Objective To study the prevalent situation of the traffic illegal behaviors ,characteristics of high occurrence and its related risk factors among the residents in Yunnan during 2010 to offer the scientific basis for making the related strategy and countermeasure of road traffic injury prevention and control .Methods By adopting the multistage stratified proportion random cluster sampling method ,the permanent residents aged over 18 years old were randomly sampled from each family for conducting the survey during 2010 .Then the prevalent situation and characteristics of unsafe traffic behaviors were analyzed .Results the oc‐currence rate of unsafe traffic behaviors was 59 .09% .The helmet wearing rate was 40 .45% ,the wearing rate of safe belt in drivers was 46 .75% ;the drunk driving rate was 18 .05% ;The fatigue driving rate was 29 .06% ;the rate of driving without license was 16 .25% .The populations of having high traffic illegal behaviors were male ,ethic minorities ,unmarried people and blue‐collar work‐ers .Conclusion The unsafe traffic behaviors of Yunnan residents is still serious .

Aim To prepare and identify monodonal sntibody (Mab) specific for Toaoplasma gondii tachyzoites. Method The Mab specific for Taxoplasma gondii tachyrzoite were prepared via bybridoma technique. Indirect ELISA was used to determine the activity of the Mab. Agarose double immuodiffusion test was performed to confirm subclass and SDS-PAGE & western blot were used to analysis rolecular weight of the antigen (s) recognized by the Mab. IFA was used to identify the epitope of Taxoplasma gondii tachyzoites. The protection and specificity of the Mab were snalysed at same time. The Mab was tesed in Mab-ELISA method to detect Taxoplasma gondii antigen. Results A Msb F7C8H12 specific for T. gondii was produced. It belongs to IgG1 subclass. Moleculsr weight of the sntigens recognized by the Mab was 16.5 and 24 kDa. IFA did not show fiuorescence in intact tachyzoite.Inhibition test showed that the inhibition rate was 50% when the concetration of the antigen was 40μg/ml.Afterthe RH strain tachyzoites were incubated with Mab ascites, mice were inected with the tachyzoites through peritoneum. The results showed that the mean dead time of mice were not delayed. T. gondii antigen mixed with PBS snd normal human serum was detected by Mab-ELISA, the sensitvity was 0.78 yg/ml and 1.5μg/ml respectively. When mice were infected with T. gondiiRH strain tachyzoites, 103/mouse p.i., circulating antigen could be detectedin 6 day and 8 day. Conchusion The Mab (F7C8H12) to T. gomdii tachyzoites is an excellent probe for studying T. gondii snd toxoplasmosis.

The circulating antigens of Schistosoma japonicum and the antibodies against the worm in the sera of patients were detected concurrently by Dot-ELISA.In 30 sera from patients with acute schistosomiasis, 51 sera from patients with chronic schistosomiasis and 30 sera from patients being treated by praziquantel 5=6 years ago, the positive rates of the circulating antigens were 86.7%, 78.4% and 23.3% respectively, but all negative in 30 sera from patients with clonorchiasis sinensis. One of the 40 sera from healthy individuals had a weak positive reaction. The positive rates of the antibodies in those acute, chronic and treated patients with schistosomiasis were 100.0%,96.1% and 30.0%; the mean titers of antibodies were 1 : 367.6, 1 : 181.7 and 1 : 9.8 respectively; Two sera from patients with clonorchiasis were positive. All of the healthy individuals were negative.The results indicaded that the circulating antigen was in accord with the antibodies in most sera from schistosomiasis patients.

Objective To investigate the influence of individual psychological intervention on quality of life of HIV infection / AIDS patients.Methods 50 cases diagnosed as HIV infection / AIDS were selected,randomly divided into the control group and the observation group with 25 cases in each group.The control group received routine treatment and care,while for the observation group,the psychological health and quality of life were measured with SCL-90,SF-36 scales,then personalized psychological intervention was implemented after analyzing the influencing factors.Three months after discharge,the assessment test was carried out using SCL-90 and SF-36 scales,then compared the quality of mental health and life situation of the two groups.Results Mental health and quality of life between the observation group and the control group before intervention was not statistically significant.After intervention,the comparison is statistically significant Conclusions Individualized psychological intervention can improve patients quality of life.

