The occurrence of fistulous tract between the thoracic subarachnoid space and the pleural cavity due to injury is uncommon. The one was developed after traffic accident and treated by surgical repair of the fistula : The other was post-operative complication of costotransversectomy for T2 sympathectomy. The complication was realized by the surgeon who was aware of the small leakage of cerebrospinal fluid from the dura propria of the T2 nerve root at the time of surgery. Intermittent pleural punctures for drainage and semisitting position were followed by spontaneous closure of the fistula. These cases were reported so that the uncommon condition might be added to the differential diagnosis of pleural effusion.
Accidents, Traffic ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drainage ; Fistula* ; Pleural Cavity ; Pleural Effusion ; Punctures ; Subarachnoid Space ; Sympathectomy

Five volunteers received patch tests with 5% sodium lauryl sulfate (SIS) in solutions of differing pH. The irritant effect was monitored by visual scoring as well as by a laser Doppler vlelocimeter, evaporimeter, cutometer, and colorimeter. The non-invasive methods used in this study with the exception of the cutometer were effective in the evaluation of skin irritation. No significant differences in the skin responses to SIS in different pH solutions were found either clinically or by the non-invasive methods used for quantification. It was concluded that the pH of SIS is not a major factor in the degree of skin irritation produced by SIS.
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration* ; Patch Tests ; Skin ; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate* ; Sodium* ; Volunteers

The bat (Chiroptera) is the only mammal that is able to fly as birds do and forms a peculiar taxonomic group in that the diploid number of chromosomes seldom are of the same number in the same genus and the different species in contrast to the other eutherian mammals. At the present time, many karyological problems remain unsolved in Korean bats. It is easy enough to imagine that many interesting things have happened in the chromosomes of the Korean bats as well. The present study was designed in order to get karyotypic data on living species of Korean bats (Vespertilio superans THOMAS and Miniopterus schreibersii fuliginosus (HODGSON). The diploid number of chromosomes of the Vespertilio superans was 38. The autosomes consisted of 6 pairs of the large metacentric, a pair of the small submetacentric and 11 pairs of tile small acrocentric chromosomes. The X chromosome was medium sized and metacentric in type and the Y was a small acrocentric type. The fundamental number was 50. The diploid number of chrmosomes of the Miniopterus schreibersii fuliginosus was 46. The autosomes consisted of 8 pairs of the metacentric type including a pair of minute metacentric chromosomes. and 18 pairs of the small acrocentric type chromosomes. The X chromosome was medium-sized and submetacentric, and the Y was a small acrocentric chromosome. The fundamental number was 52.
Animal ; Chiroptera/anatomy & histology* ; Chromosomes/ultrastructure* ; Female ; Karyotyping ; Male ; Sex Chromosomes/ultrastructure

The present study was performed in order to test the effects of diphenylhydantoin (DPH) and two central nervous system (CNS) stimulants, intermittent light stimulation(ILS) and pentylenetetrazol (Metrazol) on body temperature (Tb) during cold exposure in the bat DHP delayed the onset of entry into hibernation in both the oriental discoloured bats and the little brown bats and formed long and prominent plateaus that were not found in the normal and the controls. The responses of body temperature to the ILS were sensitive and the body temperature fell dramatically in the big brown bats. Metrazol effects on body temperature were obvious but; seemed dose-dependent. The experimental results further support the hypothesis that hibernation is an epileptic fit as suggested by serveral researchers.
Animal ; Body Temperature/drug effects ; Body Temperature Regulation ; Chiroptera/physiology* ; Female ; Hibernation* ; Light ; Male ; Pentylenetetrazole/pharmacology ; Phenytoin/pharmacology

