Objective To investigate the relationship between bone marrow micrometastasis of patients with breast cancer and clinical pathological parameters, some molecular markers as well as prognosis.Methods The expression of hMAM mRNA in BM of patients with breast cancer was detected by RT-PCR.The expressions of ER, PR in cancer tissues were detected by immunohistochemical SP method. Results About 38.2 % positive expression rate of hMAM mRNA in 102 patients with stage Ⅰ -Ⅳ breast cancer was found.The expression of hMAM increased more in patients with T2-3 (＞2 cm) tumors than T1 (≤2 cm) (P =0.001)and with stage Ⅱ ,Ⅲ than stage Ⅰ (P =0.001). The expression of hMAM in the BM of breast cancer with grade I was lower than that of grade Ⅱ or Ⅲ (P =0.014). The expression of hMAM in the BM was related to the pathological type (P =0.032) and the axillary lymph node metastasis (P =0.001). The expressions of hMAM in BM were much higher with ER negative in breast cancer tissues (P ＜0.05). There was a correlation between patients with positive expression of hMAM in BM and distant metastasis (P =0.009). Conclusion The micrometastasis in BM is correlated with some clinical pathological parameters and some tumor markers. The patients with positive expression of hMAM in BM have more chances with distant metastasis and poor prognosis. The detection of micrometastasis may be as one of targets to predict the prognosis of breast cancer.

Objective:To study the influence of the DCs from mononuclear cells in axillary draining lymph nodes of patients with breast cancer to the cytotoxicity of the antigenic specific CTLs stimulated by freeze-thrawing antigen from breast cancer cells in vitro.Methods:The mononuclear cells were isolated from axillary draining lymph nodes,and were cultured with cytokines to induce DCs and tumor draining lymph node cells(TDLNCs) respectively.DCs stimulated by the auto-breast cancer freeze-thrawing antigen(DCs-Ag).TDLNCs were co-cultured with DCs-Ag to derive tumor antigenic specific CTLs(DC-Ag-TDLNC).Then the cytotoxicty of specific CTLs to auto-breast cancer cells and MCF-7 cells was detected.Results:The cytotoxicity of DC-Ag-TDLNC,DC-TDLNC and TDLNC to the auto-breast cancer cells was 67.64%、31.25% and 26.36% respectively,P0.05.Conclusion:Typical DCs can be induced from the mononuclear cells from axillary draining lymph nodes after stimulated with cytokines(rhGM-CSF,rhIL-4 and TNF-?).The DCs possess stronger antigen presentation and can obviously increase the killing activity of tumor antigen specific CTLs to auto-breast cancer cells.

Objective: To prepare auto-tumor-specific cytotoxicity T lymphocytes (CTLs) of breast cancer patients and to observe their therapeutic effects on bone marrow micrometastasis (BMM) of breast cancer. Methods: BMM in 82 patients with primary breast cancer (stage Ⅰ to Ⅲ) , who were treated in the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University from March to December in 2007 (all the patients signed paper of informed consent), was exmined by flow cytometryusing CK18 and CK19 as marker. Twenty-three patients with BMM were randomly divided into two groups: 17 patients were treated with tumor-specific CTLs (therapy group), and 6 patients were treated with IL-2 (control group). Tumor-specific CTLs were induced in vitro from axillary lymph nodes and peripheral blood of breast cancer patients in ther-apy group, and were reinfused into the same patient 10-14 days after operation. The therapeutic effects of tumor-specific CTLs on BMM of breast cancer patients were observed. Results: Twenty-three cases (28.05%) in 82 breast cancer patients were BMM positive as detected by FCM. BMM positive rates increased with the increase of clinical TNM stages and histological grades of breast cancer, and decreased with the increase of ER and PR protein expression in cancer tis-sues. Dendritic cells (DCs) were successfully isolated and induced from the peripheral blood of breast cancer patients. Tumor-specific CTLs were induced by co-culturing lymphocytes from axillarey lymph nodes with auto-tumor antigen-im-pulsed DCs. Fourteen cases in the therapy group became negative of BMM after treatment with tumor-specific CTLs (14/ 19, 82.35%). Only one case in the control group became negative of BMM after treatment with IL-2 (1/6, 16.67%, P=0.00028). Conclusion: Tumor-specific CTLs have been successfully prepared and they show a satisfactory therapeu-tic effect on bone marrow micrometastasis of breast cancer.

Human cancers arise from an imbalance of cell growth and cell death.Critical factors that control the balance are those regulate the cell cycle.Several molecular effectors have been identified to be able to regulate specific phases of the cell cycle,including cyclins,cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and CDK inhibitors.Notably,deficiency of two G1-checkpoint CDK inhibitors-p21 (CDKN1A) and p27 (CDKN1B)-has been implicated to be correlated with initiation or progression of many human malignancies or cancer cells drug-resistance.However,contradict reports also suggested that p21 and p27 could promote tumor progression.Here,we summarized the historic and recent studies on these two CDK inhibitors,including their identification as well as their roles in carcinogenesis and drug resistance.

