No abstract available.
Aged ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Gastroparesis/complications/*diagnosis/radiography ; Gastroscopy ; Hernia, Diaphragmatic/complications/*diagnosis ; Humans ; Stomach Volvulus/*diagnosis/etiology/surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

This study was undertaken to explain weight control behavior and intention of obese children and adolescents as measured by the elements of the health belief model. A total of 732 obese students from 28 schools in Seoul metropolitan area and their mothers were assessed with a self-administered questionnaire. The analyzed results are as follows; l. Among obese students, 45.3% of male students and 57.2% of female students, a significantly higher portion than male students, reported that they had tried to lose weight within the recent year. Exercise was the most frequently used method to lose weight followed by diet control, drug use, and specialized clinic visits, in descending order. 2. Male students were more likely to try to lose weight if they perceived a low threat level and their mother had a job, and female students were more likely to try to lose weight if they were younger in age, perceived a low threat level and had strong external motivating factors. 3. Female students showed a significantly higher level of intention to obesity control than male students, and the intention level of their mothers also showed the same trend. 4. In male students, the degree of weight dissatisfaction, weight control experience, the level of obesity related beliefs of students, the educational level of the mother and economic status of the family were significant predictors of intention to obesity control, and in females, age, the level of obesity related beliefs of students and intention of their mothers were significant. In the mothers of male students, obesity index of students, age of the mother and the level of obesity related beliefs of the mother were significant predictors of intention of the mother, and in the mothers of female students, obesity index of students, occupational status of the mother and obesity related beliefs of the mother were significant. 5. According to the path model of intention to obesity control, the degree of weight dissatisfaction had the most powerful effect in male students, and perceived net benefit level was the most important variable in female students. Since the weight control behavior and intention of obese students were more predictable by the degree of weight dissatisfaction than the obesity index, we can conclude that only the students dissatisfied with their weight are well motivated for obesity control. There can be a discrepancy between the mother and her child's beliefs and intention status(especially in male students), so the therapists should also assess the student's opinion as well as the mother's. In female students, the perceived net benefit level was the most important predictor of intention to obesity control, therefore the intervention program should pay particular attention to the positive benefits of weight control rather than negative aspects(threats) of obesity.
Adolescent* ; Ambulatory Care ; Child* ; Diet ; Drug and Narcotic Control ; Employment ; Female ; Humans ; Intention* ; Male ; Mothers ; Obesity ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Seoul

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Physical activity (PA) is associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer. Thus, we examined the colon transit time (CTT) according to the physical activity level (PAL) in Korean adults. METHODS: The study subjects were 49 adults: 24 males and 25 females. The subjects used an accelerometer for 7 consecutive days to measure the 1-week PAL. The subjects took a capsule containing 20 radio-opaque markers for 3 days. On the fourth day, a supine abdominal radiography was performed. According to the total activity count of all study subjects, the upper 25%, middle 50% and lower 25% were classified into the high (H), moderate (M) and low (L) physical activity (PA) groups, respectively. RESULTS: The total CTT was significantly longer in the female (25.8 hours) than in the male subjects (7.4 hours) (P = 0.002). In regard to difference on PAL, although there was no significant difference among the male subjects, the right CTT in the female subjects was significantly shorter in H group than in M group (P = 0.048), and the recto-sigmoid CTT was significantly shorter in H group than in L group (P = 0.023). Furthermore, there were significant differences in total CTT between L and M groups (P = 0.022), M and H groups (P = 0.026) and between L and H groups (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The female, but not male, subjects showed that moderate and high PAL assisted colon transit.
Adult ; Colon ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Motor Activity ; Radiography, Abdominal

Duodenal diverticulitis is a rare complication of the duodenal diverticulum. Its rarity is due to the relatively large diameter of the duodenum, which makes the intraluminal flow of sterile liquid duodenal contents fluent. Additionally, nonspecific signs and symptoms of duodenal diverticulitis make it very difficult to diagnose properly. We describe a patient presenting with abdominal pain, nausea, and leukocytosis, with diverticulitis of the third portion of the duodenum caused by the impaction of a foreign body, who was diagnosed and treated with enteroscopy.
Abdominal Pain ; Diverticulitis ; Diverticulum ; Double-Balloon Enteroscopy ; Duodenum ; Foreign Bodies ; Humans ; Leukocytosis ; Nausea

