Chronic liver diseases are a group of diseases in which the liver is subjected to a variety of injuries over a long period of time， resulting in irreversible pathological changes that last longer than 6 months. Emodin （EMO） is a natural anthraquinone derivative derived from Rheum officinale， and its pharmacological effect has been extensively studied， exhibiting a variety of biological properties and involving multiple signaling molecules and pathways. Western medicine or surgical treatment is currently the main treatment regimen for chronic liver diseases， and the advance in treatment is limited by various reasons such as side effects and high costs. Due to its natural origin and efficacy， EMO has unique advantages in the treatment of chronic liver diseases and has now become a research hotspot. This article summarizes the therapeutic effect of EMO on chronic liver diseases and its mechanism， in order to provide a certain scientific basis for the traditional Chinese medicine treatment of chronic liver diseases and the development of drugs in clinical practice.

This paper reviewed the clinical research progress of the treatment of children's adenoid hypertrophy in recent years from the aspects of Chinese medicine treatment and combined traditional Chinese and western medicine treatment. It is believed thatTraditional Chinese medicine treatment for the children with adenoid hypertrophyhas showed better curative effect and less side effects, which can reduce the operation rates. It's easy for parents and children to accept and can be widely promoted in clinical.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic status of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in the elderly outpatients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in Guangzhou.Methods The investigation was conducted in outpatient departments for elderly patients in 3 hospitals of Guangzhou. The eligible male patients with LUTS/BPH were chosen from patients who came to the clinic in the process of investigation. Results The 29.7% (1824/6140) of them had history of LUTS/BPH previously or presently. In 134 patients received medical questionnaire, the proportion of LUTS/BPH patients with mild, middle and severe degree based on international prostate symptom score (IPSS) was 24.5%, 72.5% and 3.0% respectively. The abnormal percentage of PSA was 37. 3 %. The most common examinations that patients received were directeral rectun examination (96.8%), PSA (88. 7%) and transabdominal ultrasonography (84.8%). The 44.7% of cases were given the treatment of 5α-reductase inhibitor, and 24.7% of cases received a combination therapy of 5α-reductase inhibitor plus α receptor blocker. The 16.7% of cases were given a combination treatment of 5α-reductase inhibitor plus herbs. The proportion of therapy with α receptor blocker and herbs was similar (6.8% and 7.1% respectively). Conclusions LUTS/BPH is one of the most common diseases in elderly male patients. The examinations conducted by doctors are unreasonable.The doctors are easy to ignore inquirement of patient's history and IPSS. The drugs conducted by doctors are reasonable basically.

ObjectiveTo search detecting urine transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) of type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM) in diagnosing early diabetic nephropathy in old patients.MethodsTGF-β1,microalbumin,microglobulin α1 and microglobulin β2 in urine from 53 cases of old type 2 diabetics and 27 cases of normal controls were detected.ResultsTGF-β1 was(21.2±7.32) ng/mmolCr in diabetics whose urine albumin were normal and was(58.79±25.93) ng/mmolCr in diabetics whose urine microalbumin was abnormal(P<0.01).Both were significantly higher than that of the normal control which was(7.79±3.58) ng/mmolCr(P<0.01).TGF-β1 was direct remarkably correlative with microablumin(r=0.5415),microglobulin α1(r=0.6282) and microglobulin β2(r=0.3248)(P<0.01 respectively),but was nothing with glycohemoglobin(r=0.2304,P>0.05).ConclusionTGF-β1 detection may be used as a sensitive and reliable guideline to diagnose early diabetic nephropathy in old diabetics.

AIM: To study the characterization of thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) and its active fragment TSHR aa352-366 as immunogens in BALB/c mice. METHODS: BALB/c mice were injected peritoneally with TSHR aa352-366-KLH (hemocyanin from keyhole limpets) and the mixture of TSHR aa352-366-KLH and guinea pig TSHR every 15 days, respectively. The levels of thyroid hormones and TSHR antibodies and TSHR mRNA were measured, and the pathological changes of thyroid tissue were observed. RESULTS: In the group injected with TSHR aa352-366-KLH, the serum levels of TT_3 and TT_4 decreased (P