It is generally accepted that erythropoiesis is controlled by the erythropoietic stimulating factor (erythropoietin) which is believed being produced in the kidney. Among the various causes. hypoxia is one of the most potent one for the stimulation of erythropoietin production in the kidney. This experiment was planned to determine the efficiency of the erythropoietin in the hydronephrotic kidney and the intact or disturbed liver function. Materials and Methods: The mongrel dogs weighing between 10 and 13 kg were used. Group A: A1: hydronephrosis due to bilateral ureteral ligation. A2: hydronephrosis due to bilateral ureteral ligation and testosterone injection. A3: hydronephrosis due to bilateral ureteral ligation and CCI4 intoxication. Group B: B1' bilateral nephrectomy. B2: bilateral nephrectomy and CCI4 intoxication. To observe the chemical constituents and erythropoietic activity blood sample were collected on 2, 4, 6. 8. 10th day after operation in the A group and 1, 2, 3. 4th day after operation in the B group. Chemical constituents were BUN, creatinine and electrolytes. Erythropoietic activity was determined by the incorporation of 59Fe into the red cells of mouse (DeGowin method). The results of the experiments were summarized as follows: 1. The hydronephrosis due to bilateral ureteral ligation induced increase of erythropoietic activities. 2. When testosterone was given in the group of the hydronephrosis due to bilateral ureteral ligation, erythropoietic activity was increased more than in the group of the hydronephrosis only. 3. The most prominent elevation of erythropoietic activities among any other group was confirmed when liver function was disturbed by CCl4 intoxication in the hydronephrotic animals. This marked elevation seemed to be due to the disturbance of the liver function which inactivated or destroyed erythropoietin. 4. Erythropoietin activity was decreased in the group of bilateral nephrectomy. 5. Erythropoietin activity was much less in the bilateral nephrectcmized group when liver was damaged by CCI. injection. The erythropoietic stimulation was ineffective in the nephrectomized animals. 6. Testosterone injection decreased the BUN and creatinine level in the uremic animals due to nephrectomy. 7. Pathological findings revealed mild hydronephrotic changes in the group of ureteral ligation by. testosterone injection, and mild degree of necrosis and severe fibrosis in the interstitial tissue of the kidney, and fatty changes and focal central necrosis of the liver due to CCl4 injection.
Animals ; Anoxia ; Creatinine ; Dogs ; Electrolytes ; Erythropoiesis ; Erythropoietin* ; Fibrosis ; Hydronephrosis ; Kidney ; Ligation* ; Liver ; Mice ; Necrosis ; Nephrectomy* ; Testosterone ; Ureter*

We wish to report 8 cages of calyceal diverticula which were diagnosed tentatively among cases of I.V.P. during the period from January 1965 to December 1971 at St. Mary's Hospital. There were 5 male and 3 female patients. The right kidney was involved in all patients The upper calyx was involved in 6 patients and the middle calyx in 2 patients. Lumbar or abdominal pain was present in 5 patients. 1 of the 8 patients had undergone appendectomy with removal of a norma1 appendix prior to diagnosis.Pyuria were found in 3 patients and one patient had single stone within the diverticulum.
Abdominal Pain ; Appendectomy ; Appendix ; Diverticulum* ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; Male

It has been well established that the kidney is the main organ producing erythropoietin (E.S.F.). Erythropoietin activity was reported to be increased in cases of renal tumor. cyst, polycystic disease and hydronephrosis. To study erythropoietic activity in hydronephrosis and renal cell carcinoma, erythropoietin bioassay by DeGowin method were performed in 7cases of hydronephrosis and renal cell carcinoma. Erythropoietin activity is significantly increased in renal cell carcinoma but not significantly increasedin hydronephrosis.
Biological Assay* ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Erythropoietin* ; Hydronephrosis* ; Kidney

Reflex ileus in acute abdominal disease were produced frequently due to cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, abscess in pelvic, appendiceal and diaphragmatic etc. But we found that a functional type of paralytic ileus due to ureteral stonetr renal stone was commonly seen on the plain roentgenogram. In these functional type of reflex ileus due to urinary stone, distension of the small intestine withgas may interfere with an accurate detection of the stone. It may lead to confusion in detecting ureteral stone and obstructive ileus. In this report, we analyzed how many cases would show a functional type of reflex ileus in urinary stone cases. 1. In 200 cases of urinary stone, reflex ileus with urinary stone were produced in 49 cases(21. 5%) 2. Many cases of ureteral stone were found on lower third of the ureter. (99 cases) 28 reflex ileus cases in 99 cases were produced (29.2%) 3. In reflex ileus due to urinary stone, we classified them by sex, age, location and stone size. The stone was often masked by nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention and reflex ileus on plain roentgenogram. So it is necessary to perform a complete urological study to detect urinary stone.
Abscess ; Cholecystitis ; Cholelithiasis ; Ileus* ; Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction ; Intestine, Small ; Masks ; Nausea ; Reflex* ; Ureter ; Urinary Calculi* ; Urolithiasis ; Vomiting