Sinusitis manifested as symptomatic imflammation of the paranasal sinuses is a common pediatric diagnosis. Many studies have focused more directly on the question of relationship between allergy and sinusitis but the relevance of the relationship between allergy and sinusitis still needs further examination, The purpose of this study is to assess of relationship of allergy to extent or severity of sinusitis. A clinical evaluation was performed on 199 children, age 2 to 15 years, in whom the diagnosis of sinusitis was confirmed by paranasal sinus radiographic assessment at our hospital Pediatric OPD and in the ward from July 1991 to June 1993. The results were as follows: 1) Male was more prominent than female (M:F ratio 1.76:1). The age distribution, 100 cases(55.2%) of the total case were 4-7 year old. 2) The symptoms were coughing, most common (77,9%), rhinorrhea, nasal discharge and nasal stuffiness, in decreasing order. The clinical signs were postnasal drip (62.8%), most common, throat injection, wheezing sound, and allergic shiner in decreasing order. Eighty eight patients were evaluated acute and compared with 111 patients with chronic sinusitis. 3) Comparable study between two groups were summarized as follwos: (1) There was no significant difference in age and sex distribution between acute and chronic group. (2) The lowest seasonal incidence of acute group was seen in summer and autumn but there was no significant variation between both group (p>0.05). (3) Allergc disease was more prevalent in chronc group than acute group (p<0.05). Asthma incidence was higher in chronic group than acute group (p<0.05). (4) The frequency of total IgE level checked by PRIST higher than 200 IU/ml in acute group and chronic group was 23.2% and 42.3%, respectively (p<0.05). The incidence of positive skin prick test in acute group and chronic group was 25.0% and 46.5% respectively (p<0.05). (5) Otitis media, nasal polyp and adenoid hypertrophy incidence were higher in chronic group than acute group (p<0.05). (6) There was no significant difference if ESR between both groups. The eosinophilia in peripheral blood higher than 5% in the acute group and chronic group was 15.9% and 42.3% respectively (p<0.05). (7) The patients with chronic group had more severe involvement of the paranasal sinuses than acute group (p<0.05). (8) There were no significant difference in chest radiographic findings and follow up paranasal sinus radiographic findings after treatment (P>0.05).
Adenoids ; Age Distribution ; Asthma ; Child* ; Cough ; Cyprinidae ; Diagnosis ; Eosinophilia ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Hypertrophy ; Immunoglobulin E ; Incidence ; Male ; Nasal Polyps ; Otitis Media ; Paranasal Sinuses ; Pharynx ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Respiratory Sounds ; Seasons ; Sex Distribution ; Sinusitis* ; Skin

A case of huge craniopharyngioma which was removed radically is presented. A 14-year-old girl was hospitalized because of the impairment of vision and a history of generalized seizures. The computed tomogram of the brain disclosed the huge mass consisting of a large cystic part extending to the frontal base and solid part medial and posterior to the cystic. Despite of the large size and adhesion to the vital structures, the tumor was removed successfully. To remove the tumor radically, it seemed to be important not to interrupt the outer structure of the mass during dissection. The postoperative course was uneventful except transient diabetes insipidus. We report this case with brief review of the references.
Adolescent ; Brain ; Craniopharyngioma* ; Diabetes Insipidus ; Female ; Humans ; Seizures

Cervical cordotomy via anterior approach without bone graft which is a modified Cloward's method is an effective and simple means of relieving of intractable pain with minimal destruction of bone lower morbidity and mortality. This method consists of an anterior surgical approach to the ventral surface of the cervical cord through a simple discectomy. A transverse incision in the dura mater gives excellent exposure permitting incision of the spinothalamic tracts under direct vision. For bilateral pain both incision are made at the same level of the cord without causing impairment of motor function of the lower extremities or bowel and bladder. This procedure has also many advantages and disavantages as follows ; 1. Cervical cordotomy by the this procedure has a much lower morbidity and fewer complications than the conventional procedure by laminectomy. 2. A more complete section of the spinothalamic tract is possible under direct vision. 3. A differential section of the tract with sparing of sensation in non-painful areas is possible by this procedure. 4. An incidence of the cord trauma can be minimized because the incision is possible without distorsion and traction of the cord during the operation. 5. This procedure without bone graft is simpler than original Cloward's method. 6. An water-tight closure of the dura is difficult but successful results are obtained by using a gelfoam. 7. This procedure above the level of the C3-4 interspace is difficult but possible. 8. A relief of pain below the level of the T3 dermatome is available and there is no good operative candidate when the brachial plexus is involved.
Brachial Plexus ; Cordotomy* ; Diskectomy ; Dura Mater ; Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable ; Incidence ; Laminectomy ; Lower Extremity ; Mortality ; Pain, Intractable ; Sensation ; Spinothalamic Tracts ; Traction ; Transplants* ; Urinary Bladder

