Ectopic pregnancies are unsuccessful pregnancies that result from implantation of fertilized ovum occurring inan aberrant area. Aside from an emergency case, the early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy is very difficultparticularly in a case with insidious onset and mild clinical manifestations. Early diagnosis not only reduces thedanger, but also simplifies the management of ectopic pregnancy. Ultrasonography has been an indispensablediagnostic tool in obstetrics and Gynecology. In the authors' experience, clinical suspected ectopic pregnancy wasone of the common indications for performing ultrasonography. Since Kobayashi et al. reported the appearances ofextopic preganancy utilizing bistable B-scan ultrasonography, the ultrasonic findings of ectopic pregnancy havebeen reported by many authors. But, its accuracy and reliablity in the diagnosis of ectopic pregancy are stillopen to controversy. The authors studied 65 cases of clinically suspected ectopic pregnancy with Picker 80 L grayscale ultrasonography from Aug. 1982 to Jun. 1983. There were 29 confirmed cases, of which 15 were proved to haveextopic pregnancy and 14 were proved to have disease other than ectopic pregnancy by surgical andhistopathological study or by laparoscopy and histopatholoigcal study or by laparoscopy and follow up study. 29confirmed cases were reviewed. The resuls were as follows; 1. Among 15 ectopic pregnancies, there were 12ampullary pregnancies, 2 isthmic pregnancies and 1 interstitial pregancy. Among 14 cases of no ectopic pregnancy,there were 5 intrauterine pregnancies, 3 myoma uteri, 2 P.I.D., and 1 case of dermoid cyst, cystic teratoma,h-mole and tubal hematoma due to previous tubal ligation, respectively. 2. The age distribution of ectopicpregnancy was from 22 to 41 years. The common clinical manifestations of extopic pregnancy were lower abdominalpain (73.3%), vaginal spotting or bleeding (73.3%) and amenorrhea(66.7%). 3. Positive results of urine immunologicpregnancy test was 28.6% in ectopic pregnancy. 4. Ultrasonic findings of ectopic preganncy were as follows; 1) Nointrauterine gestational sac was observed in all cases except 1 interstitial pregnancy. Intrauterine fluidcollection was observed in 3 cases. Uterine displacement was observed in 10 cases. 2) Among 5 cases of rupturedtubal pregnancy, we observed predominantly cystic adnexal mass in 3 cases, mixed echogenic adnexal mass in 2cases, and cul-de-sac fluid in all cases. Among 9 cases of unruptured tubal pregnancy, we observed predominantlycystic adnexal mass in 2 cases, mixed echogenic adnexal mass in 7 cases, and cul-de- sac fluid in 3 cases. 3) Anechodense ring like structure was observed outside the uterus in 9 cases of tubal pregnancy. 4) In the case ofinterstitial pregnancy, eccentrically located gestational sac with overlying thin myometrium was observed withinthe uterus. 5) Fetal heart activity was noted outside the uterus with real time scanning in only 1 case of ectoicpregnancy. 5. Of 19 sonographically ectopic pregnancies, a correct positive ultrasonic diagnosis was made n 14cases (73.7%). Of 29 confirmed cases, overall diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound was 79.3%. 6. By demonstrationintrauterine pregnancy or disease other than ectopic pregnancy such as myoma uteri, homole or ovarian cyst,ectopic pregnancy was ultrasonically excluded in 10 cases. Among above 10 cases, 1 case of ultasonically bilateralovarian cyst was proved to have ruptured tubal pregnancy combined with ovarian cyst. The accuracy of ultrasonicexclusion of ectopic pregnancy was 90%. In the authors'experience, ultrasonography was very helpful in theexclusion of extopic pregnancy.
Age Distribution ; Animals ; Dermoid Cyst ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Emergencies ; Female ; Fetal Heart ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gestational Sac ; Gynecology ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage ; Laparoscopy ; Metrorrhagia ; Mice ; Myoma ; Myometrium ; Obstetrics ; Ovarian Cysts ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic ; Pregnancy, Interstitial ; Pregnancy, Tubal ; Sterilization, Tubal ; Ultrasonics ; Ultrasonography ; Uterus ; Zygote

No abstract available.
Congenital Abnormalities* ; Knee* ; Osteoarthritis* ; Osteotomy*

No abstract available.
Metallothionein*

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell*

In the diagnosis of acute spinal trauma, meticulous physical examination and history taking is the most important tool and auxilliary support support can be given by plain X-ray, CT or myelography, etc. But these cannot show the state of cord injury directly. On the contrary, MRI shows the cord directly as well as the soft and bony tissues. We analysed retrospectively 39 patients who suffered from acute spinal trauma at the level of cervical and thoracic spine and had their spine MRI taken. We verified the meaningful correlation between the signal change in the spinal cord on MRI and the degree of neurologic deficit and prognosis, using Frankel classification and trauma motor index at the time of admission and the final follow-up.
Classification ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Myelography ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Physical Examination ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Cord ; Spine

