_ Objective_ To analyze the relationship between the fasting plasma glucose ( FPG ) of pre-pregnancy women and occurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus( GDM) , and to explore the value of risk evaluation of GDM by lowerling cut-point for impaired fasting glucose ( IFG ) . Methods The general clinic check information before pregnancy, the plasma glucose levels during 24-28 weeks of pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes were collected prospectively in Weifang and Zhucheng Maternal and Child Health Hospital between February 2014 and November 2014. The FPG levels of the recruited women were lower than 6. 1 mmol/L. According to the criteria for GDM of Ministry of Health (MOH)of China in 2011, and based on the results of 75 g oral glucose tolerance test, pregnant women who underwent screening for GDM were recruited and separated into normal group and GDM group. Based on the FPG levels before pregnancy and according to the recommendation as American Diabetes Association ( ADA ) suggested in 2003, recruited women with normal FPG level according to World Health Organization ( WHO) criteria (1999)were divided into 5. 6-6. 1 mmol/L and<5. 6 mmol/L groups. Results Among the child-bearing age women with FPG<6. 1 mmol/L, the incidences of GDM and macrosomia were 19. 2% and 8. 2% respectively. In the group with FPG between 5. 6 and 6. 1 mmol/L, incidences of GDM and macrosomia were 34. 2% and 4. 7%respectively. While in the group with FPG<5. 6 mmol/L, incidences of GDM and macrosomia were 13. 2% and 15. 3% respectively. The risks of GDM and macrosomia were increased by 2. 6 times and 3. 3 times respectively in group with FPG between 5. 6 and 6. 1 mmol/L (34. 5%), compared with that in group with FPG<5. 6 mmol/L(P<0. 01). Age, FPG, and body mass index before pregnancy in GDM group were significantly higher than those in normal group. The receiver operating characteristic curves in predicting GDM showed that the optimum cut-points for age, FPG, and body mass index were 30 years old, 5. 55 mmol/L, and 23. 7 kg/m2 respectively. Conclusions The risk of GDM in childbearing aged women with FPG from 5. 55 to 6. 10 mmol/L was markedly increased. The optimum cut-point for FPG (5. 55 mmol/L) in predicting GDM was close to the low limit for IFG (5. 6 mmol/L) suggested by ADA in 2003. Decreasing the lower limit of IFG to 5. 6 mmol/L among women who checked before pregnancy and paying attention to those women with FPG from 5. 6 to 6. 1 mmol/L would have advantage to the evaluation and prevention of GDM.

Objective To investigate the value of multi-slice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) features, along with the expression levels of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant adrenal cortical tumors. Methods A total of 98 patients with adrenal cortical tumors admitted to Zibo Municipal Central Hospital from January 2020 to July 2024 were included in this study. All subjects underwent MSCT scans of the adrenal gland. The CT values of tumor parenchyma on plain scans and at arterial and venous phases were estimated. The surgical tumor specimens were collected for immunohistochemical staining and measurement of EGFR and IGF1R expression. The MSCT features and EGFR and IGF1R expression levels were compared among patients with different pathological types of adrenal cortical tumors. Results Of the 98 patients with adrenal cortical tumors, there were 18 cases with cortical carcinoma, 10 cases with metastatic tumors, 31 cases with pheochromocytoma, 25 cases with aldosterone-producing adenomas, and 14 cases with cortisol adenomas. The CT values of adrenal aldosterone-producing adenomas were significantly lower than other pathological types of adrenal cortical tumors on plain scans and at arterial and venous phases (P < 0.05). The CT values of metastatic tumors and cortical carcinoma were significantly lower than those of pheochromocytoma and cortisol adenomas at arterial and venous phases (P < 0.05). Specifically, at arterial and venous phases, the CT values of metastatic tumors were lower than those of cortical carcinoma, and the CT values of cortisol adenomas were lower than those of pheochromocytoma (P < 0.05). The positive expression levels of EGFR and IGF1R were higher in tumor specimens from patients with metastatic tumors and cortical carcinomas than from pheochromocytoma, aldosterone-producing adenomas, and cortisol adenomas (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between patients with metastatic tumors and cortical carcinomas in terms of positive EGFR and IGF1R expression (P > 0.05). In addition, there were no significant differences in the proportions of positive EGFR and IGF1R expression among patients with malignant adrenal cortical tumors in terms of ages, genders, tumor sizes, and TNM stages (P > 0.05). Conclusion The CT values of MSCT scans at arterial and venous phases as well as EGFR and IGF1R expression levels correlate with the pathological types of adrenal cortical tumors.

Bioethanol is one of the most promising and representative biofuel products. Photosynthetic production of ethanol using CO₂ and solar energy based on cyanobacteria is of great significance for research and application, due to the potential to reduce CO₂ emission and to provide renewable energy simultaneously. Here we review the history and updated development of cyanobacteria cell factories for ethanol photosynthetic production, the progress and problems in pathway optimization, chassis selection, and metabolic engineering strategies, and finally indicate the future development in this area.