No abstract available.
Hernia, Diaphragmatic*

9p Tetrasomy is rare chromosomal aberration that was described in approximately 30 previous patients in the world and this is the first described in Korea. Here we report a 3 month-old boy who was referred for genetic evaluation because of facial dysmorphism, such as wide fontanells, hypertelorism, bulbous nose, low set ears, cleft lip and palate. He had also psychomotor retardation and hypotonia. He was diagnosed as tetrasomy 9p syndrome by clinical feature and chromosomal study. Thereafter, increased growing of head size compared with body weight and height was observed and brain MRI shows hydrocephaly associated with remarkable hypertrophy of choroid plexus and mild Dandy Walker syndrome.
Body Weight ; Brain ; Choroid Plexus* ; Choroid* ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Cleft Lip ; Dandy-Walker Syndrome ; Ear ; Head ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus* ; Hypertelorism ; Hypertrophy* ; Infant ; Korea ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Muscle Hypotonia ; Nose ; Palate ; Tetrasomy*

Collision tumors of the colon are rare. A 54-year-old man was referred to our hospital for the evaluation of hematochezia. Colonoscopy demonstrated the presence of about 3 cm sized mass in the rectosigmoid junction. After surgical resection, the colonic lesion was histologically composed of two discrete lesions: adenocarcinoma in the superficial layer and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma in the deeper layer. We report this case of colonic collision tumor (adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma) with a review of the literature.
Adenocarcinoma/*diagnosis/pathology ; Antigens, CD/metabolism ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/*diagnosis/pathology ; Colonic Neoplasms/*diagnosis/pathology ; Colonoscopy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Positron-Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography ; Synaptophysin/metabolism ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUND: This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of plasma concentration of vitamin C is on the plasma total antioxidant status(TAS) in patients with paraquat intoxication. METHODS: As a preliminary research for this study, we measured plasma vitamin C levels, uric acid, TAS, and bilirubin from 100 healthy Koreans aged between 25-55 years. Various concentrations of vitamin C were constructed in vitro with normal pooled plasma between 1mg/dl and 100 mg/dL and TAS was measured. Both vitamin C concentrations and TAS were measured from the blood samples, taken at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9 hours after a bolus injection of vitamin C(50 mg/kg) from 7 volunteers who had been recruited from medical students at our hospital. Various amounts of vitamin C were given to 10 patients with paraquat intoxication for 5 consecutive days in the morning : first day ; 100 mg single dose, second day; 500 mg single dose, third day ; 1,000 mg single dose, fourth day : 3,000 mg single dose, and fifth day ; 3,000 mg three times every 8 hours. RESULTS: The mean value of TAS and vitamin C measured in 100 healthy Korean adults was 2.22 +/-0.16 mmol/L and 0.48+/-0.10 mg/dL. Age and sex do not influence these levels(p> 0.05, data are not presented). A direct correlation was observed between TAS and vitamin C concentrations of 1 mg/dL and 100 mg/dL both in vivo and vitro. As the vitamin C concentration was increased gradually 5 consecutive days, the TAS values increased in the same way as follows : first day(vitamin C 100 mg) 2.26+/-0.98 mmol/L, second day(vitamin C 500 mg) 2.76+/-0.78 mmol/L, third day(vitamin C 1.000 mg) 2.81+/-0.68 mmol/L, fourth day(vitamin C 3.000 mg) 3.18 mmol/L. On the fifth day when 3.000 mg of vitamin C was given by bolus intravenous injection 3 times(every 8 hours for a day), the TAS values measured one hour after the injection was 3.58+/-0.37 mmol/L. CONCLUSION: When vitamin C is used as a free radical scavenger, the loading dose and maintenance dose should be around 2278 mg intravenous bolus and 146 mg/hour. High doses of vitamin C are effective and safe for patients with acute paraquat intoxication.
Adult ; Ascorbic Acid* ; Bilirubin ; Free Radical Scavengers ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Paraquat* ; Plasma* ; Pulmonary Fibrosis ; Students, Medical ; Uric Acid ; Vitamins* ; Volunteers

PURPOSE: Clinical and pathological prognostic factors of idiopathic IgA nephropathy have been reported, but mostly in adults and a few in children. Especially studies about correlation between those factors are very rare. METHODS: We studied 58 children patients who were hospitalized to our clinics and diagnosed as IgA nephropathy by renal biopsy from Jan. 1989 to Jun 1996. They got divided into several clinical groups, which are heavy proteinuria group (group A), asymptomatic urinary abnormalities group proteinuria and/or microscopic hematuria (group B), and recurrent gross hematuria group (group C). They are also divided into younger group (younger than 10 years of age) and older group (older than 10 years og age). We compared their pathological findings of bad prognosis, if they have, in different clinical groups. RESULTS: Group A had most pathological factors of bad prognosis such as higher Meadow grade, crescent formation, necrosis, glomerulosclerosis, tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis, two or more kinds of immune deposit except IgA, high frequency of electron dense deposits of glomerular capillary wall. Group B treded to have some poor prognostic factors such as tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis. in terms of age groups, older group was more apt to be heavily proteinuric than younger group, have such pathological factors of poor prognosis that group A had. CONCLUSION: Heavy proteinuria and relative old age in childhood IgA nephropathy, considered clinically poor prognostic, appears significantly correlated with pathologically poor prognostic factors.
Adult ; Atrophy ; Biopsy ; Capillaries ; Child* ; Fibrosis ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA* ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A* ; Necrosis ; Prognosis ; Proteinuria

