Objective To study the value of quantitative analysis of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in diagnosing acute rejection of kidney graft.Methods Sixty-seven patients with normal kidney grafts and thirty-five patients with acute rejection were recruited.In conventional ultrasound,the peak systolic velocity (PSV) and resistance index (RI) of segmental artery and interlobar artery were measured.In quantitative analysis of contrast-enhanced ultrasound,four regions of interest including renal cortex,medulla,segmental artery and interlobar artery were drew and three parameters including rising time(RT),time to peak(TTP) and mean transit time(mTT) were obtained.In addition,the difference in RT,TTP and mTT between the renal cortex and interlobar artery,as well as medulla and interlobar artery were calculated.Results The differences of PSV in interlobar artery between the two groups were statistically significant (P ＜0.05).The time-intensity curves of the whole kidney grafts,and the difference in RT and TTP between the renal cortex and interlobar artery were statistically different between two groups (P ＜0.05).Conclasions Quantitative analysis of contrast-enhanced ultrasound proved a quantitative method for diagnosing kidney allograft acute rejection.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of virtual touch tissue quantification (VTQ) in the diagnosis of renal allograft fibrosis.Methods The renal allografts of 82 patients with biopsies or nephrectomy were assessed by virtual touch quantification.The renal allograft fibrosis was categorized according to the 2005 updated Banff criteria for a G0～G3 grade.All the results were compared among four groups.Results The mean SWV values in G0～G3 were (2.39 ± 0.31)m/s,(2.45 ± 0.34)m/s,(2.58 ± 0.18) m/s,(3.11 ± 0.40)m/s,respectively.There were no significant differences in the mean SWV value between G0 and G1 group,or between G1 and G2 group(P ＞0.05).There were significant differences in the mean SWV value between G0～G2 and G3 group,or between G0 and G2 group(P ＜0.05).Stiffness of renal allograft was significantly correlated to the mean SWV value (Spearman r =0.671,P ＜0.001).According to the area under the ROC curve,the sensitivity and specificity of SWV (area under ROC curve =0.847,cut-off=2.64 m/s) for grade ≥G2 was 78.9％ and 79.5％ respectively.Conclusions Stiffness measured by VTQ reflects the interstitial fibrosis in renal allograft.VTQ technique might be a new tool to identify patients with chronic allograft injury.

Objective To explore the potential value of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in diagnosis of renal pelvic carcinoma. Methods The ultrasonogram of conventional ultrasound and CEUS were analyzed retrospectively in 22 patients of renal pelvic carcinoma proved pathologically. The size, echo, boundary and color flow signal of renal pelvic lesions were observed with conventional ultrasound. The enhancement modality and phase of tumors were also observed with CEUS, including wash-in and wash-out time, as well as the perfusion appearances. Results The maximum diameters ranged from 1.5 cm to 8.5 cm in 22 renal pelvic tumors. Conventional ultrasound detected flat mass in 7 tumors, irregular mass in 15 tumors; the same side hydronephrosis in 11 patients. Color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) disclosed fairly rich flow signal of 5 tumors, a small amount of flow signal around tumor in 9 tumors and no-flow signal in the rest tumors. CEUS detected the cortical phase enhancement in all renal pelvic tumors, including synchronously enhancement in 8 tumors and delayed enhancement in 14 tumors. In peak time, hypoechogenicity compared to the normal renal cortex was showed in 18 tumors, hyperechogenicity in 3 tumors and isoechogenicity in 1 tumor. Fast wash-out in medulla phase was displayed in 20 tumors, isochronously wash-out in 1 tumor and delayed wash-out in 1 tumor. The diagnostic accuracy of the conventional ultrasound and CEUS was 63.64% (14/22) and 81.82% (18/22), respectively. Conclusion CEUS can depict blood flow supply and improve the diagnostic rate of renal pelvic carcinoma.

