Objective To investigate the antioxidation activity and resistance of lipid peroxidation of panax notoginseng flower total saponins.Methods The panax notoginseng flower buds were extracted with ethanol. The hydroxyl free radical(?OH), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrythydrazyl radical(DPPH)clearing rate and resistance of lipid peroxidation of rat liver induced by Fe2+-cysteine were determined by spectrophotometry. Results Half clearance of hydroxyl free radical and DPPH. by panax notoginseng flower total saponin was 0.035 mg/ml and 0.094 mg/ml, the maximum inhibition rate of lipid peroxidation of rat liver induced by Fe2+-cysteine was 89.31%, therefore moderate concentration of extracts had a strong inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation. Conclusions Panax notoginseng flower total saponins have antioxidant activity and resistance of lipid peroxidation.

Aim To investigate the optimum trypsin digestion time and the optimum trypsin concentration of the long-term formalin-fixed retina in rats.Methods Male SD rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. The removed eyes were fixed in 4% formaldehyde fixa-tive for 2 days,2 weeks,4 weeks,3 months,5 months and 7 months respectively.Fixed retinas at dif-ferent time were separated and put in 3%,6% and 9% trypsin at 37℃ in incubator.The time required was recorded for complete digestion of retinas,which fixed for different time and digested in different con-centrations of trypsin.The retinal blood vessels were recorded under a microscope after PAS staining of stretched retinal blood vessel.Results After conven-tionally fixed for 48 hours,retinas were digested com-pletely in 3% trypsin at 37℃ for 3.5 hours.The di-gestion time extended to 9 hours and 1 4 hours for the 2 weeks and 1 month fixed eyes,using 3% trypsin, which achieved the same result as conventional fixed eyes.For the 3 months fixed eyes,a complete retinal blood vessel could also be attained by using conven-tional concentrations of trypsin,and only by extending digestion time to 22 hours.It is also indicated that the increased concentration of trypsin did not shorten the time of digestion.In addition,for the fixed eye from 5 months to 7 months,6% and 9% trypsin could short-en,to some extent,the time to 22 hours and 28 hours respectively,which was conductive to obtaining rela-tively complete retinal blood vessels.Conclusions Retinal tissues which fixed time shorter than 3 months can completely be digested using 3% trypsin.Howev-er,for retinal tissue,which fixed from 5 months to 7 months,both the extending time of digestion and the increasing concentration of trypsin to 6% are necessary to get optimum retinal vascular digestion.

Aim To investigate the protective effect of astragaloside IV (AS-Ⅳ) on human retinal pigment epithelium injury induced by methylglyoxal (MGO), and explore its molecular mechanism.Methods The injury of ARPE-19 cells was induced by MGO and the cell viability was measured by CCK-8 method.The morphology of cell nucleus was analyzed by Hoechst 33342 staining and the cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry to detect labbled Annexin V-FITC/PI.JC-1 staining and fluorescence probe DCFH-DA were employed to evaluate the change of mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species (ROS).The levels of SOD, MDA, caspase-9 and caspase-3 were determined by respective kits.Western blot was used to analyse the expression of Bcl-2, Bax and PARP.Results AS-Ⅳ could significantly inhibit the decrease of cell viability induced by MGO, improve the morphology of cell nucleus, reduce the ARPE-19 cell apoptosis rate and the level of ROS and MDA, and increase the activity of SOD.Furthermore, AS-Ⅳ could enhance mitochondrial membrane potential, the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax and the expression of PARP, and inhibit the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3.Conclusion AS-Ⅳ may protect ARPE-19 cells from the injury induced by MGO by increasing the antioxidant ability of ARPE-19 cells and inhibiting cell apoptosis.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of exosomes derived from renal cancer cell line ACHN on the proliferation and apoptosis of ACHN cells and explore the mechanism.

METHODSExosomes derived from ACHN cells were separated and purified by ultrafiltration and sucrose gradient centrifugation. The effects of the exosomes on the proliferation and apoptosis of ACHN cells were analyzed with CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The changes of mRNA and protein expressions of cyclin D1, caspase-3 were examined using RT-PCR and Western blotting, and the changes in the protein expression of p-Akt and p-ERK1/2 were detected with Western blotting.

