OBJECTIVE:To systematically review the efficacy of Live combined bacillus subtilis and enterococcus faecium in the prevention and treatment of Antibiotic associated diarrhea(AAD),and provide evidence-based reference for clinical treatment. METHODS:Retrieved from CBM,CJFD and Wanfang database,randomized controlled trials (RCT)of Live combined bacillus subtilis and enterococcus faecium(test group)versus placebo(control group)in the prevention and treatment of AAD. After data ex-tract and quality evaluation,systematical evaluation was performed by using Rev Man 5.0 statistics software. RESULTS:A total of 21 RCT were included,involving 3 881 patients. According to the purpose of different purpose of druguse,the RCT were divided into prevention group and treatment group. Results of Meta-analysis showed the incidence of diarrhea in prevention test group was significantly lower than control group[OR=0.27 ,95% CI(0.22 ,0.32),P<0.001] ,the average hospitalization time in prevention test group was significantly less than control group [MD=-53.19,95%CI(-79.63,-26.75),P<0.001],and the total clinical ef-fective rate in treatment test group was significantly higher than control group[OR=6.76,95%CI(4.16,10.98),P<0.001]. CON-CLUSIONS:The efficacy of Live combined bacillus subtilis and enterococcus faecium are good in the prevention and treatment of AAD. However,due to the limit of methodological quality and sample size,it remains to be further verified with more rigorously designed and long-term follow-up of large-scale RCT.

Drugs for military special needs are important strategic materials for supporting military operational needs and maintaining national security,and are highly valued by Armed Forces in each country in the world.The U.S.military has accumulated much experience through the long-term management of drugs for military special needs.Here,The U.S.military and civilian integration management of drugs for military special needs between the U.S.DOD and FDA was analyzed in terms of research,purchase,use and storage,the secrets of success were summarized,and problems were identified.Finally,recommendations on military and civilian integration management of drugs for military special needs in China were proposed.

This article is to introduce the result of the ultrasonographic examination of the patients with portal hypertension. The portal system of 42 patients with portal hypertension was examined with B-mode ultrasound and that of 109 healthy adults was also examined as control. The diameters of the portal and splenic veins of all the cases were measured. It was found that the average diameters of the potral veins of the control and the patients were 1.11?0.17 cm and 1.65?0.28 cm respectively (t = 7.3, P

Objective To access the relation between the Doppler waveform of the hepatic venous flow and the hepatic fibrosis.Methods To construct fibrosis models,20 experimental rabbits were fed with thioacetamide as the only drinking water at the concentration of 1.2 g/L,then the Doppler waveforms of the hepatic vein were detected at the time before constructing the fibrosis model,then later the 8th week,12th week and 16th week during constructing the fibrosis models,the results were compared with the hepatic biopsy ones.Results With the process of constructing the fibrosis models,the experimental rabbits had more abnormal Doppler waveforms of the hepatic venous flow.Conclusions The changes of the Doppler waveforms of the hepatic venous flow reflect the change of hepatic parenchyma.

50 years) with occipitocervical pain.

Objective To promote in vitro tissue-plasminogen activator(t-PA)thrombolysis by using microbubbles augmented low frequency ultrasound(US) insonication.Two kinds of microbubbles,albumin-coated vs.lipid-coated were compared.Methods Human blood clot weighted 200～300 mg was made from of 0.8 ml fresh blood.Twenty kHz ultrasound,lipid and albumin-coated microbubbles were applied to separate clots groups with or without t-PA administration.The clots before and after processing were weighed and then the clot dissolution ratios were calculated.Results The simple ultrasound group and the basic t-PA group dissolved((24.72)?(4.83))% and((35.66)?(3.34))% of the clots,respectively.The clot dissolution ratio rised to((42.06)?(4.20))% when coordinated US and t-PA(P(0.05)).Conclusions The in vitro US augmentation of t-PA thrombolysis can be significantly promoted by introduction of microbubbles.But there is no significant thrombolysis difference between albumin and lipid-coated microbubbles.

Objective To study the dynamic changes of transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) on our in vitro model of brain blood barrier (BBB) made from primary culture of BALB/c mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVEC), and to explore the relation between TEER and BBB permeability, and search for the best culture condition. Methods BMVEC were isolated from BALB/c mouse and cultured on a transwell insert with special micro-pore. The cells were identified with immunohistochemical methods and electron microscope. TEER over BMVEC was measured after BBB model establishment for determining the 3H-Glucose permeability of BBB in vitro. Results BMVEC cultured in the transwell insert exhibited typical "flagstone" appearance and in a tight monolayer structure under electron microscope. Immunohistochemical detection of ZO-1 protein, a marker antigen of tight junction, showed smooth, continuous and tight junctions between confluent BMVEC. TEER over BMVEC monolayer increased to (346?10) ?/cm2 when the permeability for 3H-Glucose was decreased to the minimum. Conclusion BBB model in vitro made from primary culture of BMVEC in transwell has the basic characteristics of BBB in morphology, electrical resistance and permeability.