Plantar fibromatosis, otherwise known as Dupuytrens disease of the foot, is a relatively uncommon benign lesion. It is characterized by the replacement of elements of the plantar aponeurosis with fibrous tissue, which then slowly invades the skin and the deep structures. Generally an asymptomatic lesion, plantarfibrosis may occasionally cause foot pain. We recently experienced a case of painful plantar fibromatosis. On which a wide surgical excision was done. A one year postoperatively, follow-up examination revealed neither recurrence nor walking disability.
Dupuytren Contracture ; Fibroma* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Foot ; Recurrence ; Skin ; Walking

Injury of the tarsometatarsal joints is known to be very uncommon. Injury was most frequently seen as the result of high energy trauma and appear to be occuring more frequently. Early recognition was imperative, since significant long-term disability can result from inadequate treatment. We have reviewed and clinically anafysed 14 cases of tarsometatarsal Fracture-Dislocation treated at our clinic during the period frrqn March 1980 to March 1985. The following result were obtained. 1. Majority of cause of injury was traffic accidents in 10 cases(71%). 2. According to the Wilsons classification, First stage of supination was most common. 3. Associated injuried was 92%. 4. There was no significant difference between operative treatment and conservative treatment.
Accidents, Traffic ; Classification ; Joints ; Supination

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the effectiveness of arthrocopic treatment for the avulsion fracture of intercondylar eminence of the tibia and of the technique of arthroscopically assisted reduction and fixation through pull-out suture method. Between January 1995 and May 1997, three patients were underwent arthroscopic reduction and suture fixation for type 0 of avulsion fracture of intercondylar eminence of tibia and were followed up. The result of two patients were graded as normal and one as nearly normal by the criteria of the International Knee Documentation Committee(IKDC) rating scale. The advantages of this technique include no retained hardware and ability to treat comminuted fracture(type g ). We describe technique of arthroscopic reduction and suture fixasion for displaced avulsion fractures, including those with comminution of intercondylar eminence of tibia.
Humans ; Knee ; Sutures* ; Tibia

Forty five gonococcal patients were treated with spectinomycin hydrochloride at the Department of Urology, St. Mary's Hospital from August 1. 1972 to December 32. 1972. All patients were male and confirmed as acute gonorrheal urethritis by gram stained smear or culture. The cure ability in this series was very satisfactory The results were as follows; 1. Gram negative ;intracellular diplococci was controlled in 29 patients (96.7%) among 3O patients with pure gonococcal infection with a single injection of spectinomycin hydrochloride. 2. Gram negative intracellular diplococci was controlled in 14 patients (93.3%) among 15 patient with mixed infection with a single injection of spectinomycin hydrochloride. 3. Only two in all patients were controlled in gram negative intracellular diplococci with repeat injection. 4. 4 patients (13.3%) of the pure gonoccoccal patients with a single injection were converted to non-specific urethritis, which were treated with combination of other antibiotics. 5. 5 patients (33.3%) of the mixed infected patients with a single injection were converted to nonspecific urethritis, which were treated with combination of other antibiotics. 6. No side effect was noted in all patients.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Coinfection ; Humans ; Male ; Spectinomycin* ; Urethritis* ; Urology

Forty five gonococcal patients were treated with spectinomycin hydrochloride at the Department of Urology, St. Mary's Hospital from August 1. 1972 to December 32. 1972. All patients were male and confirmed as acute gonorrheal urethritis by gram stained smear or culture. The cure ability in this series was very satisfactory The results were as follows; 1. Gram negative ;intracellular diplococci was controlled in 29 patients (96.7%) among 3O patients with pure gonococcal infection with a single injection of spectinomycin hydrochloride. 2. Gram negative intracellular diplococci was controlled in 14 patients (93.3%) among 15 patient with mixed infection with a single injection of spectinomycin hydrochloride. 3. Only two in all patients were controlled in gram negative intracellular diplococci with repeat injection. 4. 4 patients (13.3%) of the pure gonoccoccal patients with a single injection were converted to non-specific urethritis, which were treated with combination of other antibiotics. 5. 5 patients (33.3%) of the mixed infected patients with a single injection were converted to nonspecific urethritis, which were treated with combination of other antibiotics. 6. No side effect was noted in all patients.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Coinfection ; Humans ; Male ; Spectinomycin* ; Urethritis* ; Urology