RESULTSExosomes were successfully purified by ultrafiltration and sucrose gradient centrifugation. Compared with the control cells, ACHN cells treated with the exosomes showed enhanced proliferative activity with suppressed cell apoptosis. Exosomes treatment upregulated cyclinD1 mRNA and protein expression, down-regulated caspase-3 protein expression without affecting caspase-3 mRNA expression, and upregulated the expression of p-Akt and p-ERK1/2.

CONCLUSIONExosomes can promote the growth and proliferation and inhibit the apoptosis of renal cancer cell line ACHN. Removal of the exosomes from the microenvironment of renal cancer or inhibition of its function can be new strategies for treatment of renal cancer.

Apoptosis ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Cyclin D1 ; metabolism ; Exosomes ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; metabolism

Objective:To investigate the multilocus sequence typing feature of the virulence-associated genes of Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) separated from the clinical specimens of a multi-center cohort children in Guangzhou area. Methods:A total number of 412 Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from 2 059 non-repeated fecal specimens of children by three groups′ researchers in Guangzhou Women and Children′s Medical Center from August 2018 to November 2018. While collecting specimens, patient clinical information is also properly collected and preserved. After extracting the DNA of the strain, the virulence-associated genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), including the staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) genes ( sea, seb, sec, sed, see) and the Panton-Valentine leucocidin-encoding gene ( pvl).The multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) method was performed to reveal the MLST feature of these genes and the statistical difference were examined by the the χ 2 test. Results:Among the 412 isolates of S. aureus, 256 strains (256/412, 62.1%) contains at least one SE gene. Among the enterotoxin gens, the sec (125/412, 30.3%), seb(98/412, 23.8%)and sea (66/412, 16.0%)genes were the three most prevalent members of SEs. The frequency of pvl gene in Staphylococcus aureus was 18.7%(77/412).Among them, the frequency of Staphylococcus aureus sea gene isolated from patients with gastroenteritis (58/319, 18.2%) was significantly higher than that from the non-gastroenteritis group (8/93, 8.6%)(χ2=4.912, P=0.027). The frequency of Staphylococcus aureus pvl gene isolated from the patients with pneumonia (8/21, 38.1%) was greater than that from the non-pneumonia group (6/47, 12.8%)(χ2=4.252, P=0.039). In addition, the virulence-associated gene of S. aureus was closely related to the specific ST type, 82.4% (28/34) of ST6 carried sea gene, all ST338 and ST59 carried seb gene, 96% (48/50) ST45 carried sec gene, and the pvl gene carrying rate of ST338 was 5/5. Conclusions:The SEA toxin produced by ST6 Staphylococcus aureus may be closely related to the diagnosis of gastroenteritis in children. The frequency of pvl virulence gene in Staphylococcus aureus in children with community-acquired pneumonia was higher than that in the non-pneumonia group, and closely related to the CC59.

Objective To analyze the impact of depressive symptoms on quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease(PD)based on middle-and long-term follow-up study,and to explore predictors for the reduced quality of life in PD patients.Methods Clinical data of 80 PD patients were searched from the electronic database in our research center.Patients who had complete general information and the following data of unified Parkinson's disease rating scale(UPDRS),Hoehn and Yahr scale(HY),mini-mental state examination(MMSE),Hamilton depression rating scale(HAMD),Hamilton rating scale for anxiety(HAMA),the 39-item Parkinson's disease questionnaire(PDQ-39),etc.after one-year follow-up were included in this study.The differences in quality of life were analyzed and compared among the non-depression group (n =38),depression remission group (n =22) and depression group(n=20).A follow-up visit was conducted after four years.The disease progression and decline in quality of life were compared between the depression and non-depression groups according to the baseline value of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale.According to the change in PDQ-39 value,cluster analysis was used to reclassify patients into fast-decline group and slow-decline group.Logistic regression analysis was used to determine independent risk factors for the decline of quality of life.Results At the end of 1 year follow-up,the quality of life was decreased in the depression group as compared with the baseline(P =0.017),and the score of PDQ-39 was higher in the depression group than in the non-depression group and depression remission group.At the end of 4-year follow-up,UPDRS total score,UPDRSⅢ score,HY stage and PDQ-39 score were increased as compared with the baseline,the quality of life decreased more significantly,and the disease progressed faster in the depression group than the other two groups(P ＜0.05).The differences in the disease course,total score of UPDRS,HY stage and HAMD score were statistically significant between the fast-decline group and slow-decline group(P =0.001,0.039,0.003 and ＜0.001,respectively).Logistic regression analysis showed that disease course (OR =1.254,P =0.020),and baseline HAMD score (OR =1.450,P =0.003) were the independent risk factors for the decline of quality of life.Conclusions The quality of life of PD patients is worse in the depression group than in the depression remission group and non-depression group.In PD patients with depressive symptoms,the illness progression is faster,and the quality of life is decreased more significantly.The disease course and depression can predict the decline of quality of life in PD patients.

Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy between femoral neck system (FNS) and inverted cannulated compression screws (ICCS) in the fixation of adult femoral neck fracture.Methods:The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed of the 119 patients with femoral neck fracture who had received FNS or ICCS internal fixation at Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, West China Hospital from September 2019 to June 2020. They were divided into 2 groups according to their internal fixation methods. In the FNS group of 62 patients, there were 38 males and 24 females, with an age of (54.0±13.0) years, and 13 cases of type Ⅱ, 34 cases of type Ⅲ and 15 cases of type Ⅳ according to the Garden classification; in the ICCS group of 57 patients, there were 42 males and 15 females, with an age of (53.2±11.3) years, and 9 cases of type Ⅱ, 33 cases of type Ⅲ and 15 cases of type Ⅳ according to the Garden classification. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, fluoroscopy frequency, hospitalization time, fracture healing time, Harris hip score and incidence of complications were compared between the 2 groups.Results:The 2 groups were comparable due to insignificant differences in their preoperative general data or follow-up duration ( P>0.05). There were significant differences between the FNS and ICCS groups in fluoroscopy frequency [(8.8±2.9) times versus (15.6±3.4) times], operation time [(45.2±10.1) min versus (51.8±11.7) min], fracture healing time [(3.2±0.4) months versus (4.0±0.6) months], Harris hip score at the last follow-up [(91.8±4.4) points versus (84.6±3.3) points], and femoral neck shortening at the last follow-up, favoring the FNS group (all P<0.05). There were no significant differences in follow-up time, hospitalization time, intraoperative blood loss or incidence of complications between the 2 groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:In the fixation of adult femoral neck fractures, compared with ICCS, FNS can significantly reduce fluoroscopy frequency, shorten fracture healing and operation time, reduce risk of femoral neck shortening and hospitalization time, and promote functional recovery of the hip.

