was 13.53±2.08,and corrective answering rates to different questions were 14.5％～95.4%.There were some associations between DKQ's score and grade of hospitals, subjects' education and attitude to depression. Conclusion It is necessary to re-educate non-psychiatric doctors with depressive knowledge.

Objective To study the development of self-concept and parental rearing style in primary and secondary school students and the relationship between them.Methods A stratified cluster sample of 319 students from fourth grade in primary school to first grade in high school,9～16 years of age,were investigated with the Piers-Harris Children's self-concept Scale (PHCSS) and the EMBU.Results Inter-grade differences existed in the total score of self-concept and its subscales except popularity (F=2.170～4.288,P＜0.05),as well as in the most factors of parenting except father's intrusiveness,father's overprotection,mother's intrusiveness and overprotection,and mother's punishment (F=2.449～7.596,P＜0.05),with the maxima of self-concept (total score 61.05±9.00,behavior 13.85±1.94,intellect status 11.48±3.10,physical appearance 8.33±2.50,lack of anxiety 10.13±2.39,happiness 8.38±1.23) and the minima of father's punishment and rejection and mother's rejection (15.08±2.80,7.33±2.23,10.43±3.26) both in the sixth grade pupils (P＜0.05).Parental emotional warmth was positively correlated to self-concept (r=0.188～0.389),while parental punishment and mother's rejection was negatively correlated to (r=-0.112～-0.540),and father's rejection was also negatively correlated to (r=-0.160～-0.420) except physical appearance.All of these correlations were significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion Self-concept of primary and secondary school students and parental rearing style interact with each other,and develop curvily with children's growing.

Objective To know the current state of environment pollution in the surrounding of the smelteries of gold and silver with indigenous method and provide a reference for the environment pollution control. Methods The occupational and environmental hygiene investigation were conducted during Apr.-Jul.,2000,the level of arsenic in the samples collected from the surrounding of the smelteries was determined. Results Primitive gold-silver smelting had such problems as backward production processes,the irrational distribution of enterprises,no treatment of “the three wastes” and serious harm to the ecological environment. The concentrations of both arsenic and lead in the environmental medium were heavily over the standard limits and some patients with chronic arsenic poisoning were found among the local residents. Conclusion Primitive gold-silver smelting may produce serious environmental pollution which can induce the health impacts of the local people.

Objective To evaluate the effect of CT temporal subtraction(TS) for detection of lung nodules.Methods 80 cases of CT images (current and previous CT images) and corresponding CT TS images were presented, which included 30 cases with nodules(75 nodules) and 50 controls.4 observers, including 2 radiologists and 2 residents, indicated their confidence level regarding the presence of a new emerging or larger or solid component than before,which first used standard CT images, then with the addition of CT TS images.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the observers'' performance.Results The mean value of the area under the ROC curve (AUC) were 0.860 and 0.925 for four observers without and with TS images,respectively(P<0.01).Average sensitivity for detection of lung nodules was improved from 77.3%(58/75) to 89.3%(67/75) by using CT TS images.Conclusion The use of CT TS images can significantly improve radiologists'' performance for detection of lung nodules,especially when a small size solid or subsolid nodule presents near the pulmonary hilum.CT TS is more helpful for residents.

With the continuously exploration,in recent years,further understanding of anatomical characteristics of the cervical pedicle brings great breakthrough in cervical pedicle screw implantation.In addition,pedicle screw implantation in cervical spine is considered as a technique with high safety and reliability,which can be widely used in cervical trauma fracture,cervical instability,degenerative,inflammatory,benign or malignant tumor,deformity and other neck diseases.Because of the tremendous differences between upper cervical spine (C1,C2) and lower cervical spine (C3-7) in anatomical morphology,cervical pedicle screw implantation in C1 and C2 differs from in lower cervical spine.Due to the similar structure of C3-7,pedicle screw implantation methods are based on the same principle and sharing a few points in common.The pedicle screw technique can be classified in two groups according to the practice methods:navigation technology and manual placement of cervical pedicle screw.Navigation nailing is considered as reliable,easy handing,and with clear operative vision,however,with disadvantages as complex procedures,highly cost operation equipment,and risk in navigation draft.Therefore,manual placement of pedicle screw is more reasonable and practical comparing with the former.In this study,it analyzed anatomical characteristics of lower cervical pedicle and the measurement of pedicle structure,discussed technique of manual placement of pedicle screw in lower cervical spine and biomechanical study of pedicle screw,and summed up the comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of current representative manual placement technology.