PURPOSE: Clinical and pathological prognostic factors of idiopathic IgA nephropathy have been reported, but mostly in adults and a few in children. Especially studies about correlation between those factors are very rare. METHODS: We studied 58 children patients who were hospitalized to our clinics and diagnosed as IgA nephropathy by renal biopsy from Jan. 1989 to Jun 1996. They got divided into several clinical groups, which are heavy proteinuria group (group A), asymptomatic urinary abnormalities group proteinuria and/or microscopic hematuria (group B), and recurrent gross hematuria group (group C). They are also divided into younger group (younger than 10 years of age) and older group (older than 10 years og age). We compared their pathological findings of bad prognosis, if they have, in different clinical groups. RESULTS: Group A had most pathological factors of bad prognosis such as higher Meadow grade, crescent formation, necrosis, glomerulosclerosis, tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis, two or more kinds of immune deposit except IgA, high frequency of electron dense deposits of glomerular capillary wall. Group B treded to have some poor prognostic factors such as tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis. in terms of age groups, older group was more apt to be heavily proteinuric than younger group, have such pathological factors of poor prognosis that group A had. CONCLUSION: Heavy proteinuria and relative old age in childhood IgA nephropathy, considered clinically poor prognostic, appears significantly correlated with pathologically poor prognostic factors.
Adult ; Atrophy ; Biopsy ; Capillaries ; Child* ; Fibrosis ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA* ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A* ; Necrosis ; Prognosis ; Proteinuria

A case of one of the largest stone in a giant penile urethral diverticulum which disturbed voiding and ejaculation was responded with review of some literatures.
Diverticulum* ; Ejaculation ; Male ; Urethra

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of mouthrinse products containing deep sea water. We used original deep sea water (DSW) and processed deep sea water desalinated by reverse osmosis at one time (DDW-1), by reverse osmosis at two times (DDW-2) and concentrated by reverse osmosis (CDW). We made 2 kinds of mouthrinse products containing CDW and other agents for smell and taste and one product without deep sea water. The negative control was distilled water. In vivo study, the dental plaque index scores and the gingival index scores were reduced after 4 weeks mouthrinsing three times daily with 4 kinds of deep sea water and 3 kinds of mouthrinse products(p<0.05). The pH of dental plaque in 1 minute after mouthrinsing was not higher than 5.5 in all solutions, but the pH in 20 minutes after mouthrinsing was higher than 5.7 in DSW, CDW and 3 kinds of products which had higher mineral contents. In vitro study, the mouthrinse solutions containing the higher mineral contents were also the more effective in reduction of methyl mercaptan which is one of the causes of halitosis. The 2 kinds of products containing deep sea water killed Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) in culture plates in one minute. These results indicate the usability of deep sea water in mouthrinses for oral hygiene management.
Dental Plaque ; Dental Plaque Index ; Halitosis ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Oral Hygiene ; Osmosis ; Periodontal Index ; Seawater* ; Smell ; Streptococcus mutans ; Water

Testicular teratoma contains more than one germ cell layer in various stages of maturation and differentiation. The teratoma occurs at all ages but is most common in the 25-30 year age group. It is relatively infrequently seen in childhood and infancy. In these age group, teratoma is a benign tumor. Recently, we experienced one case of incidental testicular teratoma during hydrocelectomy in 22 month-old child, The hydrocele is frequently associated with teratoma under age 4 years and is the most common misdiagnosis. So we report this one case of testicular teratoma with review of related literatures.
Child ; Diagnostic Errors ; Germ Cells ; Humans ; Infant ; Teratoma* ; Testis

OBJECTIVE: To clarify the relationship between the morphologic changes of disc herniation and the clinical course of conservatively treated herniated lumbar disc patients. METHOD: Follow-up MRIs and clinical assessments by the Visual Analogue Scale and Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA) Score were performed in 20 patients at a mean interval of 11.3 month. RESULTS: An average reduction ratio of herniation on the sagittal and axial images, were 21.4% and 20.8% respectively. The clinical features improved significantly and the degree of clinical improvement correlated with the reduction ratio of herniation, althougy 4 patients improved symptomatically despite increased or unchanged degree of herniation. Ten patients with extruded discs showed a higher reduction ratio of heniation with better clinical outcome than those with protruded discs. CONCLUSION: The morphologic change verified on MRI of conservatively treated patients with a lumbar disc herniation is responsible for the clinical outcome although the anatomical factor alone is not enough to explain the outcome. The patients with extruded disc herniation shows more morphologic changes on MRI and better clinical outcomes than the patients with protruded discs.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging*