PURPOSE: A study was done to assess the incidence, clinical characteristics of urinary tract anomalies for decreasing urinary tract morbidity. METHODS: We review 98 cases of anomaly of urinary tract who were admitted Kyung Hee University Hospital between 1986 and 1995. We analyzed incidence and associated anomalies, associated diseases and treatment modalities. RESULTS: 1) It was composed of 45 cases (45%) of renal anomalies, 37 cases (37.7%) of ureteral anomalies, 7 cases (7.1%) of urethral anomalies, 3 cases Prune-belly syndrome, 3 cases of urachal remnants, 2 cases of bladder exstrophy, 1 cases of VATER syndrome. 2) Anomalies of the kidney were composed of 14 cases of renal agenesis, 11 cases of multicystic dysplastic kidney, 10 cases of hydronephrosis 3 cases of hypoplasia, 3 cases of polycystic kidney, 2 cases of ectopia, 1 case of malrotation and 1 case of horseshoe kidney, 20 cases (44.4%) were diagnosed before 1 month of life. 20 cases were male and 25 casses were female. Bilateral involvement were in 7 cases and 38 cases of unilateral involvement were composed of 23 cases of right side and 15 cases of left side. Operative treatment were performed in 15 cases (30%) of renal anomalies. The common chief complaint of renal anomalies were abnormal finding on urinalysis (24.4%), abnormal finding on fetal ultrasonogram (20%), gastrointestinal tract symptom (15.6%), and fever (9%). 3) Anomalies of the ureter were composed of 26 cases of ureteral duplication, 9 cases of UPJ obstruction, 2 cases of megaureter. Ureteric duplications included 8 cases of male and 18 cases of female and 19 cases were unilateral and 7 cases were bilateral. 19 cases were diagnosed before 5 years old. 19 cases (73.1%) had symptoms associated with urinary tract infection. 11 cases had abnormal finding of ipsilateral kidney on DMSA scan or IVP. Associated abnormalities were hydronephrosis, ureterocele and VUR. UPJ obstruction were mostly diagnosed before 1 month of life, 6 cases were male and 3 cases were female. 2 cases were bilateral and 3 cases were right side involvement and 4 cases were left side. CONCLUSIONS: It seems to be reasonable that we should recommend the patients with the symptoms of urinary tract diseases to do evaluate the possibility of congenital urinary tract anomalies.
Bladder Exstrophy ; Child* ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Fever ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Incidence ; Kidney ; Male ; Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney ; Polycystic Kidney Diseases ; Prune Belly Syndrome ; Succimer ; Ultrasonography ; Ureter ; Ureterocele ; Urinalysis ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Urinary Tract* ; Urologic Diseases

Extramammary Pagets disease(EMPD) of the vulva is an uncommon neoplasm which accounting for 2.5% of all vulvar malignancies and 0.02% of all female cancer. Several hundred cases have been reported worldwide since the first description by sir James Paget in 1874, It generally affects postrnenopausal age poup and presents high rate of recurrence but the precise incidence remines unclear, Although Paget's disease of the breast and the vulva are histologically similar, their histogenesis and biological behavior are considered to be significantly different and EMPD has gcnerally perceived rnore benign compared to that of the breast. Four histologic forms of vulvar EMPD have been recognized and treated vulvar EMPD in according to the 4 histologic classification. The high rate of recurtence disease remains a challenge for optimal management. Recently we experienced a case of Paget's disease of the vulva, diagnosed as an intraepithelial Pagets disease preoperatively and underwent radical vulvectomy and superiomedial thigh(SMT) flap, and present with a brief review of literature.
Breast ; Classification ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Paget's Disease, Mammary ; Recurrence ; Vulva*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the CT and US features of the colonic villous tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the CT findings of 11 cases with histologically proved colonic villous tumor. CT parameters evaluated were morphological appearances and enhancing pattern (size, shape, margin, presence or absence of fronds, bowel wall thickening). CT features of six cases with malignant change were compared with five tumors without malignant change. US features available in 10 patients were also analyzed. RESULTS: On CT, thetumors showed irregular margin(n=9), presence of fronds(n=6), lobulated shape(n=11), with pericolonic invasion(n=1). Six cases with malignant change were larger(mean, 6.8cm in diameter) than those without malignant change(mean, 3.3 cm). US features in 10 cases were intraluminal mass(n=5), colonic wall thickening(n=5), with variable echogenicity. CONCLUSIONS: Colonic villous tumor appeared as a nonspecific mass on CT and US with adifficulty in distinguishing from colon carcinoma.
Colon* ; Humans