0.05]. Conclusion:Besides the enlargement of LA,the volume of LAA and the area of LAA ostium were significantly increased in AF patients.Preprocedural assessment of LAA ostium should be helpful for the selection of occlusion devices.Because LAA is be very close to LCX,the selection of AF ablation strategies should be carefully taken to avoid possible damage of LCX.

Objective: To analyze the status of personnel in occupational disease prevention and treatment institutions in Hunan Province, China, from 1996 to 2015, to predict staff composition using grey model (GM) (1, 1) , and to provide a scientific basis and reference for optimizing human resource planning of occupational disease prevention and treatment in other provinces and regions and promoting the service capacity of the institutions. Methods: The data of the staff in occupational disease prevention and treatment institutions in Hunan Province, China, from 1996 to 2015 were obtained from the established basic information management system. The descriptive analysis method was used to analyze the dynamic changes in number and composition of the staff and the GM (1, 1) was used to predict the staff composition. Results: The numbers of the staff members in 1996 and 2015 in occupational disease prevention and treatment institutions in Hunan Province, China were 1591 and 1429, respectively. In the twenty years, the main education level of the staff transformed from "technical secondary school education and non-academic qualifications" to "bachelor degree or above and college degree"; the main major of the staff transformed from "other majors" to "public health and clinical medicine"; the proportion of the staff members without professional titles changed from >1/3 to 5%; and the proportions of the staff members with senior, intermediate, and junior professional titles were steadily rising. GM prediction showed that the proportions of highly educated staff members in 2018 and 2020 would be up to 41.00% and 45.61%, respectively; and the proportions of the staff members with a major in public health in 2018 and 2020 would be up to 44.15% and 46.60%, respectively. Conclusion The staff in occupational disease prevention and treatment institutions in Hunan Province, China, in the twenty years have slight changes in staff size and great improvement in staff quality, which is beneficial to sustainable development of the occupational disease prevention and treatment undertakings. The education level and major will be further optimized in the next five years.

OBJECTIVETo identify a rare subtype of the ABO blood group system and explore its molecular basis.

METHODSBased on a standard serological assay, ABO subtype and haplotype were analyzed through PCR amplification of the 7 exons and adjacent introns of the ABO gene and TA clone sequencing.

RESULTSForward typing showed a B type, while reverse typing demonstrated an extremely weak anti-B on routine gel analysis, which indicated a forward and reverse typing discrepancy. Absorption-elution testing confirmed that there was no A antigen on the surface of patient's red blood cells. Sequencing of the ABO gene showed a G>A exchange at position 523 in exon 7, which resulted in a Val to Met substitution at codon 175. Clone sequencing of the amplificons of the ABO gene showed an ABO* Bw14/O01 heterozygote genotype.

CONCLUSIONMolecular method is useful for the identification of ambiguous blood groups. A 523G>A substitution of the ABO gene resulting in a Bw14 subtype probably underlies the weak B phenotype noted in the patient.

The spectrum of biopsy-confirmed kidney disease varies with regions and periods. We describe the distribution of pathological types and epidemiological characteristics of kidney diseases in Northwest China due to regional differences in geographical environment, social economy, and dietary habits. Methods: Kidney biopsy cases from 2005 to 2020 in Xijing Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Pathological characteristics of patients in different periods were analyzed using the t test or chi-square test. Joinpoint regression was used to analyze trends in pathological types and disease spectrum. Results: A total of 10,528 eligible patients were included. Primary glomerular disease (PGD) accounted for the majority of the cases and exhibited an obvious downward trend, whereas secondary glomerular disease (SGD) showed an obvious upward trend. Among PGD, immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) remained the most common pathological type, and the detection rate of membranous nephropathy (MN) was significantly increased. Among SGD, Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) was the most common pathological type and may present a significant characteristic of Northwest China. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) exhibited the most obvious upward trend in the whole process, whereas the fastest growth since 2012 was in hypertensive nephropathy. Conclusion: The proportion of SGD increased whereas PGD declined. IgAN remained the most common PGD, and HSPN was the most common SGD. MN and DN showed the most obvious upward trend among PGD and SGD, respectively. Changes in the spectrum of kidney disease, especially the constituent ratio of SGD, pose a great challenge to public health.