Objective To evaluate the clinical application of spiral CT pulmonary angiography(SCTPA) in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism(PE) and its limitation.Methods 52 cases of PE were analyzed.SCTPA were performed in all cases with slice thickness 3 mm,pitch 1.5~2.0,scanning time 0.8 s,reconstruction thickness 1mm.The reconstructions of SCTPA included MIP,MPR and SSD.Results 2898 pulmonary arteries in 52 cases were observed.The direct manifestations of PE were showed in 927 pulmonary arteries(32.0%) by SCTPA,in which superior segmental and inferior segmental of pulmonary arteries were involved respectively.The indirect manifestations of PE were showed by plain scan in 113 cases.Conclusion SCTPA is a high effective and noninvasive method in the diagnosis of PE especially for the PE of superior segmental.

Objective To explore the effect of the gene silencing of phosphatidic acid-preferring phospholipase A1 (PA-PLA1) on insulin secretion in mouse insulin-secreting cell line MIN6. Methods The siRNA expression vector of mouse PA-PLA1 gene targeting was constructed using mouse PA-PLA1 mRNA sequence available in GenBank, and MIN6 cells were transfected with the vector. Fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western-blotwere applied to screen efficient RNAi-vector. After transfection with obtained efficient RNAi-vectors for 48 hours, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion experiments were conducted, and the changes of insulin secretion were examined. Results Four siRNA expression vectors of mouse PA-PLA1 gene targeting were confirmed to be successfully constructed by the analyses of enzyme cleavage and sequencing. The results of fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot analyses indicated that the siRNA expression vectorpGPU6-PA-PLA1-1885was the most effective RNAi-vector in the four vectors. The expression levels of the PA-PLA1 mRNA and protein of the MIN6 cells transfectedwith pGPU6-PA-PLA1-1885 decreased to 46.3% and 33.9% of that of the control, respectively, and meanwhile the insulin secretion levels of the cells decreased to 65.0% of that of the control (P < 0.05). Conclusion The gene silencing of phosphatidic acid-preferring phospholipase A1 might decrease insulin secretion in MIN6 cells.

Objective To investigate the trans‐regulative effect of hepatitis B virus (HBV) preS2 on the promoter of human acyl protein thioesterase 1 (APT1) gene .Methods The promoter sequence of human APT1 gene was identified applying the soft‐ware of bioinformatics .The APT1 promoter and HBV preS2 gene were amplified with PCR and cloned into pGL3 and pcDNA3 .1 (-) plasmids to construct the luciferase reporter gene plasmid of human APT1 gene promoter pGL3‐APT1 and the preS2 eukary‐otic expression plasmid pcDNA3 .1(-)‐preS2 ,respectively .The effect of the preS2 on the human APT1 gene promoter was exam‐ined by cotransfecting hepatocellular carcinoma cell HepG2 with pGL3‐APT1 and pcDNA3 .1(-)‐preS2 and measuring luciferase activities of the HepG2 cells .The statistical data were analyzed with independent‐samples t test .Results Both plasmids of pGL3‐APT1 and pcDNA3 .1(-)‐preS2 were confirmed by DNA sequencing to be accurately constructed as design .The luciferase activity of the pGL3‐APT1 was 1 .2 times (P<0 .01) that of the positive control plasmid pGL3‐Control .And the luciferase activity of the HepG2 cells cotransfected with pcDNA3 .1(-)‐preS2 and pGL3‐APT1 was 2 .6 times (P<0 .01) that of the HepG2 cells cotrans‐fected with the plasmid without preS2 gene pcDNA3 .1(-) and pGL3‐APT1 .Conclusion The human APT1 promoter cloned in the study has high promoter activity ;HBV preS2 activates human APT1 promoter .