Objective To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of clinical bacteria infection in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University,so as to provide reference for the treatment of bacterial infections.Methods 4 802 strains of bacteria isolated from this hospital,from January 2013 to December 2013,were retrospectively analysed.The isolates were identi-fied by using VITEK-2 Compact bacterial identification system.Drug resistance was measured by using disc diffusion test,and its results were interpreted according to the breakpoints of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)2013.WHONET 5.6 was applied for analysis.Results These pathogens were mainly isolated from urine,sputum,blood,secretions and pus,accounted for 31.7%,21.4%,1 9.7%,1 1.7% and 7.0%,respectively.In the clinical isolates,gram negative bacilli accounted for 55.8%, which was mainly Escherichia coli(26.3%).Gram positive cocci accounted for 31.7%,,which was mainly coagulase negative staph-ylococcus(1 5.0%).Fungi accounted for 3.1%,which was mainly Candida albicans.Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia were most sensitive to carbapenem,resistance rate was less than 10.0%.The detection rates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoni-ae producing extended-spectrumβ-lactamases(ESBLs)was 61.1% and 49.1%,respectively.Among non-fermentative gram nega-tive bacilli,excepting Pseudomonas aeruginosa had good sensitivity to Amikacin,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter bau-mannii showed high resistance to most antibiotics(resistance rate was more than 50.0%).Among gram positive bacteria,the detec-tion rates of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant coagulase negative Staphylococcus were 42.3% and 65.6%,respectively.The resistance rates of Enterococcus faecium to most of antibacterials were higher.Except for linezolid and teicoplanin,the resistances of Enterococcus faecium to other antibacterials were higher than those of Enterococcus faecalis.Only a strain of Enterococcus faecium resistant to vancomycin was isolated.Conclusion Resistance monitoring might have significance in guiding the clinical rational use of antimicrobial agents,and reducing the spread of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

Animal gastrointestinal tract contains a complex community of microbes, whose composition ultimately reflects the co-evolution of microorganisms with their animal host. The gut microbial community of humans and animals has received significant attention from researchers because of its association with health and disease. The application of metagenomics technology enables researchers to study not only the microbial composition but also the function of microbes in the gastrointestinal tract. In this paper, combined with our own findings, we summarized advances in studying gastrointestinal tract microorganism with metagenomics and the bioinformatics technology.
Animals ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; microbiology ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; etiology ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ; etiology ; Metagenome ; physiology ; Metagenomics ; methods ; Obesity ; etiology

ObjectiveTo investigate the risk factors for syncope in children with orthostatic intolerance (OI).Methods The clinical data from 136 children with OI were retrospectively analyzed. The children were divided into syncope group and non-syncope group based on the existence of syncope. Results Among the 136 children, 77 children (56.62%) had syncope and 59 children (43.38%) did not have syncope. The differences in BMI, prevalence of inducement of prolonged standing, prevalence of accompanied symptoms of blurred vision/ blacking out, cold sweating and pallor, prevalence of the history of motion sickness and blood flow velocity of MCA were statistically significant between two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions Children with OI who has low BMI, inducement of prolonged standing, accompanied symptoms of blurred vision/ blacking out, cold sweating and pallor, the history of motion sickness, and fast blood flow velocity of MCA, are prone to syncope.

