Ectopic pregnancies are unsuccessful pregnancies that result from implantation of fertilized ovum occurring inan aberrant area. Aside from an emergency case, the early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy is very difficultparticularly in a case with insidious onset and mild clinical manifestations. Early diagnosis not only reduces thedanger, but also simplifies the management of ectopic pregnancy. Ultrasonography has been an indispensablediagnostic tool in obstetrics and Gynecology. In the authors' experience, clinical suspected ectopic pregnancy wasone of the common indications for performing ultrasonography. Since Kobayashi et al. reported the appearances ofextopic preganancy utilizing bistable B-scan ultrasonography, the ultrasonic findings of ectopic pregnancy havebeen reported by many authors. But, its accuracy and reliablity in the diagnosis of ectopic pregancy are stillopen to controversy. The authors studied 65 cases of clinically suspected ectopic pregnancy with Picker 80 L grayscale ultrasonography from Aug. 1982 to Jun. 1983. There were 29 confirmed cases, of which 15 were proved to haveextopic pregnancy and 14 were proved to have disease other than ectopic pregnancy by surgical andhistopathological study or by laparoscopy and histopatholoigcal study or by laparoscopy and follow up study. 29confirmed cases were reviewed. The resuls were as follows; 1. Among 15 ectopic pregnancies, there were 12ampullary pregnancies, 2 isthmic pregnancies and 1 interstitial pregancy. Among 14 cases of no ectopic pregnancy,there were 5 intrauterine pregnancies, 3 myoma uteri, 2 P.I.D., and 1 case of dermoid cyst, cystic teratoma,h-mole and tubal hematoma due to previous tubal ligation, respectively. 2. The age distribution of ectopicpregnancy was from 22 to 41 years. The common clinical manifestations of extopic pregnancy were lower abdominalpain (73.3%), vaginal spotting or bleeding (73.3%) and amenorrhea(66.7%). 3. Positive results of urine immunologicpregnancy test was 28.6% in ectopic pregnancy. 4. Ultrasonic findings of ectopic preganncy were as follows; 1) Nointrauterine gestational sac was observed in all cases except 1 interstitial pregnancy. Intrauterine fluidcollection was observed in 3 cases. Uterine displacement was observed in 10 cases. 2) Among 5 cases of rupturedtubal pregnancy, we observed predominantly cystic adnexal mass in 3 cases, mixed echogenic adnexal mass in 2cases, and cul-de-sac fluid in all cases. Among 9 cases of unruptured tubal pregnancy, we observed predominantlycystic adnexal mass in 2 cases, mixed echogenic adnexal mass in 7 cases, and cul-de- sac fluid in 3 cases. 3) Anechodense ring like structure was observed outside the uterus in 9 cases of tubal pregnancy. 4) In the case ofinterstitial pregnancy, eccentrically located gestational sac with overlying thin myometrium was observed withinthe uterus. 5) Fetal heart activity was noted outside the uterus with real time scanning in only 1 case of ectoicpregnancy. 5. Of 19 sonographically ectopic pregnancies, a correct positive ultrasonic diagnosis was made n 14cases (73.7%). Of 29 confirmed cases, overall diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound was 79.3%. 6. By demonstrationintrauterine pregnancy or disease other than ectopic pregnancy such as myoma uteri, homole or ovarian cyst,ectopic pregnancy was ultrasonically excluded in 10 cases. Among above 10 cases, 1 case of ultasonically bilateralovarian cyst was proved to have ruptured tubal pregnancy combined with ovarian cyst. The accuracy of ultrasonicexclusion of ectopic pregnancy was 90%. In the authors'experience, ultrasonography was very helpful in theexclusion of extopic pregnancy.
Age Distribution ; Animals ; Dermoid Cyst ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Emergencies ; Female ; Fetal Heart ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gestational Sac ; Gynecology ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage ; Laparoscopy ; Metrorrhagia ; Mice ; Myoma ; Myometrium ; Obstetrics ; Ovarian Cysts ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic ; Pregnancy, Interstitial ; Pregnancy, Tubal ; Sterilization, Tubal ; Ultrasonics ; Ultrasonography ; Uterus ; Zygote

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans

In clinical microsurgery, limitation of space often prohibits rotation of a double clamp in an end-to-end anastomosis, or shortage of length of the secondary vessel in an end-to-side anastomosis does not allow visualization of the back wall. In these situation, back wall repair is extremely difficult. To overcome this problem, we use continuous suture technique without rotation of double clamp for end-to-end and end-to-side anastomosis of the 40 rat femoral arteries. After continuous sutures for micro-arterial anastomosis, the following results were obtained: Continuous sutures are useful in anastomosis where there is unavoidable limited access to the posterior wall and for some of the larger vessels now being anastomosed in free flap and other reconstructive surgery.
Animals ; Femoral Artery ; Free Tissue Flaps ; Microsurgery ; Rats ; Suture Techniques ; Sutures*