Objective To evaluate the value of quantitative analysis of contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in differentiating acute rejection(AR) from acute tubular necrosis(ATN) of transplant kidney. Methods Total of 67 kidney recipients were examined with conventional US and CEUS. Biopsies were performed in 37 patients, 26 patients were with AR, 11 with ATN, 30 patients as control group. The hemodynamic parameters (PSV and RI) were measured on infrarenal artery with conventional US, while CEUS quantitative analysis was performed on the cortex, pyramid and interlobar artery by time‐intensity curve (TIC). TIC parameters including rise time (RT ), time to peak (TTP), mean transit time (mTT ) were compared among three groups. In addition, the reproducibility of TIC parameters was evaluated. Results The RI in AR group was significantly higher than that in control group, but there were no significant differences of RI between AR and ATN groups. TIC parameters including RT, TTP were with high reproducibility (ICC> 0 7.5). Compared to the other two groups, the RT and TTP of the pyramid, ΔRTm‐c, and ΔTTPm‐c were significantly longer in AR group, the receiver operating curves (ROC) analysis demonstrated that ΔRTm‐c had the highest accuracy and RI had the lowest accuracy for detecting AR(areas under the curve were 0 7.86, 0 7.56, 0 7.49, 0 7.36 and 0 4.98, respectively). High sensitivity and specificity(78 3.% and 73 5.%, respectively) were shown when using 4 6.2 s as a cutoff point of ΔRTm‐c to diagnose AR. Conclusions Quantitative analysis of CEUS could detected the changes of the microcirculation perfusion in kidney grafts with AR and ATN, which might be superior in the diagnosis of AR compared with conventional US.

Objective:To evaluate the value of shear wave dispersion imaging in identifying inflammatory reaction zone after liver ablation in rabbits.Methods:The animal model was made by laser ablation of rabbit liver, and then shear wave dispersion imaging and strain elastography imaging were performed on the ablation area at 3 d, 7 d, and 14 d after ablation. The shear wave dispersion values, elastic value and strain ratio measured by shear wave elastography, shear wave dispersion and strain elastography in different regions such as central necrotic tissue, surrounding inflammatory reaction zone and normal liver tissue after ablation were analyzed.Results:The shear wave dispersion values of inflammatory reaction zone around ablation site, necrotic tissue in the center of ablation site and normal liver tissue in rabbits were (26.07±4.55)m·s -1·kHz -1, (21.97±10.53)m·s -1·kHz -1and (15.45±3.94)m·s -1·kHz -1, respectively, the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Compared with the three time points of 3 d, 7 d and 14 d after ablation, the shear wave dispersion value of the inflammatory zone was the highest on the 7th day after ablation ( P<0.05), while the elastic value and strain ratio in this region did not change significantly among these three time points ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Shear wave dispersion imaging can simultaneously measure tissue elasticity and viscosity, which has certain application value in identifying the inflammatory reaction zone around the ablation site in rabbit liver.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of biochemical markers in EBC and serum in patients with bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome(ACOS). Methods We selected Patients with chronic airway inflammatory diseases in our hospital,These patients underwent clinical trial after the stable phase,including 18 ACOS patients,22 asthma patients,24 COPD patients and 20 healthy non-smokers in the same period.8-isoPG and other inflammatory factors levels in EBC and serum were measured in the selected patients. A comparative analysis was performed. Results The levels of EBC 8-isoPG in the ACOS group were significantly higher than those in the healthy control group,The levels of serum and EBC 8-isoPG in the ACOS group were significantly higher than the asthma group and the COPD group(P < 0.05). The level of 8-isoPG in EBC was not related to age,smoking index,weight,and FEV1value(P>0.05).Conclusions Inflam-matory factors including 8-isoPG,are involved in chronic inflammation in lung tissues of patients with ACOS. 8-isoPG in EBC may have potential value in identifying ACOS from COPD and asthma as biomarkers and deserve further study.

Eight sub-databases of pharmacological information on rational use of medicines were designed and established. These sub-databases cover dosing frequency, therapeutic drug priority to auxiliary medication, infusion shelf-life after admixture, incompatibility of two continuous infusion in the vein infusion tube, chronopharmacology, drug interaction involved in administration sequence , venous irritative drugs and preventive medicine. Once the standing order delivery to PIVAS involves any of these sub-databases, the system will prompt in turn " Auxiliary" , " Time limit" , " Taboo" , " Chronopharmacology" , " Interaction" , " Irritative" and " Preventive (therapeutic)" , starting from therapeutic drug priority to auxiliary medication. Pharmacists would make a reasonable sequence of the corresponding infusion and label the administration sequence on the infusion tag according to the prompt.Compared to the circumstance prior to this system, the wards with the infusion sequence labeling and equipped with intelligent prompt increased from 2 to 43; the percentage of such inpatients increased from 0.50% to 66.33%; the percentage of medical orders increased from 0.72% to 78.94%. The time spent by pharmacists for the same workload reduced from 73.44 h per day to 1.94 h per day. The times of flushing infusion tube reduced from 34.42 to 1.49 per ward and per day. The cost of flushing infusion tubes reduced by a big margin. PIVAS has established a method of regulating infusion administration sequence by an intelligent prompt system, based on improved safety and effectiveness of medication.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE：To establish the infusion sequence regulation procedure of PIVAS，and implement individual regulation. METHODS：By combining factors such as liquid volume of each batch，incompatibility between groups and specific solvents of specific drugs，intelligent prompt system and the artificial intelligent regulation system of infusion sequence were successively established to sequence the therapeutic drugs and adjuvant drugs used for the patients with different diagnoses and different purposes in different inpatient areas in a day，so as to realize intelligent control of individual infusion sequence. From Jan. to Sept. in 2017 and from Jan. to Sept. in 2019 as research stages before and after the intelligent control of individualized infusion sequence，the control effect was evaluated with the proportion of reasonable number of infusion priority cases，the proportion of appropriate number of elderly patients’batch liquid volume cases，the proportion of incompatibility cases between separate groups， the number and cost of flushing tubes as index. RESULTS：After regulating infusion sequence individually，the proportion of reasonable infusion priority rose from 5.56％ to 98.72％ ；the proportion of batch liquid quantity appropriate cases in elderly patients rose from 9.58％ to 98.10％；the proportion which separated the incompatibility between groups rose from 41.03％ to 99.12％；the number of washing tube dropped to（0.95±0.43）times/ward/d from（12.95±0.57）times/ward/d；the cost of washing tube could be saved 85 800 yuan/year. CONCLUSIONS：The implementation of individualized infusion sequence regulation promote safe and effective infusion，and provide reference for pharmacists of PIVAS in China to carry out precise pharmaceutical care.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of influence of different oxygen concentrations on the composting process of solid biomass waste to determine the optimal oxygen parameters for future controlled ecological life support system(CELSS)solid waste treatment on extraterrestrial planet bases and enhance oxygen utilization efficiency.Methods Using the self-developed solid waste bioreactor test system,aerobic composting experiments were conducted on wheat straw and simulated manure with three different oxygen concentrations of 10%,15%,and 21%.Gas components(O2,NH3,CH4,and N2O)and material maturity indicators(moisture content,dissolved organic carbon,NH4+-N,and seed germination index)were regularly analyzed throughout the treatment process.Results The 15%O2 treatment group had the highest oxygen consumption,the lowest emissions of NH3 and N2O,the best degradation effect of dissolved organic carbon content and the higher NH4+-N content.CH4 emissions in the three treatment groups were all at a low level.At the end of composting,the moisture content of the products in the 10%O2 and 15%O2 treatment groups was all higher than 74%,and the water-holding capacity was the best.The seed germination indexes in the 3 treatment group were 86.64%,123.81%,and 97.98%,respectively.Conclusion Com pared to oxygen concentrations of 10%and 21%,the 15%oxygen concentration can effectively reduce the emission of NH3 and N2O.It also improves nitrogen and water retention,enhances dissolved organic carbon degradation effects,and results in higher maturity levels.

Objective To develop the volume adjustable vegetable facilities and meet the demands of research on the growing technique of vegetables.Methods Three series of adjustable volume vegetable facilities were developed with light and ventilation module,growth module,cultivation tray module and measurement module.Telescopic structure was adopted in the facilities and the performance testing and characteristics analyses were carried out.Results The facilities could be adjusted at the height range of 250-700 mm.Three kinds of LED lights and replaceable cultivation tray and matrix were installed in the facilities.The parameters including water content,electric conductivity and temperature in the matrix,CO2 concentration in the atmosphere of facilities were monitored.The test results showed that the performances and the indexes of facilities met the subsequent experimental demands.Conclusion Light weight,small volume,and adjustable volume vegetable facilities were developed.The production efficiency of lettuce(12 plants/0.12 m2)grown in the facilities was 49.7 g(FW)plant-1.The development of facilities laid the foundation of construction of on-orbit vegetable facility.