Objective To explore the role of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex in the adriamycin induced the podecytes.Methods 1 μmol/L adriamycin (ADM) was used to induce mice podocytes for 24 hours and detected the apoptosis ratio,podosytes damage markers (Desmin) and the related expression of mTOR,then the role of mTOR was analysized in ADM induced podosytes.Results 1 umol/L ADM induced mice podosytes for 24 hours can make the podocytes damage.Compared with control group,podosytes activity declined(t =28.68,P ＜ 0.001),apoptosis rate increased both early (t =10.24,P =10.24) and late (t =4.26,P =4.26),and Desmin expression increased(t =6.16,P ＜0.001).mTOR expression decreased in ADM group.Compared with control group,both mTOR and phosphorylation mTOR expression decreased (t =3.57,P =3.57).mTOR downstream target molecular S6K1 and 4ebpl mRNA expression decreased(t =18.28,P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion ADM can make podosytes damage and the mechanism of ADM induced podosytes damage may be related to the decreasing mTOR and the low activity of mTOR.

ObjectiveTo study the distribution characters and linkage disequilibrium of vitamin D receptor(VDR) gene ApaI and BsmI polymorphism,and explore the genetic susceptibility of VDR and vitamin D deficiency rickets.MethodsVDR gene ApaI and BsmI polymorphisms were determined by PCRRFLP technology in 56 cases of rickets and 76 cases of normal children.The frequencies of the VDR genotype and allele were compared between the two groups.The software SHEsis was used to make linkage disequilibrium analysis.Results No significant difference was found in either the frequency distribution of VDR gene ApaI and BsmI polymorphism or allele of them between two groups; Two polymorphisms didn't show linkage disequilibrium and D' and r2 were 0.23 and 0.01,respectively.ConclusionsThe ApaI and BsmI polymorphism of VDR gene might be not associated with vitamin D deficiency rickets.Two polymorphisms didn't show linkage disequilibrium.

Objective To establish an HPLC method for the determination of ginsenosides Rg1 and Re in Shenqi Granula.Methods Chromasil C18 column(250 mm?4.6 mm)was used with acetonitrile-0.05% phosphoric acid solution(21∶79)as mobile phase.The flow rate was 1 mL/min and the detected wavelength was 203 nm.Results Ginsenosides Rg1 and Re could be baseline separated with in 30 min.The average recovery rates were 99.60% and 98.5%,corresponding RSD were 1.93% and 2.31% for ginsenoside Rg1 and Re,respectively(n=5).Conclusion This method is fast and accurate and can be used for quality control of Shenqi Granula.

Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) is one of the most common clinical manifestations of systemic small vasculitis in children with non-thrombocytopenic, and mainly manifested as skin purpura, arthritis, gastrointestinal symptoms and Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis (HSPN). The severity of renal involvement is the main factor determining the long-term prognosis of children with HSP.Studies have revealed that the determination of pentraxin 3 (PTX3) in serum can be used for early diagnosis of HSPN and prediction of renal injury.In this paper, the origin, gene and protein structure, function, potential relationship and mechanism of action between PTX3 and HSP were discussed, so as to provide new ideas for the early diagnosis and treatment of HSPN.

Currently,three predominant subtypes of influenza virus are prevalent in pig populations worldwide:H1N1,H3N2,and H1N2.European avian-like H1N1 viruses,which were initially detected in European pig populations in 1979,have been circulating in pigs in eastern China since 2007.In this study,six influenza A viruses were isolated from 60 swine lung samples collected from January to April 2011 in eastern China.Based on whole genome sequencing,molecular characteristics of two isolates were determined.Phylogenetic analysis showed the eight genes of the two isolates were closely related to those of the avian-like H1N1 viruses circulating in pig populations,especially similar to those found in China.Four potential glycosylation sites were observed at positions 13,26,198,277 in the HA1 proteins of the two isolates.Due to the presence of a stop codon at codon 12,the isolates contained truncated PB1-F2 proteins.In this study,the isolates contained 591Q,627E and 701N in the polymerase subunit PB2,which had been shown to be determinants of virulence and host adaptation.The isolates also had a D rather than E at position 92 of the NS1,a marker of mammalian adaptation.Both isolates contained the GPKV motif at the PDZ ligand domain of the 3' end of the NS1,a characteristic marker of the European avian-like swine viruses since about 1999,which is distinct from those of avian,human and classical swine viruses.The M2 proteins of the isolates have the mutation (S31N),a characteristic marker of the European avian-like swine viruses since about 1987,which may confer resistance to amantadine and rimantadine antivirals.Our findings further emphasize the importance of surveillance on the genetic diversity of influenza A viruses in pigs,and raise more concerns about the occurrence of cross-species transmission events.

Objectives To investigate the effect of matrine (MAT) on adriamycin (ADR) induced podocyte injury in vitro and explore the function of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) protein signaling pathway during the intervention. Methods ADR (1μmol/L) was used to induce the model of podocyte injury and then the podocytes were intervened by 10, 20 and 40μg/ml MAT for 24 hours. The viability and apoptosis rate of podocytes, mRNA and protein expressions of desmin and mTOR were detected. The effect of different concentrations of MAT on ADR-induced podocytes was analyzed. Results Com-pared with the control group, declined viability of podocytes (P<0.001), increased percentage of apoptotic podocytes (P<0.001), and increased expression of damage marker desmin (P=0.002) were observed in ADR group. In ADR group, after intervention with MAT of 10-40μg/ml, increased viability of podocytes (P<0.05), decreased percentage of apoptotic podocytes (P<0.05), and decreased expression of damage marker Desmin were found (P<0.05). The protein expression of mTOR and phosphorylation state of mTOR (p-mTOR) decreased in ADR induced-podocytes (P<0.05), and after intervention with MAT of 10-40μg/ml, the expression of mTOR and p-mTOR increased (P<0.05). The expression of mTOR downstream target protein s6k1 and 4EBP1 mRNA decreased in ADR group (P=0.071), while increased after intervention with MAT of 10-40μg/ml (P<0.05). Conclusions 10-40μg/ml MAT have protective effects on ADR-induced podocytes in vitro. The protection mechanism may be related to mTOR signaling pathway.

