Cardiac relaxation is impaired in many cardiac disorders and is the subject of extensive investigation. Though measurement of isovolumic relaxation time ought to prove a simple means of quantifying such abnormalities in clinical practice, the problem of defining the timing of mitral valve opening at the onset of ventricular filling has been a difficulty. previous studies have used the 'O' point of the apexcardiogram, but more recently it has been shown that this may be open to considerable error. It was the purpose of the present study to determine the duration of true isovolumic relaxation and the factors influencing its duration, and to evaluate its use as a simple noninvasive measurement of cardiac dynamics in terms of the present approach. True isovolumic relaxation time (IRT) was measured noninvasively from the onset of the aortic component of the second heart sound to the onset of rapid opening of the mitral leaflets from simultaneous recording of echocardiogram, phonocardiogram, electrocardiogram and carotid tracing in 60 normal subjects, 30 male and 30 female and in 50 with hypertension, 28 male and 22 female ranging in age from 20 to 45 years. 1. The duration of IRT was 53.6+/-9.9 msec in normal subjects with no relation to sex. 2. IRT was related to heart rate, systemic blood pressure, and systolic and diastolic time intervals. 1) IRT tended to decrease with increasing heart rate and a regression equation for predicting it in relation to heart rate was 'IRT(msec)=88.97-0.466xH.R.(beats/min)' (P<0.01). 2) IRT tended to increase with increasing systemic blood pressure and a regression equation for predicting it in relation to aortic closing pressure was 'IRT(msec)=5.09+0.459xaortic closing pressure(mmHg)' (P<0.01). IRT was prolonged in patient with hypertension. 3) IRT was in close relation to left ventricular contraction indices such as preejection period(PEP), isovolumic contraction time and preejection period/left ventricular ejection time ratio. 4) There was no relation between IRT and left ventricular pump performance indices such as stroke volume, ejection fraction, fractional shortening and left ventricular dimension. 5) There was strong association between IRT and diastolic time intervals. Authors were impressed through this study that IRT is a useful measurement of left ventricular dynamics in early diastole.
Blood Pressure ; Diastole ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Heart Rate ; Heart Sounds ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Male ; Mitral Valve ; Relaxation* ; Stroke Volume

In infections of the urinary tract resulting from bacterial invasions, pus cells are most commonly present in those urine, and bacteria and pus casts may also exist. Campbell considers that there are five pus cells per high power field are within normal limits in the uncentrifuged catheterized urine. On the other hand Helmholz says two to eight pus cells may exist in a normal specimen. It is of no moment if the leukocytes are single or clumped: The important thing is to demonstrate the polymorphic or pawnbroker's nucleus in the pus cells, and desquamated epithelial cells or other urinary debris should not be considered as pus cells. Alto most accurate counting of those should be made with a counting chamber in high power field. It is called bacteria urine if any kind of bacteria exists in the urine with or without leukocytes, and both bacteria urine and pyuria are most significant clinical signs for the diagnosis of urinary infection. According to Lancet (1964) when 100, 000 or more organisms are presentper milliliter of urine, true infection. are actually present and therefore one might assume if there were less than 100,000 organisms per milliliter that thereare no infections, but no one has yet defined what is the normal upper level of white cells in the urine of Korean people. The purpose of this paper is to study what is the normal upper level of white cells and bacteria in the urine of Koreanpeople. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty patients with urinary tract symptoms were assessed. Forty of the subjects were women. A selected control group of twenty adults was composed of twelve female and eight male, none of whom bad ever had urinary infection. Urine specimens were obtained by midstream collection comparing with catheterization. White cell count of the urine was estimated by Thomas white cell counting chamber, while those specimens were not centrifuged, and bacteria count was performed by a standard drop plate method. Steroid provocation test wee based on the procedure described by Pears and Houghton, and 50 mg of prednisolone was given by mouth. RESULTS: 1. In the collection of urine specimens, the midstream collection was more convenient and harmless compared with the results of catheterization. 2. When there were less than five cells per c.mm. there was no evidence of urinary tract infection on those specimens. When there were more than 10 cells per c. mm. there were true infections in those subjects. 3. When there were more than 100, 000 organisms per milliliter there were true infections in those subjects. There were less than 100, 000 organisms per milliliter even in the control group. 4. In steroid provocation test, there were carried out in 20 controls and in 60 patients, the positive test was a rise in white cell count or bacteria count together of at least 100 percent in those 60 patients, but no response in those 20 control group.
Adult ; Bacteria* ; Catheterization ; Catheters ; Cell Count ; Diagnosis ; Epithelial Cells ; Female ; Hand ; Humans ; Leukocytes ; Male ; Mouth ; Prednisolone ; Pyrus ; Pyuria ; Suppuration ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*

