Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation reduces epidermal hydration, which is paralleled by the reduction of natural moisturizing factors (NMFs). Of various NMFs, free amino acids (AAs) are major constituents generated by filaggrin degradation. In this study, we attempted to determine whether dietary supplementation of royal jelly (RJ) in UV-irradiated mice can alters epidermal levels of hydration, filaggrins, and free AAs as well as of peptidylarginine deiminase-3 (PAD3), an enzyme involved in filaggrin degradation processes. Albino hairless mice were fed either a control diet (group UV+: UV irradiated control) or diets with 1% RJ harvested from different areas in Korea (groups RJ1, RJ2, and RJ3) or imported from China (group RJ4) for six weeks in parallel with UV irradiation. A normal control group (group UV-) was fed a control diet without UV irradiation for six weeks. Reduced epidermal levels of hydration, total filaggrins, and PAD3 were observed in group UV+; in group RJ1, these levels were increased to a level similar to that of group UV-. In addition, profilaggrins, two repeat intermediates (2RI), a precursor with two filaggrin repeats, and filaggrin were increased. Although no alteration of AAs was observed in any of the groups, and glutamate and serine, major AAs of NMF in group RJ1 were higher than in group UV+. Despite the increased levels of PAD3, epidermal levels of hydration, filaggrins, glutamate, and serine in groups RJ2, RJ3, and RJ4 were similar to those in group UV+. Dietary supplementation of RJ1 improves epidermal hydration in parallel with enhanced expression and degradation of filaggrin, but not by increased protein expression of PAD3, along with increased generation of glutamate and serine.
Amino Acids ; Animals ; China ; Diet ; Dietary Supplements ; Fatty Acids ; Glutamic Acid ; Intermediate Filament Proteins ; Korea ; Mice ; Mice, Hairless ; Serine

Objective: Aspiration is a major concern for children with dysphagia because aspiration has been known as the primary etiology leading to recurrent pneumonia, and severe impairment of lung function in pediatric populations.This study aimed to examine the differences in each temporal measure between children with and without aspiration and investigate the effect of bolus consistency on the temporal measures. Methods: Forty-two children ranging in age from 1 year to 3 years and 11 months were included in this study. A referral for a videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) was made. They were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of aspiration. Sixteen children were aspirators, and twenty-six children were non-aspirators.Oropharyngeal temporal measures were analyzed using frame-by-frame analysis. Results: The delayed initiation of pharyngeal swallowing, delayed laryngeal closure, and poor bolus transition in the pharyngeal stage were associated with the risk of aspiration in children with dysphagia. The bolus consistency did not affect the oropharyngeal temporal measures. Conclusion The objective temporal data in this study, including the durations and onset of physiological events in relation to bolus movement, can be used for future research to compare the swallowing functions between groups of children with various etiologies and age ranges.

Objective: Aspiration is a major concern for children with dysphagia because aspiration has been known as the primary etiology leading to recurrent pneumonia, and severe impairment of lung function in pediatric populations.This study aimed to examine the differences in each temporal measure between children with and without aspiration and investigate the effect of bolus consistency on the temporal measures. Methods: Forty-two children ranging in age from 1 year to 3 years and 11 months were included in this study. A referral for a videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) was made. They were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of aspiration. Sixteen children were aspirators, and twenty-six children were non-aspirators.Oropharyngeal temporal measures were analyzed using frame-by-frame analysis. Results: The delayed initiation of pharyngeal swallowing, delayed laryngeal closure, and poor bolus transition in the pharyngeal stage were associated with the risk of aspiration in children with dysphagia. The bolus consistency did not affect the oropharyngeal temporal measures. Conclusion The objective temporal data in this study, including the durations and onset of physiological events in relation to bolus movement, can be used for future research to compare the swallowing functions between groups of children with various etiologies and age ranges.

