Objective To explore the changes of cognition and sleep status in the youngsters with internet addiction disorder (IAD), and to clarify the relation between cognition and sleep-related indicators of IAD youngsters.Methods Event related potential (ERP) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)test were used for forty-two IAD (case group)and forty non-IAD (control group) in youngsters, and the indexes of period latency (PL)of N1 ,P2 ,N2 ,P3 and amplitude of P3 (P3 amp)of ERP were analyzed,the factor scores of sleep quality (SQ), sleep latency (SL), sleep time (ST), sleep efficiency (SE), sleep dysfunction (SD), sleeping pills (SP), daytime dysfunction (DD)and total score of PSQI were analyzed. The correlation between the P3 PL, P3 amp of ERP and all the indexes of PSQI in case group was analyzed.Results The PL of N2 ,P3 of ERP in case group was significanly longer and the P3 amp was significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.01);the factor scores of the SQ,SL,ST,SE,SD,DD,and the total score of PSQI test had significant differences between two groups (P<0.01).The correlation analysis results showed that there were remarkable positive correlations between the P3 PL and the factor seores of the SQ,SL,ST,SE,SD,DD and the total score of PSQI test in case group (r=0.46,0.34,0.51,0.40,0.48,and 0.54;P<0.01),and there were remarkable negative correlations betweeb P3 amp and the indexes of PSQI test in case group (r=-0.42,-0.45,-0.49,-0.38,-0.38,and -0.50;P<0.01).Conclusion The IAD youngsters have cognition and sleep dysfunction,and the both factors can affect each other.

Objective To explore the relation between personality characteristics and event related potential P300 with internet addiction disorder(IAD) of youngsters.Methods Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and event related potential test were used for forty-two IAD and forty non-IAD in youngsters,and the results were compared between the two groups.Results The latency of N2,P3 ((267.2±24.2) ms,(374.5 ±22.0) ms) of event related potential in IAD group were significantly longer and the amplitude of P3 ((3.9± 2.5) μV) was significantly lower than those in non-IAD group((235.7±21.8) ms,(332.3±23.5) ms,(7.8±2.4) μV) (P＜0.01).And the indexes of P,N score (56.2±9.4,49.8±7.4) of Eysenck Personality Questionnaire were significant higher than those in non-IAD group(51.9±9.7,42.4±7.5)(P＜0.01),but the indexes of E,L score (45.7±9.0,44.3±7.9)of Eysenck Personality Questionnaire were significant lower than those in non-IAD group(51.2±9.4,50.9±8.3) (P＜0.01).Correlation analysis showed that there were remarkable positive correlation with latency of P300 and P,N score of Eysenck Personality Questionnaire respectively in IAD group(r=0.49,0.54,P＜0.01),and a significant negative correlation with E,L score(r=-0.43,-0.46,P＜0.01),there was a remarkable negative correlation with amplitude of P300 and P,N score of Eysenck Personality Questionnaire respectively in IAD group(r=-0.41,-0.50,P＜0.01),and a significant positive correlation with E,L score(r=0.45,0.47,P＜0.01).Conclusion IAD in youngsters has personality characteristics and cognitive dysfunction,and it has a relation with personality and event related potential P300.

Objective To evaluate the validity of stroke volume variation (SVV) for predicting fluid responsiveness in different grades of intra-abdominal pressure (IAP).Methods Forty pigs were involved in the study.Hypovolemia was made by blood withdraw of 30% of estimated blood volume from each animal via carotid artery.All the pigs were randomized into four groups namly 0 mm Hg (L0), 15 mm Hg (L15), 25 mm Hg (L25) and 35 mm Hg (L35).Nitrogen was inflated slowly till IAP to 0, 15, 25 and 35 mm Hg.Fluid loading was performed with 500 ml hydroxyethyl starch within 30 minutes.Hemodynamic parameters were evaluated by the thermodilution technique of pulse induced continuous cardiac output (PiCCO).SVV and stroke volume (SV) were measured before and after fluid loading.Results In groups L0 and L15, SVV was positive correlated with changes in SV (r=0.888, 0.942, respectively, P<0.05).In groups L25 and L35, there were poor correlations between SVV and changes in SV(r=0.068,-0.114, respectively).Conclusion When IAP was slightly increased up to 15 mm Hg, SVV remains an effectiveness index to predict fluid responsiveness index, however it failed to assess fluid responsiveness effectively when IAP is further raised up to 25 mm Hg or more.