Objective:To explore the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status(RBANS),which is specially for assessing cognitive functions in non-dementia mental disorders.Methods: Altogether 451 healthy adults who were recruited from both rural and urban areas in Beijing were evaluated with the RBANS,and 97 adults were tested with the Brief Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale(WAIS) and Wechsler Memory Scale simultaneously(WMS).Forty-one adults were reevaluated with RBANS 12 weeks later.The data was analyzed by using correlation analysis and factor analysis.Results: The Cronbachs'? coefficient of RBANS total scale was 0.90;the Cronbachs'? coefficients of immediate memory,visuospatial,language,attention and delayed memory were 0.86,0.68,0.67,0.85 and 0.80 respectively.The test-retest reliability of total scale was 0.90 and that of subscales were 0.65,0.68,0.53,0.80 and 0.79 respectively(P

Objective To evaluate the effieaey of test bolus technique with multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT) for determining the optimal scan delay time in CT Hepatic artery (HA)-portal vein (PV) angiography and multi-phase scanning.Methods MSCT liver angiography and multi-phase scanning were performed in 187 patients divided randomly into two groups.In group A (n =59),the scan delay time was set according to the subjective experiences of operators; in group B (n=128),the scan delay time was determined by test bolus technique.Abdominal aorta and superior mesenteric,vein were selected as target blood vessels,and 50 HU was set as enhancement threshold value.20 ml contrast agent was injected intravenously and time-density curve of target blood vessels were obtained,then HA-PV scanning delay time were calculated respectively.The quality of CTA images obtained by using these 2 methods were compared and statistically analysed using Chi-square criterion.Resuits For hepatic artery phase,the images of group A are:excellent in 34(58%),good in 17(29%),and poor in 8 (13%),while those of group B are excellent in 128( 100%),good in 0(0%),and poor in 0(0%).For portal vein phase,the images of group Aare:excellent in 23(39%),good in 27(46%),and poor in 9(15%),while those of group B are excellent in 96 (75%),good in 28 (22%),and poor in 4 (3%) respectively.There was statistically significant difference between the ratios of image quality in group A and group B (X2=14.97,9.18,P < 0.05).Conclusion Accurate scan delay time was best determined by using test bolus technique,which can improve the image quality of liver angingraphy and multi-phase scanning.

Objective:To investigate the association between catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT)Vall58Met polymorphism and prepulse inhibition of the auditory startle reflex (PPI) in patients with schizophrenia.Methods:Totally 178 patients with schizophrenia and 190 healthy volunteers were recruited.The auditory startle reflex was detected by using SR-HLAB monitoring system.The indexed of the auditory startle reflex included the amplitude,habituation％ and PPI30,PPI60,PPI120 (the lead interval was set 30 ms,60 ms,120 ms).COMT Vall58Met polymorphism was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RELP).The differences of PPI among COMT genotypes were compared.Results:Compared to the healthy volunteers,patients with schizophrenia had a significant lower the amplitude of auditory startle reflex[(563± 460) mV vs (695 ± 447) mY,P ＜ 0.05] and habituation％ [(32 ± 46) vs (48 ± 33),P ＜ 0.01] as well as the ％PPI120[(27 ± 5) vs (35 ± 3),P ＜ 0.05].The significant differences in COMT allelic and genotypic distribions were observed between patients with schizophrenia and healthy volunteers (x2 =8.16,11.74,Ps ＜ 0.05).The significant main effect of COMT genotype on habituation％ was observed (P ＜0.05) but no interaction genotype by diagnosis on the amplitude of auditory startle reflex,habituation％ and ％ PPI120 was observed (Ps ＞ 0.05).Conclusions:There may be a correlation between COMT genotype and adaptability,but not between COMT genotype and PPI deficit present in patients with schizophrenia

Hypertension has a high global prevalence rate,which is the main preventable risk factor for cardiovascular disease.Home blood pressure monitoring plays an important role in diagnosis,adjustment of treatment strategies and long-term follow-up of hypertension.However,there are still enormous challenges for the popularization and standardized application of home blood pressure monitoring.Therefore,this review article describes indication,standardized implementation protocol,current status and influencing factors of implementation and management forms of home blood pressure monitoring.It can provide a reference for promoting the implementation of practical guidelines for home blood pressure monitoring and optimizing the application of home blood pressure monitoring.