This study was conducted to assess the nutrient intake patterns among urban and rural adolescents and to investigate the effects due to parent's socioeconomic status and other factors, such as mother's job, family type and regular exercise on that pattern. 2,455 middle and high school students living in Seoul and Yangpong, Kyounffi-Do participated in a self-administered questionnaire that was used to collect data. The one-day dietary intake was surveyed through a 24-hour recall method. The factors significantly different between urban and rural adolescents according to monthly income, parent's education level, mother's job, family type and exercise. Income, the parents' education level and regular exercise were associated with the patterns of nutrient intakes as a percent of the RDA. So, when adjusted for parental income, the father's and mother's education level and regular exercise, there were no signifcant differences within the patterns of nutritional intake between urban and rural adolescents. The results provided the information regarding the determinants of nutrient status among adolescents and were expected to be helpful for planning school health promotion programs.
Adolescent* ; Education ; Humans ; Parents* ; School Health Services ; Seoul ; Social Class* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVE: To determine the diagnostic performance of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) and DCE ultrasound (DCE-US) for predicting response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This Institutional Review Board-approved prospective study was performed between 2014 and 2016. Thirty-nine women with breast cancer underwent DCE-US and DCE-MRI before the NAC, follow-up DCE-US after the first cycle of NAC, and follow-up DCE-MRI after the second cycle of NAC. DCE-MRI parameters (transfer constant [Ktrans], reverse constant [kep], and leakage space [Ve]) were assessed with histograms. From DCE-US, peak-enhancement, the area under the curve, wash-in rate, wash-out rate, time to peak, and rise time (RT) were obtained. After surgery, all the imaging parameters and their changes were compared with histopathologic response using the Miller-Payne Grading (MPG) system. Data from minor and good responders were compared using Wilcoxon rank sum test, chi-square test, or Fisher's exact test. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used for assessing diagnostic performance to predict good response. RESULTS: Twelve patients (30.8%) showed a good response (MPG 4 or 5) and 27 (69.2%) showed a minor response (MPG 1–3). The mean, 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles of Ktrans and Kep of post-NAC DCE-MRI differed between the two groups. These parameters showed fair to good diagnostic performance for the prediction of response to NAC (AUC 0.76–0.81, p ≤ 0.007). Among DCE-US parameters, the percentage change in RT showed fair prediction (AUC 0.71, p = 0.023). CONCLUSION: Quantitative analysis of DCE-MRI and DCE-US was helpful for early prediction of response to NAC.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Drug Therapy* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Prospective Studies ; ROC Curve ; Ultrasonography*

PURPOSE: To correlate the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) with prognostic factors of breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 24 breast cancer patients were evaluated with CEUS. As a quantitative analysis, the peak enhancement (PE), wash-in and wash-out area under curve (WiWoAUC), wash-in rate (WiR) and wash-out rate, rise time, fall time, mean transit time, time to peak, and wash-in perfusion index (WiPI) were measured. As a qualitative analysis, the enhancement patterns were evaluated. Pathologic prognostic factors, including histologic grade, hormonal receptors and Ki-67 proliferative index were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Correlation of quantitative and qualitative parameters of CEUS with prognostic factors was assessed. RESULTS: We found that the quantitative CEUS values (PE, WiWoAUC, and WiPI) of estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer were higher than those of ER negative counterpart (all p < 0.05). Lower quantitative CEUS values (PE, WiWoAUC, WiR, and WiPI) were found in triple-negative cancer (TNC) than those of non-TNC (all p < 0.05). No CEUS parameter showed significant difference in distinguishing histologic grade (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The CEUS parameters were helpful in predicting prognostic factors, such as ER positivity or triple negativity. However, they could not predict the histologic grade.

BACKGROUND: Nausea and vomiting are predominant accompanying symptoms of migraine attacks. Although the underlying mechanism is not yet clear, gastric stasis is assumed to be the main factor. However, few studies have used direct methods to establish delayed gastric emptying of migraine patients. We compared interictal gastric motility between migraine patients and normal controls with the aid of gastric scintigraphy. METHODS: The study population comprised patients who had been diagnosed with episodic migraine, according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders, edition II. The entire study population was completely free of gastrointestinal symptoms during the headache-free period. Gastric scintigraphy was performed to determine the time to half emptying (T 1/2) and the percentage of radioactive material remaining in the stomach (%RMR) at 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. RESULTS: Twenty-six migraine patients and 12 normal controls were recruited. The mean T 1/2 did not differ between the two groups (101.8 vs 95.2 min; p=0.432). The %RMR values in the stomach at 30, 60, 90, and 120 min also did not differ significantly between the two groups [87.5% vs 88% (p=0.900), 70.8% vs 71.2% (p=0.950), 54.2% vs 53.3% (p=0.753), and 39.0% vs 37.3% (p=0.583), respectively]. CONCLUSIONS: There is no gastric stasis in patients with episodic migraine during headache-free periods. Our results suggest that the main mechanism underlying the nausea and vomiting in migraine patients is not a gastric stasis in interictal periods, but rather a central process, as a result of changes occurring in the brainstem during acute migraine attacks.
Brain Stem ; Gastric Emptying ; Gastroparesis ; Headache Disorders ; Humans ; Migraine Disorders ; Nausea ; Stomach ; Vomiting

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and metabolic disorders stand as formidable challenges that significantly impact the clinical outcomes and living quality for afflicted individuals. An intricate comprehension of the underlying mechanisms is paramount for the development of efficacious therapeutic strategies. Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs), a class of enzymes responsible for the precise regulation of protein methylation, have ascended to pivotal roles and emerged as crucial regulators within the intrinsic pathophysiology of these diseases. Herein, we review recent advancements in research elucidating on the multifaceted involvements of PRMTs in cardiovascular system and metabolic diseases, contributing significantly to deepen our understanding of the pathogenesis and progression of these maladies. In addition, this review provides a comprehensive analysis to unveil the distinctive roles of PRMTs across diverse cell types implicated in cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, which holds great potential to reveal novel therapeutic interventions targeting PRMTs, thus presenting promising perspectives to effectively address the substantial global burden imposed by CVDs and metabolic disorders.