A huge convexity meningioma close to motor area of the dominant hemisphere was resected completely without any complications and Sequelae. A 50-year-old male patient who has been suffered from dysphasia, focal seizure, recent memory impairment and weakness of the right upper extremity for about three months was admitted to our neurosurgical department on March, 1977. Before admission, he had been treated with acupuncture and conservative managements under the diagnosis of arteriosclerotic cerebral thrombosis at certain famous university hospitals. On examination, he was mentally clear but moderately dysphasic : there were central type of right facial palsy and weakness of right upper extremity with intact sense. Extensor type of plantar response on the right was noted and fundoscopic examination was impossible due to bilateral cataract. Tc-99m pertechnetate brain scan and left carotid angiogram suggested large space occupying lesion of the left parietotemporal area and so large craniotomy on the left side was performed and through this huge meningioma was resected from the left cerebral convexity adjacent motor area without any damage to the cerebral cortex and vessels. After operation, his neurological deficits were improved markedly without any seguelae and complications and he was discharged at the day of third week of operation. Repeated neurological examination on discharge day revealed slightest right facial palsy, no dysphasia, no motor weakness and no any complications and sequelae.
Acupuncture ; Aphasia ; Brain ; Cataract ; Cerebral Cortex ; Craniotomy ; Diagnosis ; Facial Paralysis ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Intracranial Thrombosis ; Male ; Memory ; Meningioma* ; Middle Aged ; Neurologic Examination ; Seizures ; Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m ; Upper Extremity

The authors studied 100 Koreans for sex determination using the sex chromatin of the epithelial cells from the oral mucosa according to Marberger's method. Turbid suspensions obtained by scraping the buccal mucosa were used; these were stained with a modified Feulgen technic for DNA. Summarizing our observations, the percentage of the sex chromatin in the nuclei of the epithelial cells showed a remarkable difference between the male and feamle of 23.6%. The authors confirmed the fact that the method of oral smear which had already been introudced by Marberger and his associates (1955) might be applicable to the Korean, also.
Female ; Male ; Humans

After the intraperitoneal injections of alloxan, carbon tetrachloride, cortisone acetate, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, morphine hydrochloride, toluidin blue, physiological saline solution, distilled water, and direct stimulation with electronic current, the peritoneal mast cells of the rat were observed in order to document and study the cytomorphic changes. Adult Sprague-Dawley strain albion rats were used. The substances tested were dissolved in physiological saline solution and injected into the abdominal cavity. Three to twenty four hours later the rats were sacrificed and the morphological changes of the peritoneal mast cells were observed by means of phase contrast microscopy and ordinary light microscopy. Cytomorphic effects of alloxan on the mast cells were comparatively marked and those effects of CC14, cortisone, ACTH, morphine-HCI, and physiological saline solution were slight and similar to each other. But the distructive effects of toluidin blue, distilled water, and electronic stimulation on the mast cells were severe and noticeable in this study. These results indicate that the intraperitmeal mast cells of rats show more sensitive reactions to a metabolic poisn alloxan, a low osmotic pressured-material distilled water, and a histamine liberator toluidin blue, and a physical stimulus electronic stimulation than the other similar chemical agents.
Animal ; Electric Stimulation* ; Hormones/pharmacology* ; Mast Cells/cytology* ; Mast Cells/drug effects* ; Rats