PURPOSE: To evaluate the epidemiological findings of idiopathic scoliosis in eleven years olds. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 18,521 adolescents who were eleven years old were screened for scoliosis. There were 10,204 boys and 8,317 girls. The adolescents who had an abnormal moire topography were assessed subsequently using standardized clinical and radiological examinations. The scoliotic curve was defined as a curve of 10 or more. RESULTS: The prevalence of scoliosis was 0.31 per cent (57 of 18,521 adolescents), and most of the curves (42; prevalence, 0.23 per cent) were small (10 to 19 degrees). The ratio of boys to girls was 1:4.7 overall. Thoracolumbar curves were the most common type of curve identified, followed by thoracic and lumbar curves. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of idiopathic scoliosis in eleven year olds was 0.31 per cent. The size and pattern of idiopathic scoliosis were similar with those in the adolescents twelve years and older reported in the literature.
Adolescent ; Cross-Sectional Studies* ; Female ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Moire Topography ; Prevalence* ; Scoliosis*

No abstract available.
Nephrotic Syndrome*

STUDY DESIGN: A case report. OBJECTIVES: To report and discuss an extremely uncommon cause of lumbar plexopathy seat belt injury. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: For patients who undergo traffic accidents, most cases of seat belt injury cause trauma to the lower torso. Seat belt injury is associated with variable clinical problems such as vascular injury, intestinal injury (perforation), vertebral injury (flexion-distraction injury), chest wall injury, diaphragmatic rupture/hernia, bladder rupture, lumbosacral plexopathy, and other related conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 38-year-old male truck driver (traffic accident victim) who suffered monoplegia of his right leg due to lumbar plexus injury without spinal column involvement. Injury to a lumbar plexus and the internal vasculatures originated from direct compression to internal abdominal organs (the iliopsoas muscle and internal vasculatures anterior to the lumbar vertebrae) caused by the seat belt. We have illustrated an extremely uncommon cause of a neurologic deficit from a traffic accident through this case. RESULTS: Under the impression of traumatic lumbar plexopathy, we managed it conservatively, and the patient showed signs of recovery from neurologic deficit. CONCLUSIONS: We need to review the lumbar plexus pathway, in patients with atypical motor weakness and sensory loss of the lower extremities which are not unaccompanied by demonstrable spinal lesions. Therefore, close history taking, physical examination and comprehension of injury mechanism are important in the diagnosis.
Accidents, Traffic ; Adult ; Comprehension ; Diagnosis ; Hemiplegia ; Humans ; Leg ; Lower Extremity ; Lumbosacral Plexus ; Male ; Motor Vehicles ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Physical Examination ; Rupture ; Seat Belts* ; Spine ; Thoracic Wall ; Torso ; Urinary Bladder ; Vascular System Injuries

BACKGROUND: Left ventricular dysfuction is common in immediate postoperative periods after surgical correction of heart diseases with chronic left ventricular volume overload. We speculated postoperative changes of left ventricular volume and unction in patients with patent ductus osus(PDA) who had underwent surgical repair at ages older than 16 years. Factors influencing postoperative left ventricular volume and function were also analyzed. MATERIAL AND METHOD: From August 1989 to August 1999 thirty-siz adult patients with PDA 28 females and 8 males. were enrolled in this study. Their age ranged from 16 years to 57 years(mean :32 years). Types of surgical repair were division with primary closure in 22, division with patch closure in 6, internal obliteration using cardiopulmonary bypass in 4 and ligation in 4. Aortic clamping was combined during surgical repair in 22(61%) and cardiopulmonary bypass was used in 8(22%) Two-dimensional echocardiography studies were performed in 34(94%) preoperatively and in 25(66%) immediate postoperatively to assess postoperative changes of left ventricular internal dimensions. left ventricular volume and ejection fraction. Duration of postoperative follow-up ranged from 1 month to 99 months (mean:22 months) and 10 patients underwent 16 echocardiographic evaluation during this period. RESULT: Preoperative and postoperative left ventricular systolic dimensions(LVIDs) were 42+/-8.0mm and 42+/-8.3mm left ventricular diastolic dimensions(LVIDd) were 64+/-10.0mm and 56+/-7.4mm left ventricular end systolic volumes(LVESV) were 62+/-19cc (z=1.87+/-0.06) and 59+/-24cc(z=1.78+/-0.08) left ventricular end diastolic volumes(LVEDL) were 169+/-40cc(z-1.17+/-0.1) and 112+/-29cc(z=0.85+/-0.1) and ejection fractions(EF) were 66+/-6.7% and 48+/-12.6% respectively. There were statistically significant differences between preoperative and postoperative values in LVDIDd(p=0.001) LVEDV(p=0.001) and EF(p=0.0001) while no significant difference is LVIDs and LVESV. Postoperative depression of ejcection fraction was significantly related with z-score of preoperative LVESV and LVEDV by univariateanalysis while LVEDV only was significant risk factor for postoperative LV dysfunction by multiple regressioin analysis (deltaLVEF=-13.3-4.62xLVEDV(z), p=0.001) During the follow-up periods ejection fractions become normalized in all except one patients. CONCLUSION: Left ventricular function is usually deteriorated after the surgical correction of PDA in adult age and preoperative LVEDV is a major determinant of postoperative LV function.
Adult* ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Constriction ; Depression ; Echocardiography ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Ligation ; Male ; Postoperative Period ; Risk Factors ; Ventricular Function, Left