New born rat heart cells were dissociated using trypsin and/or collagenase to elucidate the dissociation efficiency of these two enzymes. And the effect of dimethyl sulfoxide during and immediately after cell dissociation was also investigated to clarify the so-called protective activity of dimethyl sulfoxide on cell performance. The results can be summarized as follows. 1. Cold trypsin 18 hours pretreatment followed by warm collagenase treatment resulted best cell viability and cell yield. 2. Single warm trypsin treatment gave the poorest result. 3. Dimethyl sulfoxide did not seem to play any protective role during or immediately after rat heart cell dissociation. It had very damaging effect on rat heart cells.
Animals ; Cell Survival ; Collagenases* ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide* ; Heart* ; Rats* ; Trypsin*

We evaluate the effects of diltiazem in 19 patients with ischemic heart disease (15 patients) of classical anginal pectoris & 4 patients of variant angina) by means of clinical status & electrocardiographic changes and obtain the results as follows: 1. The pulse rate & blood pressure were decreased by diltiazem slightly but these decreases were not significant in statistical meaning. 2. Diltiazem administration of 4 weeks duration normalized EKG completely in 4 patients & partially in 3 patients among the 13 patients who showed abnormal resting EKG initially. 3. All 19 patients who received diltiazem showed clinical improvement; 9 patients had excellent responses, 7 patients good responses & 3 patients fair responses. 4. Diltiazem had side effects in 3 patients, drowsiness, mild euphoria & possibly tolerance respectively in each patients.
Angina Pectoris* ; Blood Pressure ; Diltiazem ; Electrocardiography ; Euphoria ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Sleep Stages

The clinical spectruni of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita(EBA) is much broader than originally thought. Although the full extent of the clinical presenation is still being defined, it is now known that EBA include the followings: a non-inflammatory mechanobullous condition equating wit,h classical EBA; an inflammatory vesiculosullous eruption mimicking bullous pernphigoid; and a mucosal-centered disease with sarring similar to cicatricial pemphigoid. Among the nine cases of EBA, aged between 34 to 70 year-old, seen in recent years, three patients had mechanobullous lesions with skin fragilities and scarrings; three patients had inflammatory bullous eruptions, and three other patient had combined features of mechanobullous/inflammatory bullous lesions. Mucous membrane lesions were recognized in sex cases, and the rnos! frequent site of involvement was the oral mucosae. According to observations of these patients episodes of inflammatory bullous eruptions appeared to be present in seven cases and have been considered as early sympoms of the disease. It has been noted, however, that in two cases lesions develop d as an non-inflammatory mechanobullous from thonset. Based on the ability of EBA to mimick bullous pemphigoid or cicatricial pernphogoid and the fact that such cases have perhaps been missed, we feel EBA is more common than past literature has suggested.
Aged ; Blister ; Cicatrix ; Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita* ; Epidermolysis Bullosa* ; Humans ; Mouth Mucosa ; Mucous Membrane ; Pemphigoid, Benign Mucous Membrane ; Pemphigoid, Bullous ; Skin

No abstract available.
HIV* ; Humans*

No abstract available.
Femoral Neck Fractures* ; Femur Neck* ; Femur* ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary*

Glomus tumor is a painful small subcutaneous mass as described by William Wood in 1812. Although seen infrequently and difficult to diagnose, the tumor has been interest to the profession for many years. The normal glomus is an end-organ apparatus which is a remarkable arteriovenous anastomosis functioning without an intermediary capillary bed. Distributed widely over the surface of the body in the deepest layer of the corium or in the stratum reticuiare of the skin, it is most abundant at the distal ends of the extremities. The main function of the glomus body is to aid in the regulation of the skin circulation and, therefore, the peripheral blood pressure and temperature. Glomus tumor represents a hypertrophy of the normal glomus. The gross appearance is that of small soft encapsulated tumor, pink or purple in color, almost always less than one centimeter in diameter if it is located subungually. The microscopic appearance of the tumor closely resembles that of normal glomus, the principal difference being a marked increase in the number of glomal cells (epithelioid cells) and nonmyelinated nerves. Glomus tumor may occur at any age but is most frequent in the middle age of life. Pain, tenderness and temperature sensitivity are the classic triad of symptoms. Complete surgical excision is the treatment of choice for the glomus tumors. Successful removal of the tumor leads to complete relief of pain and return to normal function. This paper is aimed to report on our experience with 3 cases of subungual glomus tumor which were successfully treated by complete excision and to review the literature.
Arteriovenous Anastomosis ; Blood Pressure ; Capillaries ; Dermis ; Extremities ; Glomus Tumor ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Middle Aged ; Skin ; Wood

No abstract available.
Urachus*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial*