Objective:To explore the risk factors affecting the incidence of acute kidney injury(AKI)after liver transplantation(LT).Methods:From November 2019 to November 2022, clinical data were retrospectively reviewed for 105 recipients of classic orthotopic LT.There are 89 males and 16 females with an age range of(50.52±10.35)years.They are assigned into two groups of AKI(66 cases)and non-AKI(39 cases)according to the AKI diagnostic and staging criteria of Global Kidney Disease Prognosis Organization in 2012.General profiles and clinical data(e.g.previous medical history, MELD score, total bilirubin, albumin, serum creatinine level, coagulation function, anhepatic phase and time to surgery)of two groups of recipients are compared.The factors with statistically significant differences are included into multivariate Logistic regression analysis for obtaining independent risk factors for early AKI post-LT.Results:Among them, 66 patients developed AKI within 7 days post-operation with an incidence rate of 62.86%(66/105).The clinical stages of AKI are Ⅰ(46 cases, 69.70%), Ⅱ(10 cases, 15.15%)and Ⅲ(10 cases, 15.15%).Statistically significant inter-group differences exists in age, abdominal surgery history, preoperative serum level of creatinine, operative duration, anhepatic phase and intraoperative plasma transfusion(all P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that abdominal surgery history( OR=5.803, 95% CI: 1.008~33.401, P=0.049), anhepatic phase( OR=1.054, 95% CI: 1.008~1.101, P=0.020)and preoperative serum level of creatinine( OR=0.968, 95% CI: 0.943~0.994, P=0.016)are independent risk factors for early AKI after classical orthotopic LT recipients. Conclusions:Abdominal surgery history, anhepatic phase, and preoperative serum level of creatinine are independent risk factors for early AKI in classic orthotopic LT recipients.

Organ transplantation is the most effective treatment for various types of end-stage diseases. To resolve the problem of donor shortage in organ transplantation, the possibility of xenotransplantation has been gradually explored by surgeons. Pig is one of the common donor sources for xenotransplantation. As a bridge between two species, the viruses carried by pig organs may be transmitted between species and cause the risk of zoonosis. Porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) is integrated into the genome, which is a category of retrovirus featuring cross-species transmission. In this article, the influencing factors of transmission characteristics of PERV, the transmission risk of PERV and its recombinant virus, and the detection and transmission risk assessment of PERV in xenotransplantation test were reviewed, aiming to provide reference for alleviating severe shortage of donor organs and driving the advancement of xenotransplantation technologies.

Lactic acid bacteria and cellulose degrading bacteria play an important role in fermentation process of silage, because they can prevent the rancidity and increase the nutritive value of silage. But the propagation of lactic acid bacteria will inhibit the activity of cellulose degrading bacteria in the silage fermentation system. This problem can be solved by releasing lactic acid bacteria and cellulose degrading bacteria in different time. Therefore, we immobilized lactic acid bacteria as a microbial agent for sustained release. Firstly, the optimal balling concentration of the composite immobilized carrier and composite immobilized carrier were obtained by immobilization of blank balls and corncob adsorbed Lactobacillus plantarum S1 respectively. The best immobilization condition of L. plantarum S1 was obtained by comparing the immobilized rate and balling effect of two kinds of balls, which were embedded by sodium alginate (SA), CMC-Na and embedded-crosslinked by SA, CMC-Na, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The results showed that the best balling concentration was achieved by using 6% PVA+0.4% SA+0.3% CMC-Na for embedding-crosslinking and 1.2% SA+0.5% CMC-Na for direct embedding respectively. In addition, comparing with the mechanical strength and embedding rate of five kinds of immobilization process, the best immobilized process was obtained by adding of the mixture of immobilized carriers (1.2%SA+ 0.5%CMC-Na) and corncob adsorbed L. plantarum S1 slowly into 4% CaCl₂ for 24 hours. The corncob adsorption and SA embedding methodology can effectively increase the embedding efficiency of Lactobacillus plantarum S1.