Objective: To analyze the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens isolated from patients with catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) in burn intensive care unit (BICU). Methods: From January 2011 to December 2018, among 2 264 patients who were peripherally inserted central venous catheter at the BICU of the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the third Military Medical University), hereinafter referred to as the author′s unit, 159 patients were diagnosed CRBSI, including 131 males and 28 females, aged 43 (1, 79) years. The pathogens primarily isolated from peripheral venous blood and central venous catheter blood/anterior central venous catheter specimen of patients with CRBSI were retrospectively analyzed. API bacteria identification kits and automatic microorganism identification instrument were used to identify pathogens. Broth micro-dilution method or Kirby-Bauer paper disk diffusion method was used to detect the drug resistance of the pathogens to 5 antifungal drugs including fluconazole and itraconazole, etc., and 37 antibacterial drugs including tigecycline and imipenem, etc. Modified Hodge test was used to further identify imipenem- and meropenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumonia. D test was used to detect erythromycin-induced clindamycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The WHONET 5.6 software was applied to analyze the annual incidence of CRBSI, mortality of patients with CRBSI, incidence of CRBSI cases, distribution of infection site, and duration of catheterization, detection of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, fungi, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), and drug resistance of fungi and major Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria to the commonly used antibiotics in clinic. Results: (1) The incidence of CRBSI was 7.0% (159/2 264) during the eight years, which was slightly higher in 2014 and 2017 with 13.6% (30/221) and 11.1% (24/217) respectively. The mortality rate of patients with CRBSI was 7.5% (12/159). (2) The incidence of CRBSI cases was 14.9% (338/2 264); the main infection site was femoral vein, totally 271 cases (80.2%), and the duration of catheterization of this site was 9 (2, 25) d. (3) During the eight years, totally 543 strains of pathogens were isolated, including 353 (65.0%) strains of Gram-negative bacteria, 140 (25.8%) strains of Gram-positive bacteria, and 50 (9.2%) strains of fungi. The top three isolated pathogens with isolation rate from high to low were Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, accounting for 23.2% (126/543), 17.1% (93/543), and 15.7% (85/543), respectively. Fungi were mainly Candida parapsilosis. Among the Staphylococcus aureus, the detection rate of MRSA was 98.9% (92/93), and that of MSSA was 1.1% (1/93). (4) Except for the low drug resistance rates to polymyxin B, minocycline, and tigecycline, the drug resistance rates of Acinetobacter baumannii to the other antibiotics were considerably high (80.1%-100.0%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was not resistant to polymyxin B but highly resistant to netilmicin (88.7%) and piperacillin (92.6%), with resistance rates to the other antibiotics from 34.5% to 62.7%. Klebsiella pneumoniae was not resistant to tigecycline and lowly resistant to imipenem and meropenem (28.9%, 9 imipenem- and meropenem-resistant strains were further confirmed by modified Hodge test), with resistance rates to the other antibiotics from 40.9% to 95.2%. The resistance rates of MRSA to most antibiotics were higher than those of MSSA. MRSA was not resistant to linezolid, vancomycin, teicoplanin, sulfamethoxazole, or tigecycline. The resistance rates of MRSA to clindamycin and erythromycin were 7.9% and 62.0%, respectively, and those to the other antibiotics were higher than 91.5%. Except for the complete resistance to penicillin G and tetracycline, MSSA was not resistant to the other antibiotics. Thirty-three strains of Staphylococcus aureus showed resistance to erythromycin-induced clindamycin. Fungi was not resistant to amphotericin B, with drug resistance rates to voriconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, and fluconazole from 4.2% to 6.2%. Conclusions The incidence of CRBSI and mortality of patients with CRBSI are high in BICU of the author′s unit, and the main infection site is femoral vein. There are various types of pathogens in patients with CRBSI, and most of them are Gram-negative. The top three isolated pathogens are Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, accompanying with grim drug resistance phenomenon.