Objective To study the association of vitamin D receptor(VDR) gene BsmI polymorphism and the genetic susceptibility of vitamin D deficiency rickets in infants and to explore a new way of diagnosis and treat-ment. Methods Case-control study was adopted. 56 infants confirmed with rickets (case group) and 76 cases of normal infants (control group) were chosen as the subjects. PCR-RFLP was applied to examine VDR gene BsmI site polymorphism. The frequencies of the VDR genotype and allele were compared between the two groups. Results Frequencies of BB,Bb and bb genotypes were 3.6% (2/56),21.4% (12/56) and 75.0% (42/56) in the rickets group,and 1.3% (1/76),18.4% (14/76) and 80.3% (61/76) in the control group respectively(χ20.521,P> 0.05),frequencies of B,b alleles were 14.3% (16/112),85.7% (96/112) in the rickets group and 10.5% (16/152),89.5% (134/152) in the control group respectively(χ20.783,P>0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that VDR gene polymorphism Bsml had not higher risk of vitamin D deficiency rickets in Infants. Conclusion VDR gene polymorphism BsmI doesn't appear to pose risk on infants in developing vitamin D deficien-cy rickets.

Objective To evaluate the distribution of fetal abnormal chromosome karyotype in mid-pregnancy and analyse the possible misdiagnosis risks of molecular techniques in clinical prenatal diagnosis.Methods Fetal karyotype ( fetal cell collected from amniotic fluid ) in Prenatal Diagnosis Center of Zhejiang Province between 2001 and 2010 were retrospectively analyzed on distribution according to 7 different referral indication:positive screening for trisomy 21, trisomy 18, advanced maternal age , abnormal history of pregnancies , abnormal family history , fetal structural abnormalities and others.The combination of trisomy 21, trisomy 18 and trisomy 13 ( T21/18/13 Group) and the aneuploidies of chromosome 21, 18, 13, X, Y (21/18/13/X/Y Group) were further analyzed based on the current molecular target detection range.Results There were 462 cases out of 12 481 with chromosomal abnormality (3.60%, 462/12 841), with 215 cases of high risk (detection rate 1.67%, 215/12 841) and 247 cases of low risk (detection rate 1.92%, 247/12 841).Under different indications , the detection rate on abnormal chromosome of high risk (high-risk CA) is different,“abnormal fetal ultrasound” is the highest(27.27%,24/88).Among the high-risk CA, T21/18/13 Group accounted for 72.56%(156/215), while the 21/18/13/X/Y Group accounted for 94.88%(204/215).For the 7 regular indications , the high-risk CA distribute different;Except the T21/18/13 Group and 21/18/13/X/Y Group, the rates of other abnormal chromosome karyotype in the high risk CA were 0.28%( 2/719 )-12.5%( 11/88 ) and 0.06%( 4/6 915 )-1.14%( 1/88 ) according to different indication, respectively.Conclusions The distribution of abnormal karyotype were different under different referral indication;the detection power and possible misdiagnosis risks were varied under different indication for each molecular technique.It was suggested that doctors should select suitable molecular technique according to different clinical indications and each molecular method has its own limitations .

BACKGROUND:To overcome the disadvantages of traditional mechanical analysis of specimens, and establish the finite element model of realistic foot, are the important basements for the finite element mechanical analysis on foot.
OBJECTIVE:To establish three-dimensional finite element model of foot and lay the foundation for the finite element analysis of normal foot and foot injury.
METHODS:A healthy female volunteer was involved in this study and was detected with spiral CT scanning on the feet. The resulting image was used to reconstruct the three-dimensional model by using Mimics software. Then entity model was generated in Geomagic software. Final y three-dimensional finite element model was established based on the digital main structure in Ansys. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The established finite element digital model of human foot included al bone, cartilage and ligament, skin and soft tissue. The three-dimensional finite element model of human foot was established based on CT data and using Mimics, Geomagic, Ansys softwares. The established model had similar size and shape with skeletal mode, and can rotate freely in any angle for a variety of measurement, the foot bones can be arbitrarily split or merge, which is suitable for biomechanical analysis.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical outcomes of implant-retained overdentures.Methods:57 patients treated by implant-retained overdentures were included.Parameters for peri-implant tissue conditions (e.g.peri-implant probing depth,plaque index,bleeding on probing,mucosal hyperplasia,peri-implant marginal bone loss) and prosthetic complications were examined and recorded.The precentage of satisfaction of the patients was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS).Results:After an average follow-up of (48±11.3) months,the survival rate of the implants was 98.1%,the marginal bone loss was (1.38±0.74) mm.There was no statistically difference among the different attachment groups(bar,magnet and ball) regarding the peri-implant marginal bone loss or bleeding on probing(P>0.05).The peri-implant probing depth and plaque index in patients with magnet and ball attachments were lower than those in patients with bar attachments(P<0.05).The major complications were the upper abutment fracture,prostheses fracture and screw loosening.Most patients were satisfied with their prostheses and there was no statistically significant difference between the attachment types(P>0.05),except that magnet and ball attachments were much easier to clean compared with bar attachments(P<0.05).Conclusion:Implant-retained overdenture is a successful and satisfactory treatment option for patients with edentulous jaw.The patients should been given regular clinical examinations to keep peri-implant tissue health and reduce the complications,especially those with bar attachments.