We studied the activity of adenosine deaminase in the urine of 38 patients who were divided into four groups :Urinary tract tuberculosis without ureteral obstruction(Group I ), Urinary tract tuberculosis with ureteral obstruction (Group II ), Urinary tract infection ( Group III ) and control subjects (Group IV). In patients with urinary tract tuberculosis with ureteral obstruction the adenosine deaminase activity in aspirated renal urine was significantly higher than for the rest of the groups (p<0.001). Adenosine deaminase activity in renal aspirated urine has proved to be a simple and reliable diagnostic method for urinary tract tuberculosis with ureteral obstruction.
Adenosine Deaminase* ; Adenosine* ; Humans ; Tuberculosis* ; Ureter ; Ureteral Obstruction ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Urinary Tract*

Three cases of bladder neck contracture with vesico-ureteral reflux are reported. 2 young patients with symptoms of obstruction had severe bilateral hydronephrosis with vesico-ureteral reflux due to bladder neck contracture. One patient had underwent vesico-ureteroplasty with the procedure of Politano-Leadbetter technique and the another with paquin's technique. The third child had complained persistent pyelonephritis without vesicoureteral reflux. Following ureteral dilatation, the fever lysed within 2 weeks and no residual urine was noted.
Child ; Contracture* ; Dilatation ; Fever ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Neck* ; Pyelonephritis ; Ureter ; Urinary Bladder* ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux

Forty five gonococcal patients were treated with spectinomycin hydrochloride at the Department of Urology, St. Mary's Hospital from August 1. 1972 to December 32. 1972. All patients were male and confirmed as acute gonorrheal urethritis by gram stained smear or culture. The cure ability in this series was very satisfactory The results were as follows; 1. Gram negative ;intracellular diplococci was controlled in 29 patients (96.7%) among 3O patients with pure gonococcal infection with a single injection of spectinomycin hydrochloride. 2. Gram negative intracellular diplococci was controlled in 14 patients (93.3%) among 15 patient with mixed infection with a single injection of spectinomycin hydrochloride. 3. Only two in all patients were controlled in gram negative intracellular diplococci with repeat injection. 4. 4 patients (13.3%) of the pure gonoccoccal patients with a single injection were converted to non-specific urethritis, which were treated with combination of other antibiotics. 5. 5 patients (33.3%) of the mixed infected patients with a single injection were converted to nonspecific urethritis, which were treated with combination of other antibiotics. 6. No side effect was noted in all patients.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Coinfection ; Humans ; Male ; Spectinomycin* ; Urethritis* ; Urology

Forty five gonococcal patients were treated with spectinomycin hydrochloride at the Department of Urology, St. Mary's Hospital from August 1. 1972 to December 32. 1972. All patients were male and confirmed as acute gonorrheal urethritis by gram stained smear or culture. The cure ability in this series was very satisfactory The results were as follows; 1. Gram negative ;intracellular diplococci was controlled in 29 patients (96.7%) among 3O patients with pure gonococcal infection with a single injection of spectinomycin hydrochloride. 2. Gram negative intracellular diplococci was controlled in 14 patients (93.3%) among 15 patient with mixed infection with a single injection of spectinomycin hydrochloride. 3. Only two in all patients were controlled in gram negative intracellular diplococci with repeat injection. 4. 4 patients (13.3%) of the pure gonoccoccal patients with a single injection were converted to non-specific urethritis, which were treated with combination of other antibiotics. 5. 5 patients (33.3%) of the mixed infected patients with a single injection were converted to nonspecific urethritis, which were treated with combination of other antibiotics. 6. No side effect was noted in all patients.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Coinfection ; Humans ; Male ; Spectinomycin* ; Urethritis* ; Urology

A 10-year-old boy presented with dribbling on urination, intermittent left flank pain and pyuria since birth. With voiding cystourelhrography this case was diagnosed as congenital anterior urethral valve which was confirmed by panendoscopic study. He was underwent electrocoagulation of the valve and left nephrectomy. And so he was discharged with good urinary stream on the 23 rd postoperative day.
Child ; Electrocoagulation ; Flank Pain ; Humans ; Male ; Nephrectomy ; Parturition ; Pyuria ; Rivers ; Urination