Objective: To retrospectively analyze the diagnosis time, pathogen distribution, and drug resistance of fungal bloodstream infection in severe burn patients. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 55 severe burn patients with fungal bloodstream infection (including 46 males and 9 females, aged 42 (1, 78) years) admitted to the intensive care unit of the Institute of Burn Research of the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University) from July 2011 to May 2019 for retrospective analysis. Microbial monitoring system was used to cultivate pathogens, API yeast identification kit and Candida chromogenic medium were used to identify pathogens, and Kirby-Bauer paper disk diffusion method was used to detect drug resistance of fungi to fluconazole, amphotericin B, itraconazole, ketoconazole, and voriconazole. The positive rate of blood fungal culture, mortality rate, distribution of local fungal proliferation sites, the diagnosis time distribution of fungal bloodstream infection, the distribution of fungal species, resistance to commonly-used antifungal drugs, and the use of antibiotics were assessed. The WHONET 5.6 software was applied to analyze the distribution and drug resistance of fungi. Results: (1) Totally 4 839 blood samples were collected during the 9 years, and 122 strains of fungi were isolated, with positive rate of 2.52%. The mortality rate was 14.55% (8 patients) in 55 patients. Catheter fungal proliferation ranked the first among 30 cases of local fungal proliferation. (2) The diagnosis time of fungal bloodstream infection mainly distributed in ≤1 week of hospitalization [32.73% (18/55)]. (3) Among the 55 strains of fungi detected, the detection rate of Candida parapsilosis ranked the first (21.82%, 12 strains), Candida glabrata was the second (18.18%, 10 strains), and Candida tropicalis was tied with Candida albicans in the third place (14.55%, 8 strains). All the detected fungi were sensitive to amphotericin B, and the resistance rates to voriconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, and ketoconazole were between 4.5% and 9.1%. (4) Droad-spectrum antibiotics were used in all the 55 patients, ≥3 kinds of antibiotics were used in 44 patients, and 37 patients used antibacterial drugs ≥7 days. Conclusions The diagnosis time of fungal bloodstream infection in the 55 severe burn patients was mainly within 1 week of hospitalization. Candida parapsilosis is the most commonly detected fungal species. Catheter fungal proliferation occurs most commonly among the 30 patients with local fungal proliferation. All the detected fungi were sensitive to amphotericin B, with low drug resistance to voriconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, and ketoconazole. Broad-spectrum antibiotics were overused in the severe burn patients with fungal bloodstream infection.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) after failure of nucleoside-analogues (NAs).

METHODSA total of 30 CHB patients who had been previously treated with NAs and had subsequently completed a 48-week course of TDF were retrospectively investigated. Patients' data of HBV DNA level (log10 copies/ml) and rate of undetectable HBV DNA at treatment weeks 0 (baseline), 4, 12, 24, 36 and 48 were collected for evaluation. The lower limit of HBV DNA detection was 100 IU/ml. The serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normalization rate, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion rate, viral breakthrough (VBT) rate, viral response (VR) rate, and adverse events were determined upon treatment completion. Statistical analyses were carried out using the Student's t-test, the x² test or the Kaplan-Meier method.

RESULTSOver the 48-week treatment period, HBV DNA levels declined significantly from baseline (week 4:(2.11 ± 0.38) log10 IU/ml, t =5.582; week 12:(0.93 ± 0.31) log10 IU/ ml, t =9.303; week 24:(0.75 ± 0.20) log10 IU/ml, t =3.123; week 36:(0.16 ± 0.19) log10 IU/ml, t =10.759; week 48:(0.14 ± 0.25) log10 IU/ml, t =12.202) (all P less than 0.01). However, the rates of HBV DNA reduction and of cumulative reduction were comparable at weeks 24, 36 and 48 (all P more than 0.05). The most robust decline in HBV DNA levels was observed at week 4 ((2.11 ± 0.38) log10 IU/ml) and the highest cumulative HBV DNA reduction was observed at week 24 ((3.79 ± 0.37) log10 IU/ml). The rate of undetectable HBV DNA at week 4 (26.7%) was significantly lower than that at weeks 24 (87.5%, P less than 0.01), 36 (80.0%, P=0.007), and 48 (88.9%, P=0.001). The median time to achieving undetectable HBV DNA was 10.4 weeks (range:3.43-34.0 weeks). At week 48, the rates of VR, HBeAg seroconversion, and VBT were 88.9% ,6.7%, and 0% respectively. During treatment, the levels of creatine kinase were more than two times the upper limit normal in 9.2% of the patients, and were comparable at each time point examined (all P more than 0.05). All patients showed a normal level of serum creatinine throughout the treatment period.

CONCLUSIONFor CHB patients with non-response to NAs, TDF can suppress HBV DNA replication very quickly and achieve a high rate of ALT normalization with a low rate of adverse events.

Adenine ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Adult ; Antiviral Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; Female ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Organophosphonates ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Retrospective Studies ; Tenofovir ; Young Adult