Objective To fabricate an antibacterial controlled drug delivery system with PEG-hydrogel and gentamicin-loaded-CSt on titanium surface,and to investigate its surface characteristics,swelling behavior,drug release behavior in vitro,antiinfection performance in vivo,and tissue biocompatibility.Methods Cross-linked starch (CSt) was synthesized first and then CSt was loaded with gentamicin (GEN) as a carrier (GEN@CSt),then 4-arm-polyethylene glycol (PEG) was added to it which was mixed by ultrasound.The surface of titanium (Ti) was covered with a layer of poly dopamine (PDA).The drug-loaded hydrogel was fixed to the titanium surface,subsequently capped by poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) membranes,and then the Ti-PDA-PEG (GEN@CSt)-PLGA composite coating was fabricated finally.Surface morphology of the system was observed,while the swelling behavior was characterized;release behavior of the composite coating was detected;the bacteriostatic experiments were carried out with staphylococcus aureus (SAU),staphylococcus epidermidis (SEP) and escherichia coli (ECO) in vitro.The animal models of infected bone defect was established in 36 New Zealand white rabbits.These animals were randomly divided into three groups.Group 1 animals were implanted with drug-loaded composite coatings.Group 2 animals were implanted with drug-free composite coatings.Group 3 animals were implanted with bare titanium rods.The infection data were collected periodically to carry out antiinfection experiments in vivo.Another 12 rabbits were divided into the experimental group and the control group randomly.Biocompatibility of the materials was observed by histopathology after implantation of the corresponding materials into the femoral condyle.Results The composite coating adhered to the titanium surface firmly,presenting a smooth and translucent shape.The ratio of CSt/PEG affects swelling behavior varied,starch-free gels maintained an equilibrium swelling of 7.4,after the ratio reached 1 ∶ 1,the equilibrium swelling ratio remained at 3.0.In-vitro the release rate of the first 8 h was fast,and the cumulative release amount accounted for 83％ of the total in the first 7 days,lasting more than 13 d.In vitro antibacterial test,the average diameter of the inhibition ring was 3.6±0.13 cm (SAU),3.4±0.11 cm (SEP),3.7±0.10 cm (ECO).In-vivo anti-infection experiment,the infection situation of the group 1 was better than the control groups 2 and 3.The pathological results indicated that inflammatory reaction in the experimental group was basically the same as the control group.Conclusion The study successfully fabricated the antibacterial controlled drug delivery system with PEG-hydrogel and gentamicin-loaded-CSt on titanium surface.The system has a reasonable drug release behavior,and effectively inhibited the growth of bacteria in vivo and in vitro.It also has good biocompatibility to stand a promising strategy to improve the orthopedics anti-infection.

Objective:To investigate the influencing factors of textbook outcomes in liver surgery (TOLS) after radical resection of gallbladder carcinoma.Methods:The retrospective case-control study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 530 patients who underwent radical resection of gallbladder carcinoma in 15 medical centers, including the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University et al, from January 2014 to January 2020 were collected. There were 209 males and 321 females, aged (61±10)years. Patients underwent radical resection of gallbladder carcinoma, including cholecystectomy, hepatectomy, invasive bile duct resection, and lymph node dissection. Observation indicators: (1) situations of TOLS; (2) influencing factors of TOLS. Measure-ment data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and comparison between groups was conducted using the independent sample t test. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M( Q1, Q3), and comparison between groups was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test. Count data were described as absolute numbers or percentages, and comparison between groups was conducted using the chi-square test. Comparison of ordinal data between groups was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test. The univariate analysis was conducted using the corresponding statistical methods based on data type, and variables with P<0.10 were included in multivariate analysis. Multivariate analysis was conducted using the Logistic stepwise regression model. Results:(1) Situations of TOLS. All 530 patients underwent radical resection of gallbladder carcinoma, and there were 498 cases achieving R 0 resection, 508 cases without ≥grade 2 intra-operative adverse events, 456 cases without postoperative grade B and grade C biliary leakage, 513 cases without postoperative grade B and grade C liver failure, 395 cases without severe com-plications within postoperative 90 days, 501 cases did not being re-admission caused by severe com-plications within postoperative 90 days. Of the 530 patients, 54.53%(289/530) of patients achieved postoperative TOLS, while 45.47%(241/530) of patients did not achieve postoperative TOLS. (2) Influencing factors of TOLS. Results of multivariate analysis showed that American Society of Anesthesiologists classification >grade Ⅱ, preoperative jaundice, T staging as T3?T4 stage, N staging as N2 stage, liver resection as right hemi-hepatectomy, and neoadjuvant therapy were independent factors influencing TOLS in patients undergoing radical resection of gallbladder carcinoma ( odds ratio=2.65, 1.87, 5.67, 5.65, 2.55, 3.34, 95% confidence interval as 1.22?5.72, 1.18?2.95, 2.51?12.82, 2.83?11.27, 1.41?4.63, 1.88?5.92, P<0.05). Conclusion:American Society of Anesthesiologists classification >grade Ⅱ, preoperative jaundice, T staging as T3?T4 stage, N staging as N2 stage, liver resection as right hemi-hepatectomy, and neoadjuvant therapy are independent factors influencing TOLS in patients undergoing radical resection of gallbladder carcinoma.