PURPOSE: To analyze prognostic factors for the treatment of periprosthetic femoral fractures (PFFs) using the cable-plate construct. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of a consecutive series of 41 PFFs treated by osteosynthesis using the cable-plate system. The mean age of patients was 67.3±12.1 years (range, 42-86 years) and the mean follow-up period was 31.5±11.6 months (range, 12–58 months). Fresh frozen cortical strut allografts were leveraged in three cases for additional stability. Prognostic factors that may potentially affect clinical outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: At the time of final follow-up, fracture union was obtained in 29 hips (70.7%; Group I) after an average of 13.5 weeks (range, 12–24 weeks). Healing failure after surgical treatment was observed in 12 cases (29.3%; Group II), including delayed union (n=10) cases and nonunion (n=2). Factors significantly associated with fracture union included fracture pattern (P=0.040), plate overlap percentage to stem length (P<0.001) and T-score at the preoperative bone mineral density (P=0.011). Transverse-type fractures around or just distal to a well-fixed femoral stem were observed in six cases (50.0%) of Group II. CONCLUSION: The cable-plate osteosynthesis of PFFs should be performed with caution in transverse-type fractures or in cases with severe osteoporosis. Fixation with sufficient plate overlap to stem length may be critical to prevent healing failure.
Allografts ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Bone Density ; Femoral Fractures ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip ; Humans ; Osteoporosis ; Periprosthetic Fractures ; Retrospective Studies

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the frequency of BRCA testing and related factors among young breast cancer patients (age < 40 years) in South Korea. Materials and Methods: We conducted a nationwide retrospective cohort study using data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment claims. Newly diagnosed breast cancer patients younger than 40 were included. Annual BRCA testing ratios (number of BRCA test recipients/the number of patients undergoing breast cancer surgery in each year) were analyzed by region and health care delivery system. We investigated the location of breast cancer diagnosis and BRCA testing. Results: From January 2010 to December 2020, there were 25,665 newly diagnosed young breast cancer patients, of whom 12,186 (47.5%) underwent BRCA testing. The BRCA testing ratios increased gradually from 0.084 (154/1,842) in 2010 to 0.961 (1,975/2,055) in 2020. Medical aid (vs. health insurance) and undergoing surgery in metropolitan cities or others (vs. Seoul), general hospitals, and clinics (vs. tertiary hospitals) were associated with a lower likelihood of BRCA testing. While 97.8% of the patients diagnosed in Seoul underwent BRCA testing in Seoul, 22.9% and 29.2% of patients who were diagnosed in metropolitan areas and other regions moved to Seoul and underwent BRCA testing, respectively. Conclusion The frequency of BRCA testing has increased over time in South Korea, with Seoul showing a particularly high rate of testing. About one-quarter of patients diagnosed with breast cancer outside of Seoul moved to Seoul and underwent BRCA testing.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In the era of stents, lesion length remains an important predictor of restenosis. Drug-eluting stents (DESs) have significantly reduced in-stent restenosis (ISR), but results in long lesions are still lacking. Therefore, we investigated the impact of DESs on clinical outcomes in patients with diffuse coronary lesions. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Between January 2004 and January 2005, 80 patients (94 lesions) with lesions >20 mm in length were treated with one or more DESs and underwent follow-up coronary angiography. The patients were divided into three groups: Group 1 was composed of those with lesions 21 to 35 mm in length, Group 2 was composed of those with lesions 36 to 50 mm in length, and Group 3 was composed of those with lesions > or =51 mm in length. RESULTS: The mean clinical follow-up duration was 9 months. On the 6-month follow-up angiogram, 6.4% of the lesions had binary ISR (5.0% in group 1, 8.7% in group 2, and 9.1% in group 3). The percent diameter stenosis was 6.0+/-18.15% in Group 1, 12.61+/-21.99% in Group 2, and 19.81+/-31.26% in Group 3(p< 0.05). Late lumen loss was 0.17+/-0.50 mm in Group 1, 0.39+/-0.66 mm in Group 2, and 0.59+/-0.93 mm in Group 3 (p<0.05). Lesion length was associated with an increase in percent diameter stenosis and late lumen loss (of 6.9% and 0.21 mm per 15 mm). CONCLUSION: DES implantation is considered safe and effective in the treatment of diffuse lesions. However, lesion length may be associated with an increase in percent diameter stenosis and late lumen loss at 6-month follow-up.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Restenosis ; Coronary Stenosis ; Drug-Eluting Stents ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Stents