No abstract available.
Bartter Syndrome*

Fetal cystic hygroma is a rare congenital malformation of the lymphatic system appearing as a single or multiloculated fluid-filled cavity, most often in the neck. A case of fetal nuchal cystic hygroma was diagnosed by Ultrasonography at 22 weeks of gestation and the diagnosis was confirmed at autopsy. We present the case with a brief review of literature.
Autopsy ; Diagnosis ; Lymphangioma, Cystic* ; Lymphatic System ; Neck ; Pregnancy ; Ultrasonography

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Lamivudine, an oral nucleoside analogue, effectively inhibits hepatitis B virus replication and reduces hepatic necroinflammation in patients with chronic hepatitis B. This study investigated the effect and safety of 12 week lamivudine therapy in Korean patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). METHODS: In an open clinical trial, 113 patients with CHB were enrolled. They received 100 mg of lamivudine orally once daily for 12 weeks, and they were followed until 2 weeks after cessation of lamivudine. HBV DNA (by bDNA assay), liver enzymes, creatine phosphokinase, creatinine and CBC were checked at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 14 weeks. Compliance and side effects were evaluated at the same time. RESULTS: After receiving lamivudine 100 mg, serum HBV DNA levels fell rapidly, remaining in 94.3% below baseline values at 2 weeks and 99.8% below baseline values at 12 weeks. Serum HBV DNA was cleared in 75.2% and alanine aminotransferase level (ALT) was normalized in 64.8% at 12 weeks. Cumulative percentage of HBeAg clearance (defined by clearance of serum HBV DNA and HBeAg) was 14.4%. Clearance of HBV DNA was more frequent in patients with lower pretreatment serum HBV DNA and higher ALT. During the treatment periods, adverse effects were negligible and transient. Two weeks after cessation of lamivudine, serum HBV DNA reappeared in 70.6% of responders. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that lamivudine is effective and safe in the treatment of CHB in Korean patients, but further study for adequate duration of treatment is needed because of high recurrence after 12 weeks therapy.
Alanine Transaminase ; Compliance ; Creatine Kinase ; Creatinine ; DNA ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; Hepatitis B virus ; Hepatitis B, Chronic* ; Hepatitis, Chronic* ; Humans ; Lamivudine* ; Liver ; Recurrence

Two cases of vaginal injury due to Coitus are presented. One is the case of the laceration of midportion of posterior vaginal wall with shock and the other one in the laceration of posterior vaginal fornix and pelvic peritoneum. They are all in multiparity. And a review of literature on vaginal injury due to coitus is made briefly.
Coitus* ; Female ; Lacerations ; Parity ; Peritoneum ; Shock

Despite a variable degree of comminution, the intra-articular fracture of the distal radius comprises four basic fragments : 1.Radial shaft; 2.Radial styloid; 3.Dorsal medial fragment; 4.Palmar medial fragment. For the period of 3 years from May 1984 to May 1987, 26 patients who had been treated for intra-articular fracture of the distal radius by various methods at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kang Nam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym College are presented. According to the objective criteria of Scheck(18) used for calculating the degree of anatomic position change, the result obtained were as follows : 1. The most common fracture type was Type II by Melon(6) classification. 2. The average age of patients was 34 years old. 3. We agree that the accurate anatomic reduction with internal fixation assures better results in the distal radius intra-articular fracture. 4. CT scan was necessary for the accurate diagnosis of articular surface destruction. 5. Accurate relationship of the anatomic and functional result could be analyzed by Scheck(18) and Melon(6) concepts.
Classification ; Clinical Study ; Diagnosis ; Fractures, Comminuted ; Heart ; Humans ; Intra-Articular Fractures ; Orthopedics ; Radius ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

No abstract available in English.
Braces ; Child ; Hip ; Humans ; Thigh

While a giant cell tumor most frequently involves the distal end of the femur and proximal end of the tibia, involvement of the cervical spine is quite rare. Recently we observed a patient with a giant cell tumor affecting the sixth cervical vertebra. This is regarded as a clinically malignant tumor because its nature and difficulty in diagnosis and treatment We easily confirmed the extent of the lesion by CT scanning with Metrizamide. The treatment was palliative tumor ressection. This case of a giant cell tumor affecting the sixth cervical vertebra is reported with a brief review of the literature.
Diagnosis ; Femur ; Giant Cell Tumors ; Giant Cells ; Humans ; Metrizamide ; Spine ; Tibia ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed