The author analysed foreign body in the airway, divided into two groups vegetable foreign body group(VFBG) and non-vegetable foreign body group(N-VFBG), according to the nature, in 88 patients aged from 5 months to 15 years who were diagnosed and treated under ventilating bronchos-copy at Department of Pediatrics and Otolaryngology, Pusan National University Hospital from 1980 to 1990. Of the 88 patients analysed, 13 were followed for review, which comprised clinical assessment, chest radiography, and perfusion lung scan. The follwing results were obtained. 1) The highest incidence was seen in the age group of 1 to 3 years old especially in VFBG, bur no difference in incidence among each age group was observed in N-VFBG, The ratio of incidence between male to female was 2:1 ein total and, in N-VFBG, the incidence of male 8 times higher than female. 2) A wide variety of foreign bodies was recovered, with peanut being by far the most common (50%) and the ratio of incidence between VFBG and N-VFBG was 6 to 4. 3) The time interval of less than 24 hours between aspiration and admission was most frequently seen in 38% and of more than 3 weeks in 11%. The time interval in VFBG and the group with left bronchial lodging was longer than of N-VFBG and the group with right bronchial lodging, each respectively but no statistical difference was observed. The time interval in the group with bronchial lodging was significantly longer than of the group with laryngeal and tracheal lodging. 4) Frequent symptoms and signs were coughing, dyspnea, fever, decreased air entry, coarse breathing sound and rales. In total, clinical manifestations were more common in VFBG, especially in the incidence of fever, decreased air entry, coarse breathing sound and rhonchi. 5) The roentgenographic findings on admission were emphysema, pneumonia and atelectasis in the order of frequency. The incidence of emphysema and complex roentgenographic findings were more common in VFBG whereas in N-VFBG radioopaque foreign body normal roentgenographic findings were more common. 6) The prevalence of bronchial lodging was over 70% regardless of age group. No difference of predilection was observed between right and left bronchial lodging before 7 years old, but after 7 years old right bronchial lodging was significantly seen. 7) The longer the time lag before admission after aspiration, the longer the duration of hospitalization was in VFBG but with no statistical significance. However, no correlation between time lag and the duration o hospitalization was observed in N-VFBG. The group with bronchial lodging had significantly longer duration of hospitalization compare to that of the group with laryngeal and tracheal lodging, The group with left bronchial lodging had longer duration of hospitalization compare to that of the group with right bronchial lodging but with no statical significance. 8) Of the 13 cases reviewed, one had abnormal lung perfusion scan in spite of normal clinical assessment and chest X-ray, who was treated on 20 days days after aspiration of peanut in the right bronchus.
Bronchi ; Busan ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cough ; Dyspnea ; Emphysema ; Female ; Fever ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Foreign Bodies* ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lung ; Male ; Otolaryngology ; Pediatrics ; Perfusion ; Pneumonia ; Prevalence ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Radiography ; Respiratory Sounds ; Thorax ; Vegetables

No abstract available.
Acidosis, Renal Tubular* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

The hydrophobicity assay and DNA probe hybridization assay were compared for analysis of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC), heat-labile enterotoxin(LT) and heat-stable enterotoxin (ST). The ETEC isolated from diarrheal patients were serotyped and investigated for the presence of colonization factor antigens CFA/1, CFA/II, CFA/III and CFA/IV with the expression of mannose-resistant hemagglutination(MRHA) and the levels of surface hydrophobicity. The following results were obtained. 1. Out of these 48 strains, 34 strains were found to be positive for LT production by DNA probe hybridization assay. Out of 34 strains, 1 strain was ST producer, 25 strains were LT producers, and 8 strains were produced both ST+LT producers by DNA probe hybridization assay. 2. Out of 34 strains of positive DNA probe hybridization test, 31 strains was positive in the hydrophobicity test. Among strains of positive hydrophobicity test, 20, 1, and 7 strains produced only LT, only ST and both ST-LT, respectively. Screening efficiency for identifying ETEC by salting out test was 82.4% in sensitivity and 78.6% in specificity. For ETEC detection, the hydrophobicity assay was the least sensitive but was simple, rapid and a good substitute for the DNA probe hybridization assay. 4. CFAs were identified in 43.8% of ETEC strains; 2.1% of the CFAs strains with CFAs harbored CFA/I, 29.2% carried CFA/II, 16.7% carried CFA/III and CFA/IV. And 35.4% expressed none of these CFAs. CFA/I was found in ETEC of serotype 0128: K67, CFA/II was 0128: K67, 0142: K+ and 0159: K+, CFA/III was 086a: K15 and 0128: K67, CFA/IV was 0 86a: K15, 0128: K67, 0125: K70 and 0148: K+.
Colon ; DNA* ; Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli* ; Enterotoxins ; Escherichia ; Humans ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions* ; Mass Screening ; Sensitivity and Specificity

