Human cancers arise from an imbalance of cell growth and cell death.Critical factors that control the balance are those regulate the cell cycle.Several molecular effectors have been identified to be able to regulate specific phases of the cell cycle,including cyclins,cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and CDK inhibitors.Notably,deficiency of two G1-checkpoint CDK inhibitors-p21 (CDKN1A) and p27 (CDKN1B)-has been implicated to be correlated with initiation or progression of many human malignancies or cancer cells drug-resistance.However,contradict reports also suggested that p21 and p27 could promote tumor progression.Here,we summarized the historic and recent studies on these two CDK inhibitors,including their identification as well as their roles in carcinogenesis and drug resistance.

With the social development,the number of obese people is increasing.Recent studies have shown that obese women to have breast cancer disease's risk is higher than normal body weight,and etabolic disorders growing threat to human health.Estrogen,aromatase have contributed to the occurrence and development of breast cancer after menopause.AMPK is a negative regulator of aromatase,it can inhibit proliferation of cancer cells by metabolic pathways.What's more metformin,resveratrol inhibited proliferation by this route has been confirmed in breast cancer cells.Here,the author do an overview of the role of obesity-related factor for postmenopausal breast tissue estrogen synthesis and metabolic abnormalities affect aromatase expression in breast.

Objective To compare the effect of hollow screw and double suture anchors for the treatment of the intercondylar eminence fractures of tibia.Methods The data of 68 patients with intercondylar eminence fractures of tibia from January 2006 to January 2012 were retrospectively reviewed.33 patients of them received treatment of hollow screw,35 patients received double suture anchors.All patients had X-ray films before operation.After follow-up of 3,6,12 and 36 months,they all were examined by X-ray eminence in an appropriate position.Union time was from 6 to 12 weeks and evaluated by Lysholm system.Results After a follow-up for 24 to 43 months and the average period was 36 months.A total of 68 patients turned up.The outcome of treatment was evaluated on the basis of X-ray and clinical findings in hollow screw group and double suture anchors group.Union and average time was 8 weeks.During the follow-up time,clinical evaluation included the range of motion and knee joint stability was examined and no knee joint instability and abnormal activity were found.During the 3 months and 6 months,there were significant differences between hollow screw group and double suture anchors group (P ＞ 0.05).But during the follow-up from 12 to 24 months,there were significant differences between hollow screw group and double suture anchors group (P＞0.05) according to Lysholm system,clinical evaluation including range of motion and knee pain was examined and knee pain and abnormal activity were found in this two groups.Conclusion Clinical characteristics of patients and individual requirement should be considered comprehensively before an individual treatment choice is made for the treatment of the intercondylar eminence fractures of tibia.

Decades researches of molecular oncology have found some moleculars which can promote tumor growth and help cancer surrive.This brings new hope for the treatment of tumors.Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is the first important molecular to inhibit tumor growth.Fifty percent triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) overexpress EGFR.EGFR and its downstream pathway can regulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition,promote tumor cell migration.EGFR therapy can improve the chemosensitivity of TNBC cells,apoptotic signal transduction occur.These studies suggest that the EGFR targeted therapy may have an important role in the treatment of TNBC and IBC.

TET1 has been discovered capable of promoting DNA demethylation by mediating 5-methylcytosine to inhibit the genesis and development of cancer.Epithelial-Mesenchymal transition is a complex cellular program in cancer progression and metastasis,whose hallmark is loss of cell polarity and cell adhesion and acquirement of migration and invasion abilities,leading tumor cells into blood vessel and lymphatic vessels to form new metastatic lesions.Epigenetics plays a vital role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition.This review focuses on the relationship of TET1,epigenetics and epithelial-mesenchymall transition,and the research progression of TET1's role in cancer invasion and metastasis.

Objective:To observe the effect of early mechanical ventilation on the expression of inflammatory factors and prognosis of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI).Methods:From January 2017 to December 2020, 138 patients with sTBI admitted to the department of the emergency of Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch were enrolled. Although some patients were admitted to hospital without acute respiratory failure, their Glasgow coma score (GCS) were less than 8, they bad risk of hypoxia, so early mechanical ventilation was required. According to the patient's condition and the willingness of family members, patients were divided into mechanical ventilation group (tracheal intubation mechanical ventilation) and conventional oxygen inhalation group (nasal catheter or mask oxygen inhalation) in the end. The arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO 2), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO 2), oxygenation index (PaO 2/FiO 2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin (IL-6, IL-10) levels at admission, preoperation and 72 hours postoperation, as well as GCS before operation and 1 week after operation, the duration and number of patients successfully evacuated from the ventilator within 1 week after surgery were observed and analyzed. Results:A total of 138 sTBI patients were enrolled in the study, including 72 cases in the mechanical ventilation group and 66 cases in the routine oxygen inhalation group. In the two groups, PaO 2, PaO 2/FiO 2 and IL-10 were higher, and PaCO 2, TNF-αand IL-6 were lower at 72 hours post operation than that before operation. Moreover, the changes in the mechanical ventilation group were more significant than those in the conventional oxygen inhalation group [PaO 2 (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa): 94.6±7.7 vs. 92.5±6.8, PaO 2/FiO 2 (mmHg): 351±94 vs. 319±89, IL-10 (ng/L): 8.2±2.7 vs. 7.4±1.8, PaCO 2 (mmHg): 35.6±1.8 vs. 37.5±2.7, TNF-α(ng/L): 71.5±6.3 vs. 96.8±15.5, IL-6 (ng/L): 10.8±3.9 vs. 14.4±6.5, all P < 0.05]. There were 17 patients with severe respiratory insufficiency or failure in the conventional oxygen inhalation group before operation. Compared with the conventional oxygen inhalation group, the GCS score (11.7±3.1 vs. 9.1±4.6) and the proportion of successful weaning [62.5% (45/72) vs. 44.0% (29/66)] were significantly higher, and the duration of successful weaning (hours: 63.5±28.6 vs. 88.1±33.9) was significantly shorter in the mechanical ventilation group 1 week after operation. Conclusion:Early mechanical ventilation in sTBI patients can significantly improve oxygen supply, inhibit the release of pro-inflammatory factors, reduce secondary brain damage, and effectively improve the prognosis.