Objective In order to find the pollution source and provide some useful references for the controlling of the heavy metal pollution to the tea. Methods From March to April,2007,the soil and tea samples were collected from 10 tea gardens in the main producing areas. The soil samples were digested. The tea samples were dissolved by mix acid solution after being burnt into ashes,then the contents of lead and copper were determined by FAAS. Results There was a significant positive correlation between tea and soil in the lead contents (r lead=0.650 2,P

Objective To investigate the expression and role of Skp2 and P21 in the process of breast hyperplasia cancerizing.Methods The expression of Skp2 and P21 protein in normal breast tissue,adenosis of breast,breast atypical hyperplasia,breast hyperplasia cancerization,and breast cancer were detected by immunohistochemical staining SP method.Results(1) The expression of Skp2 and P21 in normal breast tissue and adenosis of breast was negative,the positive staining rate of Skp2 and P21 in breast atypical hyperplasia was 25.71% and 37.14%,in breast hyperplasia cancerization 63.16% and 73.68%,breast cancer,75% and 100% respectively.The contradistinction between breast atypical hyperplasia and breast hyperplasia cancerization was of significant statistically.But there was no statistical significance between breast hyperplasia cancerization and breast cancer.(2) The expression of P21 could lead to accelerated expression of Skp2.(?2= 10.024,P=0.002).There was a significant positive correlation between Skp2 and P21(r=0.563,P=0.000).Conclusion Skp2 and P21 are involed in the early stage of breast cancer and contribute to the maligant phenotype without affecting infiltration.Both of them are danger factors for breast hyperplasia cancerizing and contribute to malignant process from normal breast tissue and atypical hyperplasia to breast cancer.They are effective indicators for prognosis of breast hyperplasia.

Objective To discuss the prevention and treatment of catheter fracture of implantable venous access port (IVAP).Methods A total of 878 adult patients,who received IVAP during the period from January 2012 to December 2012 in a single medical center,were collected.Among the 878 patients,catheter fracture occurred in 7 patients.The clinical data of the 7 patients were retrospectively analyzed.By referring to the related literature,the causes and the prevention measures for catheter fracture were discussed.Results As of November 31,2016,the catheter fracture rate of IVAP,which was implanted via internal jugular vein (IJV),was 0.8％ (7/878).The fracture occurrence time was 855-1412 days after implantation of IVAP,with a mean of 1133 days.The common fracture sites were catheter-IJV junction,catheter-IVAP base joint,and subcutaneous tunnel segment.Conclusion Catheter fracture is one of the serious complications which occur in the course of long-period use of IVAP after its implantation.Standardization of operative procedure,strengthening of the maintenance and nursing education,timely removal of IVAP,and other necessary measures can help reduce the incidence of IVAP catheter fracture and ensure the safety of patients.

Background Endoscopic cydophotoeoagulation (ECP) combined with phacoemulsification (Phaco) and intraocular lens (IOL) (ECP+Phaco+IOL) surgery has been widely used,but its lowing intraocular pressure (IOP) effect is unclear.Objectives This study was to investigate the lowing-IOP effect of ECP+Phaco+ IOL in chronic glaucoma.Methods This experimental process was approved by Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Medical College of Nanchang University.Chronic glaucoma models were established bilateral eyes of 30 pigmented rabbits using laser 360°trabecular meshwork photocoagulation.Forty-eight model eyes were randomized to four groups.ECP of 180°,270° and 360° was performed in the A,B and C groups,respectively,and Phaco+IOL was simultaneously carried out;while trabeculectomy (Trab) combined with Phaco+IOL surgery (Trab+ Phaco+IOL) was performed in the D group.IOP was measured and compared by iCare rebound tonometer before surgery and 1 day,1 week,2 weeks,1 month,3 months and 6 months after surgery.Results The IOP was(13.31±1.85)mmHg before surgery and that in 1 week after surgery was (33.19±5.59)mmHg,with a significant difference between them (t=94.676,P=0.000).No significant difference was seen among the four groups before operation (P＞0.05).The IOP was significantly lower in the C group compared with the A group and B group in postoperative 1 day (P =0.001,0.035),and in the first week after operation,the IOP was significantly lower in the C group than that of the A group (P=0.013).In the second week after operation,the IOP of the B group was considerably lower than that of the A group,and that of the C group was significant reduced in comparison with the B group (P=0.002,0.006).The IOP was lowest in the C group in postoperative 1 month in comparison with the A,B and C groups (P=0.001,0.009,0.026),and lower IOP was found in the C group compared with the A group in 3 months and 6 months after operation (P=0.008,0.011).In addition,the lowing-IOP range was larger in the group compared with the A group and B group in2 weeks and 1 month after operation (2 weeks:P=0.018,0.014;1 month:P=0.024,0.016).No serious complication was found in various groups.Conclusions Both ECP+Phaco+IOL and Trab+Phaco+IOL can reduce IOP effectively and safely.The lowing-IOP effect is better in larger range of cyclophotocoagulation eye during the ECP+ Phaco+IOL surgery.

With the social development,the number of obese people is increasing.Recent studies have shown that obese women to have breast cancer disease's risk is higher than normal body weight,and etabolic disorders growing threat to human health.Estrogen,aromatase have contributed to the occurrence and development of breast cancer after menopause.AMPK is a negative regulator of aromatase,it can inhibit proliferation of cancer cells by metabolic pathways.What's more metformin,resveratrol inhibited proliferation by this route has been confirmed in breast cancer cells.Here,the author do an overview of the role of obesity-related factor for postmenopausal breast tissue estrogen synthesis and metabolic abnormalities affect aromatase expression in breast.

Neoadjuvant therapy is a preoperative systemic treatment for patients with breast cancer. This therapy has greatly improved the clinical outcomes of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer, which is associated with poor prognosis. Currently, dual anti-HER2 antibodies, including trastuzumab and pertuzumab, combined with non-anthracycline chemotherapy is one of the standard regimens to achieve high pathologic complete response rate and satisfactory efficacy. The combination of trastuzumab with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, antibody-drug conjugate drugs, or immunotherapy combined with target therapy, under the indications of reasonable biomarkers, is effective for HER2-positive breast cancer. In this article, we briefly reviewed neoadjuvant therapy in the dual-targeting therapy era and discussed its future perspectives.