We evaluate the effects of diltiazem in 19 patients with ischemic heart disease (15 patients) of classical anginal pectoris & 4 patients of variant angina) by means of clinical status & electrocardiographic changes and obtain the results as follows: 1. The pulse rate & blood pressure were decreased by diltiazem slightly but these decreases were not significant in statistical meaning. 2. Diltiazem administration of 4 weeks duration normalized EKG completely in 4 patients & partially in 3 patients among the 13 patients who showed abnormal resting EKG initially. 3. All 19 patients who received diltiazem showed clinical improvement; 9 patients had excellent responses, 7 patients good responses & 3 patients fair responses. 4. Diltiazem had side effects in 3 patients, drowsiness, mild euphoria & possibly tolerance respectively in each patients.
Angina Pectoris* ; Blood Pressure ; Diltiazem ; Electrocardiography ; Euphoria ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Sleep Stages

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Ischemic preconditioning (IP) has been shown to reduce the infarct size and severity of arrhythmia in a post-ischemic reperfused heart. Angina before myocardial infarction reflects brief episodes of myocardial ischemia and may be a marker of ischemic preconditioning. We studied the effect of a history of previous angina on early outcomes (infarct size, left ventricular (LV) function and residual myocardial ischemia) for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) after thrombolytic therapy. MATERIALS AND METHOD: We examined prospectively 58 consecutive patients who had AMI and arrived hospital within 6 hours after chest pain developed. IP was defined as prodromal angina within 24 hours before myocardial infarction. Patients were divided 2 groups:Group I (Gr I, 30 cases) without IP, Group II (Gr II, 28 cases) with IP. Thrombolytic therapy was done 23 cases (77%) and 21 cases (75%) respectively in each groups. Thereafter, electrocardiographic findings, infarct size on the basis of peak creatine kinase, LV function on the 2-D echocardiographic findings, recurrent myocardial ischemia were examined between 2 groups. RESULTS: In predischarge 2-D echocardio-graphic findings, LV dilatation and normal regional wall motion did not differ between two groups. But, there were significantly smaller creatine kinase (CK)-determined infarct size in Gr II than that in Gr I (peak CK level, Gr I:1566.3+/-960.0 IU/L vs Gr II:1066.9+/-773.2; p<0.05). The time interval between the onset of infarction and peak CK level was shorter in Gr II than that in Gr I (Gr I:18.3+/-8.3 vs Gr II:10.7+/-3.4 hours; p<0.001). There were significantly more common incidences of residual myocardial ischemia in Gr II (Gr I:26.7% vs Gr II:60.7%; p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Patients with a history of prodromal angina preceding myocardial infarction had small infarct size and earlier reperfusion of infarct related artery. However, there were significantly more common residual myocardial ischemia in these patients and a trend toward re-infarction on same previous infarction sites.
Angina Pectoris* ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Arteries ; Chest Pain ; Creatine Kinase ; Dilatation ; Echocardiography ; Electrocardiography ; Heart ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infarction ; Ischemic Preconditioning* ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Prospective Studies ; Reperfusion ; Thrombolytic Therapy

Replacement of cardiac valves in the pediatric patients is infrequent compared with in adult for the treatment of diseased heart valve. Furthermore, uncertainties regarding the long term fate of prosthetic value and effects of a fixed-orifice walve in the growing children are the main concern in pedriatric patients. Between January 1974 and October 1979, in 10 children, 15years or younger, cardiac valves were replaced becasuse of congenital or acquired valvular heart diseases in the Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital. There were 8 mitral valves, one aortic valve and one mitral and aortic valve replaced. Indications for valve replacement were intractable congestive heart failure or apperently progressing cardiac symptoms and signs. Early postoperative death was noticed in one due to arrythmia, and late postoperative death in one due to cerebral thromboembolism after 9 months of double valve replacement. All Survlvors showed clinical improvement and good cardiac condition during postoperative and follow-up period till now.
Child ; Adult ; Male ; Female ; Humans

Effects of Ultratiolet (UV) light was studied in isolated thoracic aortae of rabbits and porcine coronary arteries. The following results were obtained. 1) Radiation of UV light did not affect both arterial rings in resting tension. 2) Both arterial preparations contracted with various vasoconstrictors (KCI,NE,PE,BayK 8644 and (+S202 etc.) were relaxed by UV light radiation in a radiation time-dependent fashion. 3) The magnitudes of the relaxation were not significantly different in both the rings with or without intact endothelium. 4) MB and LY markedldy reduced the UV light-induced relaxation in both the rings. 5) PP significantly attenuated the UV light-induced relaxation of rabbit thoracic aorta, but did not affect that of porcine coronary artery. 6) The UV Light-induced relaxation of porcine coronary artery was significantly attenuated by DT or NF, while that of rabbit thoracic aorta was not. 7) (+)S202 significantly potentiated the UV light-induced relaxation of porcine coronary artery contracted with KCI or Hist. Above results suggest that the UV light-induced relaxation of vascular smooth muscles is independent on the endothelium, and the relaxation results from primarily activation of guanylyl cyclase and is in part related to adenylyl cyclase and calcium metabolism. In adddition, a dihydropyridine calcium agonist, (+)S202, may sensitize vascular smooth muscle to the relaxing effect of UV light through some unknown mechanism.
Adenylyl Cyclases ; Aorta, Thoracic ; Calcium* ; Coronary Vessels ; Endothelium ; Guanylate Cyclase ; Metabolism ; Muscle, Smooth* ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; Rabbits ; Relaxation* ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Vasoconstrictor Agents

No abstract available.
Cholestasis, Intrahepatic*

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The success of implants depends on intimate and direct contact of implant material on bone tissue and on functional relationship with soft tissue contact. Creation and maintenance of osseointegration depend on the understanding of the tissue's healing, repairing, and remodeling capacity and these capacities rely on cellular behavior. Altering the surface properties can modify cellular responses such as cell adhesion, cell motility, bone deposition. Therefore, various implant surface treatment methods are being developed for the improved bone cell responses. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the responses of osteoblast-like cells to surface- modified titanium. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The experiment was composed of four groups. Group 1 represented the electropolished surface. Group 2 surfaces were machined surface. Group 3 and Group 4 were anodized surfaces. Group 3 had low roughness and Group 4 had high roughness. Physicochemical properties and microstructures of the d iscs were examined and the responses of osteoblast-like cells to the discs were investigated. The microtopography was observed by SEM. The roughness was measured by three-dimension roughness measuring system. The microstructure was analyzed by XRD, AES. To evaluate cell responses to modified titanium surfaces, osteoblasts isolated from calvaria of neonatal rat were cultured. Cell count, morphology, total protein measurement and alkaline phosphatase activities of the cultures were examined. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results were as follows 1. The four groups showed specific microtopography respectively. Anodized group showed grain structure with micropores. 2. Surface roughness values were, from the lowest to the highest, electropolished group, machined group, low roughness anodized group, and high roughness anodized group. 3. Highly roughened anodized group was found to have increased surface oxide thickness and surface crystallinity. 4. The morphology of cells, flattened or spherical, were different from ach other. In the electropolished group and machined group, the cells were almost flattened. In two anodized groups, some cells were spherical and other cells were flattened. And the 14 day culture cells of all of the groups were nearly flattened due to confluency. 5. The number of attached cells was highest in low roughness anodized group. And the machined group had significantly lower cell count than any other groups(P<.05). 6. Total protein contents showed no difference among groups. 7. The level of alkaline phosphatase activities was higher in the anodized groups than electropolished and machined groups(P<.05).
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Animals ; Bone and Bones ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Count ; Cell Movement ; Edible Grain ; Crystallins ; Osseointegration ; Osteoblasts ; Rats ; Skull ; Surface Properties ; Titanium*

PURPOSE: Postinfectious acute glomerulonephritis usually needs no renal biopsy. But atypical clinical course and laboratory results indicate a need for renal biopsy. Therefore, to investigate clinicopathological characteristics of postinfectious acute glomerulonephritis, we compared clinical manifestations of biopsy group with those of non-biopsy group. METHODS: We reviewed the records of clinical and pathological data of 20 cases diagnosed by renal biopsies and compared them with 23 cases only diagnosed clinically. RESULT: Male : female ratio was 4.8 : 1 in biopsy group and 1.2 : 1 in non-biopsy group, so the male is more predominent in number in the biopsy group. Hypertension was documented in 52.2% of cases of non-biopsy group, which is significantly high compared to incidence of hypertension (20%) in the biopsy group. Laboratory data showed that serum creatinine, cholesterol, and 24- hour urine protein losses are significantly higher in the biopsy group. In the biopsy group, tentative diagnosis on admission were acute glomerulonephritis(45.0%), nephrotic syndrome(15.0%), membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis(15.0%), pyelonephritis(10.0%) and so on. Mean time from onset of symptoms to renal biopsy was 29.3+/-24.1(7-110) days. Fifty percent of the cases showed exudative phase, 25.0% exudative-proliferative phase. In three cases over 7 weeks, two showed proliferative phases and one sclerotic phase. CONCLUSION: Our cases of postinfectious acute glomerulonephritis diagnosed by renal biopsy had a male predominence, and lower incidence of hypertension They also tended to have decrease renal function and more urinary protein loss compared to clinically diagnoses ones without renal biopsy.
Biopsy ; Cholesterol ; Creatinine ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Glomerulonephritis* ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Male