Objective: Aspiration is a major concern for children with dysphagia because aspiration has been known as the primary etiology leading to recurrent pneumonia, and severe impairment of lung function in pediatric populations.This study aimed to examine the differences in each temporal measure between children with and without aspiration and investigate the effect of bolus consistency on the temporal measures. Methods: Forty-two children ranging in age from 1 year to 3 years and 11 months were included in this study. A referral for a videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) was made. They were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of aspiration. Sixteen children were aspirators, and twenty-six children were non-aspirators.Oropharyngeal temporal measures were analyzed using frame-by-frame analysis. Results: The delayed initiation of pharyngeal swallowing, delayed laryngeal closure, and poor bolus transition in the pharyngeal stage were associated with the risk of aspiration in children with dysphagia. The bolus consistency did not affect the oropharyngeal temporal measures. Conclusion The objective temporal data in this study, including the durations and onset of physiological events in relation to bolus movement, can be used for future research to compare the swallowing functions between groups of children with various etiologies and age ranges.

Objective: Aspiration is a major concern for children with dysphagia because aspiration has been known as the primary etiology leading to recurrent pneumonia, and severe impairment of lung function in pediatric populations.This study aimed to examine the differences in each temporal measure between children with and without aspiration and investigate the effect of bolus consistency on the temporal measures. Methods: Forty-two children ranging in age from 1 year to 3 years and 11 months were included in this study. A referral for a videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) was made. They were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of aspiration. Sixteen children were aspirators, and twenty-six children were non-aspirators.Oropharyngeal temporal measures were analyzed using frame-by-frame analysis. Results: The delayed initiation of pharyngeal swallowing, delayed laryngeal closure, and poor bolus transition in the pharyngeal stage were associated with the risk of aspiration in children with dysphagia. The bolus consistency did not affect the oropharyngeal temporal measures. Conclusion The objective temporal data in this study, including the durations and onset of physiological events in relation to bolus movement, can be used for future research to compare the swallowing functions between groups of children with various etiologies and age ranges.

Neuroendocrine carcinoma of colon is a rare disease entity that is histologically poorly differentiated and immunochemically synaptophysin positive, enabling it to be confirmed by an immunohistochemical stain. Neuroendocrine carcinomas, in almost all cases, have poor prognosis due to a tendency of early metastasis and lack of standardized treatment. The concurrent diagnosis of neuroendocrine carcinoma and adenocarcinoma is extremely rare. The relation of these two disease entities is not understood. We experienced a patient with a colonic neuroendocrine carcinoma concurrent with adenocarcinoma. A 65-year-old male presented with abdominal pain. Emergent computed tomography suggested a malignant tumor of the ascending colon. Colonoscopy showed an infiltrative lesion in the ascending colon with a luminal narrowing, a large pedunculated lesion at the splenic flexure, and multiple small polyps in the descending colon. The patient underwent a right hemicolectomy including the pedunculated lesion. The pathology confirmed advanced neuroendocrine carcinoma in the ascending colon, adenocarcinoma in proximal descending colon, and multiple metastatic lymph nodes of neuroendocrine carcinomas on abdomen. The patient underwent the postoperative chemotherapy but did not tolerate it well and expired a year after diagnosis. We report this rare case with a review of the literature.
Abdomen ; Abdominal Pain ; Adenocarcinoma ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine ; Colon ; Colon, Ascending ; Colon, Descending ; Colon, Transverse ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Colonoscopy ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Phenobarbital ; Polyps ; Prognosis ; Rare Diseases ; Synaptophysin

In 2010, a Korean guideline for the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) was made by the Korean Society of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, in which the definition and diagnosis of GERD were not included. The aim of this guideline was to update the clinical approach to the diagnosis and management of GERD in adult patients. This guideline was developed by the adaptation process of the ADAPTE framework. Twelve guidelines were retrieved from initial queries through the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation II process. Twenty-seven statements were made as a draft and revised by modified Delphi method. Finally, 24 consensus statements for the definition (n=4), diagnosis (n=7) and management (n=13) of GERD were developed. Multidisciplinary experts participated in the development of the guideline, and the external review of the guideline was conducted at the finalization phase.
Antacids/therapeutic use ; Anti-Ulcer Agents/therapeutic use ; Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use ; Barrett Esophagus/complications/diagnosis ; Databases, Factual ; Diet ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Endoscopy, Digestive System ; Esophageal pH Monitoring ; Gastroesophageal Reflux/complications/*diagnosis/drug therapy ; Histamine Antagonists/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Peptic Ulcer/complications/diagnosis ; Proton Pump Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Stomach Neoplasms/complications/diagnosis