Objective To study the effects of fluid loading during fluid resuscitation on hemodynamics and cerebral perfusion(CPP)under different levels of intra-abdominal pressure(IAP).Methods Forty swine were employed in the study.Hypovolemia was made by blood withdrawal of 30% of estimated blood volume from each animal through the carotid artery line.All swine were randomized(random number) into four groups, namely IAPL0, IAPL15, IAPL25 and IAPL35.Then N2 gas was used to inflate in the abdomen slowly for elevating the IAP to 0,15, 25 and 35 mmHg.Fluid loading were performed with 500 mL hydroxyethyl starch within 30 minutes.Hemodynamic variables were evaluated by PiCCO.Heart rate (HR),mean arterial pressure(MAP), central venous pressure(CVP), cardiac output(CO), global end-diastolic volume index(GEDVI) and stroke volume index(SVI)were measured 30 minutes before fluid loading and 30 minutes after fluid loading.After placement of intracranial pressure optical fiber probe in the ventricle connected to intracranial pressure monitor for continuous monitoring of ICP changes, cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) could be calculated.Results (1)HR decrease, MAP increased, SVI, CI and GEDVI significantly increased after fluid loading in all four groups (IAPL0,IAPL15,IAPL25 and IAPL35)(P<0.05),and there were not significant changes in CVP and EVLWI(P>0.05).SVRI decreased significantly in group IAPL15,IAPL25 and IAPL35 respectively(P<0.05).(2) ICP increased significantly in group IAPL15, IAPL25 and IAPL35(P<0.05), and CPP increased significantly in group IAPL25 and IAPL35(P<0.05) while CPP only slightly increased in group IAPL15(P>0.05).Conclusion When combined with intra-abdominal hypertension,fluid loading could improve the circulation of swine due to increase in CO and improve CPP.

Allergic rhinitis （AR）， a common disease in otolaryngology， is intractable with prolonged attack and greatly affects the daily life of patients. Western medicine adopts many therapeutic protocols， such as medication， immunotherapy， and surgery， and also shows disadvantages， including severe side effects and poor long-term curative effect. As reported by modern research， Chinese medicine has the characteristics of good safety， stable curative effect， multi-target and overall regulation， and has unique advantages in the prevention and treatment of AR. With the increasing clinical practice of Chinese medicine in the treatment of AR， scholars have carried out substantial basic research on the regulation of AR signaling pathways by monomers and Chinese medicinal compounds from molecule-cell-biology. To further explain the transduction mechanism of AR signaling pathways， this paper systematically summarized the research progress based on the studies of monomers and Chinese medicinal compounds to provide references for the in-depth research on the intervention of related signaling pathways by Chinese medicine. The conclusions were drawn as follows. The main signaling pathways involved included nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-κB） signaling pathway， TLR signaling pathway， interleukin （IL）-33/growth stimulation expressed gene 2 （ST2） signaling pathway， phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B （PI3K/Akt） pathway， and mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） pathway. As revealed， the signaling pathways involved in the treatment of AR by Chinese medicine interacted with each other and genes were not independent in exerting the effects. For example， TLR， as the upstream signal， affected the PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways， and NF-κB was the downstream substrate of PI3K/Akt， TLR， IL-33/ST2， and MAPK signaling pathways. It was found that IL-33/ST2， as a new signaling pathway， was correlated with the severity and prognosis of AR.

Objective:To investigate and analyze the current situation, screening, clinical characteristics, prevention and treatment of bleeding esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension in Tibet region.Methods:Clinical data of cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension through March 2017 to February 2020 from Tibet region were collected and analyzed retrospectively.Results:511 cases with liver cirrhosis were included in the study, of which 185 cases (36.20%) had compensated cirrhosis and 326 cases (63.80%) had decompensated cirrhosis. Further analysis of the etiological data of liver cirrhosis showed that 306 cases (59.88%) were of chronic hepatitis B, 113 cases (22.11%) of alcoholic liver disease, and 68 cases (13.31%) of chronic hepatitis B combined with alcoholic liver disease. Among patients with compensated liver cirrhosis, 48 cases (25.95%) underwent endoscopic examination of which 33 diagnosed as high-risk variceal bleeding. However, none of these 33 cases had received non-selective β-blocker therapy, and only four patients had received endoscopic variceal banding therapy. Among patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis, 83 cases (25.46%) had a history of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, 297 cases (91.10%) had ascites, 23 cases (7.05%) had hepatic encephalopathy, and 3 cases (0.92%) had hepatorenal syndrome. Among the patients with a history of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, 42 cases (50.60%) had received secondary preventive treatment for bleeding esophageal varices, including 39 cases of endoscopic treatment, 1 case of endoscopic combined drug treatment, 3 cases of interventional treatment, and 2 cases of surgical treatment.Conclusion:Chronic hepatitis B and alcoholic liver diseases are the main causes of liver cirrhosis in Tibet region. Moreover, this region lacks screening, prevention and treatment for bleeding esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the screening of high-risk groups to prevent and improve the first-time bleeding, and promote multidisciplinary team to prevent and treat re-bleeding.