Objective To discuss whether mild hyperuricemia can lead to kidney damage and the protection of decreased uric acid,through observing that hyperuricemia did damage to glomerulus endothelial function and cell proliferation of vascular smooth muscle in rats. Methods Fifty-four male SD rats were divided into four groups,the control group,model group (Oxonate),allopurinol group and Oxonate+allopurinol group.Rats were administered on a low sodium diet and their systolic blood pressure (SBP) were measured each 10 days.ELISA was used to detect rat plasma markers of endothelial function damage [nitric oxide (NO),type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1),endothelin 1 (ET-1)] and cell proliferation of vascular smooth muscle[plateletderived growth factor (PDGF),cycloxygenase 2 (COX2),monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1)],and the markers of inflammatory reaction[interleukin-18 (IL-18),tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α)].PDGF and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) levels of rats were detected by immunohistochemical method.Renal tissue pathology of rats was observed. Results Compared to the control group,the plasmic concentration of COX2,ET-1,IL-18,PAI-1,PDGF,TNF-o,MCP-1 increased,and NO decreased significantly in rats of model group (all P＜0.05),expression of NOS significantly reduced and PDGF increased (all P＜0.05).Under light microscope,vascular wall thickening,intimal proliferation and lumen slight stricture without uric acid crystals in renal tissue were found in model group,which were obviously improved by using allopurinol. Conclusion Mild hyperuricemia can do damage to endothelial function of glomerulus and lead to vascular cell proliferation,which can be improved through decreasing uric acid.

Objective: To explore the current prevalence of dyslipidemia in adult population of 9 provinces of China and the epidemic characteristics of this disease. The potential influence of social economic development on dyslipidemia was also observed. Methods: Present research data are derived from the result of the investigation about survey on health and nutrition in China in 2011, in which multistage stratified cluster random sampling method was adopted to investigate the 24 345 individuals in 216 communities from 9 provinces in China and 10 242 blood samples were collected. In this research, 8 669 blood samples of people over 18 years old were selected for final analysis. After adjustment of age, the percentage of dyslipidemia patients in Chinese adults was calculated. Results: The percentage of dyslipidemia in Chinese adults is 39.91% (3 460/8 669). The percentage of dyslipidemia at the age of 18-24, 35-44, 45-59 and over 60 years old were 30.25% (373/1 233),37.19% (774/2 081), 44.22% (1 304/2 949) and 41.94%(1 009/2 406),respectively (χ²=333.02, P<0.01); the percentage of dyslipidemia in male and female population was 51.11% (1 956/3 827) and 31.06%(1 504/4 842), respectively (χ²=60.35, P<0.01); the percentage of dyslipidemia in urban residents and rural residents was 42.56% (1 144/2 687) and 38.72%(2 316/5 982), respectively (χ²=11.72, P<0.01);the percentage of dyslipidemia in high-GDP regions and low-GDP regions was 43.04% (1 567/3 641) and 37.65% (1 893/5 028), respectively (χ²=25.57, P<0.01) .The prevalence of adult hypercholesterolemia in Chinese adult is 9.01% (781/8 669), the prevalence of borderline increased cholesterol is 22.54% (1 954/8 669), the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia is 27.02% (2 342/8 669), the prevalence of lower high-density lipoproteinemia is 14.36% (1 245/8 669) and the prevalence of increased low-density lipoproteinemia was 10.23% (887/8 669). All prevalence rates are significantly higher compared to the 2005 survey results. Conclusion The prevalence of dyslipidemia in Chinese adults is high and the prevalence increases in a fast pace. The current situation of dyslipidemia in Chinese adults is critical and targeted strategies should be applied to control the dyslipidemia in adult Chinese population.

Objective To study the characteristics and trend of illegal driving behavior in China to provide evidence for related policy enforcement.Methods Using indices as death rate of ten thousand vehicle,death rate per 100 000 population,thousands of road mileage,degree of motorization and death ratio etc.to analyze the current situation,characteristics of illegal vehicle driving behavior related to road traffic injuries,in China.Results From 2006 to 2010,death ratio on vehicle road traffic injuries related to the top five illegal driving behaviors were as follows:speeding (from 0.33 down to 0.17),on refuse to give way to others (from 0.26 to 0.14),on driving without license (from 0.21 to 0.08),on illegal driving encroachment (from 0.17 to 0.04) and on reverse driving (from 0.11 to 0.07).Death rates related to vehicle road traffic injuries on drunk driving or fatigue driving were 0.04 in 2010 and 0.02 in 2010,respectively.Conclusion Despite the fact that the number of vehicle road traffic injuries appeared a declining trend,the severity was increasing.Illegal driving behavior was still prevalent in China.